Early Settlement Events

Megan Flanagan

#1: Indus Valley

Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization
(3300-1300 BCE; mature period 2600-1900 BCE) extending from
what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest
India.
The Indus Civilization may have had a population of over five
million.
Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new
techniques such as: carnelian products, seal carving using
copper, bronze, lead, and tin.
The Indus cities are known for their urban planning, baked brick
houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and
clusters of large non-residential buildings.
http://www.crystalinks.com/induscivilization.html

#2: The First Muslim

Dynasties
The 9th and 10th centuries witnessed the rise of
numerous local Islamic dynasties.
One of the earliest was the hirids of Khorsn,
whose kingdom included Balkh and Hert; they
established virtual independence from the Abbsid
Caliphate in 820. The hirids were succeeded in
867869 by a native dynasty from Sstn, the
affrids.

http://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan/Culturallife#ref261364

#3: The Mongol

Invasion
Genghis Khan invaded the eastern part of Al al-Dns
empire in 1219. Avoiding a battle, Al al-Dn retreated to
a small island in the Caspian Sea, where he died in 1220.
Soon after Al al-Dns death, his energetic son Jall alDn Mingburnu rallied the Afghan highlanders at Parwan,
near Kabul, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the
Mongols under Kutikonian.
There utugen was killed, which began an event so
significant to Genghis Khan that when he captured the
citadel he ordered that no living will be spared.
http://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan/Culturallife#ref261364

#4: The Kushans

The Kushns were patrons of the arts and of religion.
A major branch of the Silk Road, which carried luxury
goods and facilitated the exchange of ideas between
Rome, India, and China passed through Afghanistan,
where a transshipment centre existed at Balkh.
The worlds largest Buddha figures (175 feet and 120
feet tall) were carved into a cliff at Bamiyan in the
central mountains of Afghanistan during the 4th and
5th centuries. The statues were destroyed in 2001 by
the countrys ruling Taliban.
http://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan/Culturallife#ref261364

#5: The Sasanids And

Hephthalites
The Kushn empire did not long survive Kanika,
though for centuries Kushn princes continued to
rule in various provinces.
Persian Ssnids established control over parts of
Afghanistan, including Bagrm, in 241 ce. In 400 a
new wave of Central Asian nomads under the
Hephthalites took control, only to be defeated in 565
by a coalition of Ssnids and Western Turks.

http://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan/Culturallife#ref261364