28

ksudK

fuu mdvu bf.kSfuka Tng

uQ,sl m: y;rla ksudKh lsug

fok ,o o;a; weiqfrka ;s%fldaK ksudKh lsug

iudka;r fLd yd ta wdY%s; ksudKh lsug
yelsshdj ,efnkq we;'

28'1 uQ,sl m: ksudKh

p,kh jk ,laIHhl .uka u. tu ,laIHfha m:h f,i ykajkq ,ef' tfkod
mirh wdY%s;j olakg ,efnk m: i|yd ksoiqka lSmhla my; oelaf'

1' .ilska .s,sfyk f.hla fmd<jg m;s; jk .uka u.

2' Trf,daiqjl lgqjl ;=fvys .uka u.

3' iQhhd jgd N%uKh jk .%y jia;=jl .uka u.

4' wj,nl Trf,daiqjl ngdf.a .uka u.

5' ms;a;lska mkajg myr ka g mkaf .uka u.
fuu mdvf wm iska i,ld n,kq ,nkafka tlu ;,hl msys m: ms<sn|j
mu
igyk:
m: ksudKh lsug fhduqug fmr my; oelafjk lreKq ms<sn`o j Tf wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
1' ,laIH folla w;r r:
;,hl msys A yd B ,laIH folla i,luq' tu ,laIH fol w;r r hkafkka
woyia jkafka tu ,laIH fol hd lrk ir, fLd LKavfha .hs'
A
B

2' ,laIHhl isg ir, fLdjlg r:
we;s A ,laIHh yd we;s ir, fLdjla i,luq' A isg ir, fLdjlg we;s
r hkafkka woyia jkafka A isg ir, fLdjg we;s flu rhs' tu flu r
jkafka tu fLdjg we;s ,n rhs'
A

110

3' iudka;r fLd folla w;r r:

my; oelafjk iudka;r ir, fLd fol i,lkak' tla fLdjla u; kEu
A ,laIHhla .ksuq' A isg wfkla fLdjg we;s ,n rg fuu iudka;r fLd
fol w;r r hehs lshkq ,ef' fLd fol iudka;r ksid" A ,laIHh fLdj u;
fld;ekska f;dard .;a; o fuu r fjkia fkdf'
A

oeka wms uQ,sl m: 4la ms<sn|j uid n,uq'
1' wp, ,laIHhlg ksh; rlska p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h ksudKh lsu
rEmfha oelafjk Trf,daiqf tla tla lgqf ;=v iEu gu lgqj
i we;s wlaIfha isg ksh; rlska msysghs' Trf,daiqj ils%h
10
2
we;s g tys tla tla lgqf ;=v .uka .kakd ud.h jD;a;dldr
3
9
jk nj Tng kslaIKh lsug yels h' Trf,daiqf lgq wlaIfha
4
8
i lr we;s ia:dkh tu jD;a;j, flakah jk w;r tla tla
7 6 5
lgqf . jD;a;fha wrh f' fuys lgqjl ;=v wp, ,laIhl
isg ksh; rlska .uka .kakd nj kslaIKh lrkak' tu ksh;
r jkafka lgqf .hs'
11 12 1

wp, ,laIHhlg ksh; rlska p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h jD;a;hla f'

jD;a;hla ksudKh lrk whqre uid n,uq'
wp, ,laIHhla ,l=Kq lrkak' ksudKh lsug wjYH jD;a;fha wrh lgqjg ir,
odrh wdOdrfhka f.k" ljlgqf ;=v wp, ,laIHh u; ;nd jD;a;h ksudKh
lrkak'
2' wp, ,laIH follg iu ka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h ksudKh lsu
P
=

rEmfha oelafjk m P ,laIHh A yd B

,laIH folgu iu ka msysghs' Q ,laIHh o
A yd B ,laIH folgu iu ka msys ;j;a
,laIHhls' A yd B ,laIH folgu iu ka
msys fujeks ,laIH Yd, .Kkla we;' tu
,laIH ish,a,u hd l<fyd;a ,efnkafka
l=ulaoehs ksCIKh lrkak'
111

tu ,laIH hd lsfuka ,efnk fLdj A yd B ,laIH hd lrk fLdf uOH

,laIHh yryd .uka lrk nj;a AB fLdjg ,n nj;a meye,s jkq we;'
wp, ,laIH follg iu lska p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h tu wp, ,laIH fol hd
lrk fLd LKavfha ,n iufolh f'
oeka tu m:h" tk AB fLd LKavfha ,n iufolh" ksudKh lrk whqre
uid n,uq'
B

A yd B k ,laIH folla ,l=Kq lrkak'

mshjr 1: AB fLd LKavh we`o tys .ska y wvlg
jvd je wrhla ,efnk fia ljlgqj
ilia lrf.k A yd B ,laIH tl tlla
flaka fldg.;a ^rEmfha m& fokh
jk jD;a; pdmh ne.ska wkak'

,laIHh by; fLd 2ka tlla u; msysh hq;= nj meye,s h'

f wkqj AB fLdf isg fikagr 2l ksh; rlska msys ,laIHhl m:h
jkqfha ABg iudka;rj yd ABg fomiska fikagr 2l rlska msys tlsfklg
iudka;r fLd hq.,hls'
we;s ir, fLdjlg we;s ksh; rlska p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h tu ir,
fLdjg fomiska" we;s ksh; ka yd we;s fLdjg iudka;rj msys ir, fLd
hq.,h f'
oeka tu m:h" tk we;s fLdjlg iu ka msys iudka;r fLd hq.,hla
ksudKh lrk whqre uid n,uq'

ir, odrh wdOdrfhka fLd LKavhla w`kak'

A
B

tu fLdj u; A yd B ,laIH 2la f;dard .kak'

mshjr 2: tu jD;a; pdm fol fokh jk ,laIH C yd

D f,i k lr C yd D yryd .uka lrk ir,
fLdj wkak' fuu fLdj wjYH m:hhs'
A
,n iufolh

mshjr 1: A yd B ,laIHhj, fLdjg ,n

folla ksudKh lrkak'

mshjr 2: tu tla tla ,nh u; fLdjg fomiskau

ksh; rlska ^2 cm hehss is;uq'& ,laIH
fol ne.ska ,l=Kq lr tajd rEmfha
oelafjk m P, Q, R, S f,i k
lrkak'

>

D
S

R
3' ir, fLdjlg ksh; ka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h ksudKh lsu
P
2 cm
A
2 cm
112

AB fLdjg iudka;rj" tu fLdj

fomiska we| we;s fLd hq.,hla rEmfha
oelaf' tu tla tla fLdj AB isg
B 2 cm ksh; ka msysgd we;' f,dau
jYfhka" AB fLdf isg 2 cm ksh;
rlska h ,laIHhla msysghs k tu

mshjr 3: P yd Q yryd;a R yd S yryd;a ir,

fLd wkak' fuu fLd fol wjYH
m:hs'

A
R

>

>

>

S
113

4' fokh jk ir, fLd follg iu ka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h ksudKh

lsu
R
C
P
A

x x
x x
O
S

rEmfha oelafjk AB yd CD ir,

fLd O ys fokh f' PQ
we|
we;af;a
B fLdj
(yd
) fldaKh iudk fldaK
follg fnfok m h' fuu PQ
Q fLdjg
(fyda
) ys
fldaK iufolh hehs lshkq
D ,ef' tf,iu" RS fLdj we|
(yd
) iudk
we;af;a
fldaK follg fnfok mh'
fuu RSg
(fyda
) ys
fldaK iufolh hehs lshkq
,ef'

oeka PQ fLdj u; kEu ,laIHhl isg AB fLdjg we;s r yd CD fLdjg we;s

r iudk jk nj Tng kslaIKh lsug yelsjkq we;' tf,iu RS fLdj u;
kEu ,laIHhl isg AB fLdjg we;s r yd CD fLdjg we;s r iudk nj o
jgyd .kak' f,dau jYfhka" fLd folgu iudk ka h ,laIHhla msysghs k
tu ,laIHh PQ u; fyda RS u; msysh hq;= nj Tng wkqudk l< yels o@
we;s fokh jk ir, fLd follg iu ka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h tu
ir, fLd fol fokh fuka iEfok fldaKj, iufolh f'

oeka tu m:h ksudKh lrk whqre uid n,uq'
A
AB yd CD k ir, fLd folla O ys fokh
f hehs is;uq'
D
C
O
B
mshjr 1: ljlgqj Nd;fhka O flaka fldg f.k
BA yd DC fokh jk fia jD;a; pdmhla
wkak' jD;a; pdmh u.ska BA yd DC D
fLd fokh jk ia:dk ms<sfj<ska E yd
B
F f,i k lrkak'

114

A
E
O

A
mshjr 2: ljlgqj Nd;fhka E yd F flaka f,i f.k
tlsfkl fokh jk fia pdm folla D
wkak'
mshjr 3: pdm fol fokh jk ,laIHh G f,i
k lr O yd G yryd .uka lrk ir,
fLdj wkak' fuh wjYH fldaK D
iufolhhs'

E
O
B

A
G

E
O

fldaK iufolh
fumoafokau" wfkla fldaK iufolh o ksudKh lrkak'
28'1 wNHdih
1' Trf,daiqjl ;;amr lgqf . fikagr 3'5la k ;;amr lgqf ;=fvys .uka
u. ksudKh lr olajkak'
2' lUhlska .il .eg.id isk .jhl= yd .i w;r Wmu r m%udKh gr
5la k .ig Wmu ka isk fia .jhdg .ukal< yels .uka ud.fha o<
igykla we| olajkak'
3' A hkq wrh fikagr 3la jQ wp, oe;s frdaohl
flakah jk w;r B hkq wrh fikagr 2la jQ
ip, oe;s frdaohl flakah f' A flakah jQ
oe;s frdaoh jgd B flakah jQ oe;s frdaoh N%uKh
f B flakafha m:h ksudKh lrkak'

4' (i) PQ = 5 cm jQ ir, fLd LKavhla wkak' P yd Q flaka f,i f.k wrh
3 cm ne.ska jQ jD;a; folla wkak'
(ii) jD;a; fol fokh jk ,laIH X yd Y f,i k lrkak' X yd Y hd lrkak'
(iii) PQ yd XY fLd fokh jk ,laIHh S f,i k lr PS yd QS . uek
,shkak'
(iv) PX yd QX ys Yd,;aj uek ,shkak'
(v) XY fLdj u.ska oelafjk m:h ia;r lrkak'
5' AB = 7 cm jQ fLd LKavhla ksudKh fldg tu fLdj iudk fldgia y;rlg
fnod olajkak'

115

7' (i) iqfldaKS ;s%fldaKhla we`o th ABC f,i

k lrkak'
(ii) A yd C ,laIHj,g iuka msys ,laIHhl
m:h ksudKh lrkak'
(iii) A yd B ,laIHj,g iuka msys ,laIHhl
m:h ksudKh lrkak'
(iv) tu m: (ii) yd (iii) ys fokh jk ,laIHh
O f,i k lrkak' fuu O ,laIHfha A
isg A, B yd C ,laIHj,g we;s r ms<sn|j
Tng lsj yelafla l=ula o@

=
= 90 o BD = DE o f'
13' rEmfha
(i) AB yd AC fLdj,g iuka msys ,laIHj,
m:h k lrkak'
(ii)
= 40x k
yd
ys w.h l=ulao@

D
=

28'2 ;%sfldaK ksudKh

C

8' KL k ir, fLd LKavh wkak' tu ir, fLd LKavhg fikagr 2'5la
ka msys ,laIHhl m:h ksudKh lrkak'
9' . fikagr 5la o m<, fikagr 3la o jQ iDcqfldaKdi%hla wkak' fuu
iDcqfldaKdi%fha mdoj,g msg;ska fikagr 2la ka p,kh jk ,laIHhl
m:h ksudKh lrkak'
10' fldaKudkh Nd;fhka my; oelafjk fldaK we| tajdfha fldaK iufol
ksudKh lrkak'
(ii) 90x
(iii) 120x

(i) 60x
11' rEmfha we;s f;dr;=re wkqj"
(i) PQ yd PR fLdj,g iuka msys ,laIHj,
m:h k lrkak'
(ii) XY yd YZ w;r inkaOh ,shd olajkak'
(iii)
ys w.h l=ula o@

B
x

6' AB = 5 cm o
= 40x o jk m
fldaKh wkak' A yd B ,laIHj,g
iu ka msys m:h ksudKh fldg tu m:h u.ska AC fLdj fokh jk
,laIHh D f,i k lrkak'

2.5 cm

1' tla tla mdofha . we;s g

ksoiqk 1
AB = 6 cm o BC = 5'5 cm o AC = 4'3 cm o jQ ABC ;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'
mshjr 1 : 6 cmla . fLd LKavhla ksudKh lr th AB f,i k lrkak'
mshjr 2 : B flakah f,i f.k wrh 5'5 cmla jQ jD;a; pdmhla ^m%udKj;a
.ska hqla;& wkak'
mshjr 3 : by; mshjr 2 ys ksudKh l< jD;a; pdmh fokh jk fia A flaka
lrf.k wrh fikagr 4'3la jQ ;j;a jD;a; pdmhla wkak'
mshjr 4 : jD;a; pdm fol fokh jQ ,laIHh C f,i k lr A yd C ;a B yd C
;a hd lsfuka ABC ;s%fldaKh imQK lrkak'

40x

2.5 cm

12' rEmfha oelafjk AB yd CD ir, fLd O ys fokh

f'
(i) AB yd CD ir, fLd folg iu ka msys ,laIHj,
m:h ksudKh lrkak'
(ii) tu m:h iuka; jk fLd fol w;r fldaKfhys
w.h lSh o@

;s%fldaKhlg mdo ;=kla yd fldaK ;=kla we;' ;s%fldaKhl mdo yd fldaK tys
wx. f,i yekaf' wx. ;=kla we;sg ;s%fldaKhla ksudKh l< yels wjia:d
;=kla wOHhkh lruq'

A
C

4.3 cm

5.5 cm

B
A

6 cm

116

117

2' mdo foll . yd wka;.; fldaKfha w.h ka g

ksoiqk 2
o jQ PQR ;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'
PQ = 7 cm o QR = 5 cm o
x
mshjr 1 : 60 l fldaKhla ksudKh lr tys YSIh Q f,i k lrkak' fuu
fldaKfha ndyqj, . we;s mdoj, .j,g jvd je h hq;= h'
mshjr 2 : fuu fldaKfhys tla ndyqjla u; 7 cm . QP fLd LKavhl=;a wfkla
ndyqj u; 5 cm . QR fLd LKavhl=;a ksudKh lrkak'

^rEmh n,kak&
mshjr 3: P yd R hd lr PQR ;%sfldaKh imQK lrkak'

60x

45x
6.5 cm

28'2 wNHdih
1' mdohl . 6 cmla jQ ABC iumdo ;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'
2'
PQ = 8 cm o PR = QR = 6 cm o jQ PQR iuoamdo ;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'
3' (i) KL = 7'2 cm o LM = 6'5 cm o KM = 5 cm o jQ KLM ;s%fldaKh ksudKh
lrkak'
(ii) ;s%fldaKfha tla tla fldaKfha Yd,;ajh uek ,shkak'

5 cm

= 90x o BC = 4 cm o jQ ABC ;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

4' (i) AB = 6 cm o
(ii) AC mdofha . uek ,shkak'
(iii) AB, BC yd AC mdo w;r inkaOhla ,shd olajkak'
(iv) tu.ska
i|yd wdikak w.hla ,nd .kak'

60x

7 cm

>

3' fldaK foll w.h yd mdohl . ka g

= 45x o

= 60x o jQ

>

XY = 6'5 cm o

>

ksoiqk 3
;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

>

mshjr 1 : 6'5 cm . fLd LKavhla ksudKh lr th XY f,i k lrkak'

= 45x jk m
fldaKhla ksudKh lrkak'
mshjr 2 : Y ys
mshjr 3 : X ys
= 60x jk m
fldaKhla ksudKh lrkak'
mshjr 4 : YA yd XB fLd fokh jk ,laIHh Z f,i k lrkak' tg
hkq
wjYH ;s%fldaKhhs'
igyk( by; ksoiqfkys mdohl .;a" tu mdofhys fofl<jr YSI f,i msys
fldaK;a ;snq' fofl<jr fldaKhla fkdue;s g l< hq;af;a uq,ska u tu
flf<jr YSIh jk fldaKfha w.h fidhd .ekSuhs ^;%sfldaKhl fldaK ;=fkys
tl;=j 180x ksid&'
118

5' (i) XY = 5 cm o XYZ = 75x o YZ = 6 cm o jQ XYZ ;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

(ii) XZ mdofha . uek ,shkak'
(iii)
ys w.h uek ,shkak'
6' (i) RS = 6'5 cm o
= 120x o RT = 5 cm o jQ SRT ;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'
(ii) SR mdohg iudka;rj T yryd fLdjla ksudKh lrkak'
7' DE = 6'8 cm o

= 60x o

= 90x o jQ DEF ;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

8' (i) AB = 6 cm o
= 105x o BC = 4'5 cm o jQ ABC ;s%fldaKh ksudKh
lrkak'
(ii) tu.ska ABCD iudka;rdi%h ksudKh lrkak'
(iii) AC lKfha . uek ,shkak'

119

9' (i) QR = 7 cm o
= 60x o
= 75x o jQ PQR ;s%fldaKh ksudKh lrkak'
(ii) P isg QR g ,nhla ksudKh lr tys wh S f,i k lrkak'
(iii) PS ys . uek ,shkak'
10' (i) KL = 6'5 cm o
= 75x o LM = 5 cm o jQ KLM ;s%fldaKh ksudKh
lrkak'
(ii) K yd M ,laIHj,g iuka msysgk fia o MN = 4 cm o jk fia N
,laIHhla fidhd KLMN p;=ri%h ksudKh lrkak'
(iii)
ys w.h uek ,shkak'

S
C

>

mshjr 1 : A yd C yryd .uka lrk ir, fLdj wkak'

mshjr 2 : A flakah f,i f.k
u; jD;a; pdmhla wkak' th PQ f,i
k lrkak'
mshjr 3 : tu wrhu iys;j ^tk" ljlgqj fjkia fkdlr&" C flakah
fldgf.k lal< AC,S ys fokh jk fia ;j;a jD;a; pdmhla
wkak'
mshjr 4 : PQys .g iudk RS .la fojk jD;a; pdmh u; ,l=Kq lrkak'
fldaKh
mshjr 5 : CR hd jk fia CD fLdj wkak' tg ,efnk RCS
g iudk wkqrEm fldaKhla jk ksid AB yd CD fLd iudka;r
f'

120

2 l%uh ^tAldka;r fldaK weiqfrka&

we;s fLdj AB hehs o ndysr ,laIHh C hehs o is;uq'
C

ys; p;=ri%h yd ir, odrh Nd;fhka iudka;r fLd ksudKh lrk wdldrh
g fmr Tn wOHhkh lr we;' oeka ljlgqj yd ir, odrh Nd;fhka iudka;r
fLd ksudKh lrk wdldrh wOHhkh lruq'

1 l%uh ^wkqrEm fldaK weiqfrka&

we;s fLdj AB hehs o ndysr ,laIHh C hehs o is;uq'

28'3 iudka;r fLd yd tA wdY%s; ksudK

1' ir, fLdjlg ndyska msys ,laIHhla yryd tu fLdjg iudka;r fLdjla
ksudKh lsu'

>

mshjr 1
: AC hd lrkak'
mshjr 2
: A flakah f,i f.k
u; jD;a; pdmhla wkak' th PQ f,i
klrkak'
mshjr 3
: PQ jD;a; pdmhg wrfhka iudk jD;a; pdmhla C flaka lrf.k
AC fokh jk fia wkak' fok ,laIHh S f,i k lrkak'
mshjr 4
: PQg iudk .la S flaka fldgf.k fojk jD;a; pdmh u; ,l=Kq
lrkak' tu fok ,laIHh R f,i k lrkak'
fldaKh
mshjr 5
: CR hdjk fia CD fLdj wkak' tg ,efnk RCS
g
iudk taldka;r fldaKhla jk ksid AB yd CD fLd iudka;r f'
D

>

C
x
S

x
P

>

121

3 l%uh
we;s fLdj AB hehso ndysr ,laIHh C hehs o is;uq'

3' iudka;r fLd w;r r 4 cm jk m iudka;r fLd folla ksudKh lrkak'

tys tlla u; AB = 7 cm jk m A yd B ,laIH ,l=Kq lrkak' BC = 5 cm jk
m C ,laIHh wfkla fLdj u; ,l=Kq lr CD = 4 cm jk m D ,laIHh C
msys fLdj u;u ,l=Kq lr ACDB p;=ri%h imQK lrkak' th ;%mSishula
nj kslaIKh lrkak'

mshjr 1 :
mshjr 2 :

mshjr 3 :
mshjr 4 :

mshjr 5 :

A
B
ljlgqj Nd;fhka C flakah f,i f.k AB fLdj fokh jk
fia jD;a; pdmhla wkak' fok ,laIh P f,i k lrkak'
uq,a jD;a; pdmfha wrhu f.k ^CP wrh fkdfjkiaj ;nd .kska&
P flakah lrf.k" ;j;a jD;a; pdmhla u.ska AB fokh lrkak'
fok ,laIHh Q f,i k lrkak'
Q flaka lr .kska uq,a wrhu iys;j ;j;a jD;a; pdmhla AB j,ska
C msys me;af;a wkak'
bkamiq C flaka lrf.k uq,a wrhu iys;j mshjr 3 ys jD;a; pdmh
fokh jk fia jD;a; pdmhla wkak' fok ,laIHh R f,i k
lrkak'
CR hd lrkak' tg CR fLdj AB fLdjg iudka;r f'
C

>

28'3 wNHdih
1' kEu iq fldaKhla we| th
fLdjla ksudKh lrkak'

2' uyd fldaKhla we| th

f,i k lrkak' PQ fLdjg iudka;rj R yryd
iudka;r fLdjla ksudKh lrkak'
3' mdohl . 6 cmla jQ iup;=ri%hla ksudKh lrkak'
4' . 6'5 cmla o m<, 4 cmla o jQ iDcqfldaKdi%hla ksudKh lr th ABCD f,i
k lrkak' tys AC lKh we`o tl tlla ACg iudka;r jk fia B yd D
yryd fLd 2la ksudKh lrkak'
5' AB = 6 cm o
= 120x o BC = 5 cm o jQ ABCD iudka;rdi%h ksudKh
lrkak'
6' KL = 7 cm o

>

igyk: PQRC p;=ri%h imQK l< g frdnihla ,efnk nj kslaIKh

lrkak'

f,i k lrkak' C yryd ABg iudka;r

= 60x o jQ KLMN frdnih ksudKh lrkak'

7' (i) wrh 3 cmla jQ jD;a;hla we| flakah O f,i k lrkak'

(ii) tys 4 cmla . cHdhla we| th PQ f,i k lrkak'
(iii) PO hd lr th jD;a;hg kej; R ys yuqjk fia la lrkak'
(iv) R yryd PQg iudka;r fLdjla ksudKh lrkak'

l%shdldrlu
iudka;r fLd wdY%s; ksudK ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug my; l%shdldrlf
fhfokak'
1' 60xl fldaKhla ksudKh lr tys YSIh A f,i k lrkak' fuu fldaKfhys
tla ndyqjla u; 8 cm . AB fLd LKavhl=;a wfkla ndyqj u; 5 cm .
AC fLd LKavhl=;a ksudKh lrkak' oeka ljlgqj wdOdrfhka ABDC
iudka;rdi%h imQK lrkak'
2' iudka;r fLd w;r r 4 cm jk m jQ iudka;r fLd folla ksudKh
lrkak' tla fLdjla u; AB = 7 cm jk m A yd B ,laIH ,l=Kq lrkak'
AC = 5 cm jk m C ,laIHh wfkla fLdj u; ,l=Kq lrkak' oeka ABDC
iudka;rdi%h imQK lrkak'
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