Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and
SPE METRIC STANDARD
Contents
,.................................... .........
........................................................
............................................
Application of the Metric System. ...................... . ....... .........
Rules for Conversion and Rounding. ....................... . .... .........
2
2
3
5
Preface .
.
Part
Introduction.
.............................. 21
........................................................ 21
.................................... ......... 2 2
Unit Standards Under Discussion......................................... 2 4
Notes for Table 2.2
25
Notes for Table 2.3 .................................................... 25
Introduction.
Second Printing
June 1984
Copyright 1984, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME. Printed in
U . S.A. This publication or any parts thereof may not be reproduced
by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher:
Society of Petroleum Engineers, P .O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX
75083-3836. Contact the publisher for additional copies, individual
or in bulk, of this publication.
Preface
The SPE Board in June 1982 endorsed revisions to "SPE
Tentative Metric Standard" (Dec . 1 977 lPT, Pages
1 575- 1 6 1 1 ) and adopted it for implementation as this
" SPE Metric Standard. "
The following standard is the final product of 12 years'
work by the Symbols and Metrication Committee.
Members of the current Metrication Subcommittee in
clude John M . Campbell , chairman, John M. Campbell
& Co . ; Robert A. Campbell , Magnum Engineering Inc . ;
Robert E . Carlile, Texas Tech U . ; J . Donald Clark,
petroleum consultant; Hank Groeneveld, Mobil Oil
Canada; Terry Pollard, retired, ex-officio member; and
Howard B . Bradley , professional/technical training
consultant.
With very few exceptions, the units shown are those
SI Unit Prefixes8
TABLE 1 .1
Base Quantity or
"Dimension"
length
mass
time
electric current
thermodynamic temperature
amount of substance
luminous intensity
SI Unit Symbol
("Abbreviation").
Use Roman
(Upright) Type
SI Unit
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
molet
candela
m
kg
s
A
K
mol
cd
SPE
Letter Symbol
for Mathematical
Equations.
Use Italic
(Sloping) Type
L
I
T
The seven base units, two supplementary units and other terms are defined i n Appendixes A and S, Part 1.
""SPE heretofore has arbHrarily used charge q, the product of electric current and time, as a basic dimension. In unH symbols this would be A's; in SPE mathematical symbols, for.
tWhen the mole is used, the elementary entHies must be specified; they may be atoms, molecules, Ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such particles. I n petroleum work,
the terms "kilogram mole," "pound mole," etc .. often are shortened erroneously to "mole."
TABLE 1 .2
Supplementary Quantity or
" Dimension"
plane angle
solid angle
SI SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS
SI Unit Symbol
("Abbreviation").
Use Roman
(Upright) Type
S I Unit
rad
sr
radian
steradian
"The seven base units, two supplementary unHs, and other terms are defined in Appendixes A and S, Part 1 .
"ISO specifies these two angles as dimensionless wHh respect to the seven base quantHies.
SPE
Letter Symbol
for Mathematical
Equations.
Use Italic
(Sloping) Type
e
n
TABLE 1 .3
Quantity
51 Unit Symbol
("Abbreviation"),
Use Roman Type
Unit
absorbed dose
acceleration
activity (of radionuclides)
angular acceleration
angular velocity
area
Celsius temperature
density
dose equivalent
electric capacitance
electric charge
electrical conductance
electric field strength
electric inductance
electric potential
electric resistance
electromotive force
energy
entropy
force
frequency
illuminance
luminance
luminous flux
magnetic field strength
magnetic flux
magnetic flux density
potential difference
power
pressure
quantity of electricity
quantity of heat
radiant flux
radiant intensity
specifiC heat
stress
thermal conductivity
velocity
viscosity, dynamic
viscosity, kinematic
voltage
volume
wavenumber
work
gray
meter per second squared
becquerel
radian per second squared
radian per second
square meter
degree Celsius
kilogram per cubic meter
sievert
farad
coulomb
siemens
volt per meter
henry
volt
ohm
volt
joule
joule per kelvin
newton
hertz
lux
candela per square meter
lumen
ampere per meter
weber
tesla
volt
watt
pascal
coulomb
joule
watt
watt per steradian
joule per kilogram kelvin
pascal
watt per meter kelvin
meter per second
pascal second
square meter per second
volt
cubic meter
1 per meter
joule
Gy
Bq
Sv
F
C
5
H
V
J
Hz
Ix
1m
Wb
T
V
W
Pa
C
J
W
Pa
V
J
Formula,
Use Roman Type
Jlkg
m/s2
1 /s
rad/s2
rad/s
m2
K
kg/m"
J/kg
. A'sN (=CN)
As
AN
VIm
Vs/A (=Wb/A)
W/A
VIA
W/A
N'm
J/K
kgm/s2
1 /s
Im/m2
cd/m2
cd'sr
AIm
V's
Wb/m2
W/A
J/s
N/m2
As
N'm
J/s
W/sr
J(kg'K)
N/m2
W/(mK)
m/s
Pas
m2/s
W/A
m"
1 1m
N'm
'In 1964, the General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted Ier as a special name for the cubic decimeter but discouraged the
use of Ier for volume measurement of extreme precision (sse Appendix B).
TABLE 1 .4
SI UNIT PREFIXES
51 Prefix
SI
Prefix
Multiplication Factor
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 =
1 000 000 000 000 000 =
1 000 000 000 000 =
1 000 000 000 =
1 000 000 =
1 000
1 00 =
10
0.1
0.01
0.001 =
0.000 001
0.000 000 001 =
0.000 000 000 001
0.000 000 000 000 001 =
=
1 0'8
1 0' 5
1 0'2
1 09
1 06
1 0"
1 02
10
1 0- 1
1 0-2
1 0-"
1 0 -8
1 0-9
1 0- 12
1 0-15
Symbol,
Use Roman
Type
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto;
deka;
deci;
centi;
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
E
P
T
G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m
atto
II.
n
p
f
Meaning
In Other
Countries
Pronunciation (U.S.)
Meaning ( U .S.)
ex' a (a as in a bout)
as inp etal
as in terra ce
jig' a (a as in a bout)
as in mega phone
as in kilo watt
heck' toe
deck' a (a as in a bout)
as in deci mal
as in senti ment
as in military
as in micro phone
nan ' oh (an as in an t)
peek' oh
fem' toe (fem as in
fem inine)
as in anato my
trillion
thousand billion
billion
milliard
trillionth
milliardth
billionth
thousand billionth
'The first syllable of every prefix is accented to assure that the prefix will retain its identity. Therefore, the preferred pronunciation of kilometer places the accent on the first syllable, not the
second.
"Approved by the 1 5th General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM), May-June 1 975.
tThesa terms should be avoided in technical writing because the denominations above 1 million are different in most other countries, as indicated in the last column.
*While hecto, deka, deci, and centi are S l prefixes, their use generally should be avoided except for the SI un muHiples for area, volume, moment, and nontechnical use of centimeter, as
for body and clothing measurement.
1 000
1 00
10
0 . 01
0 . 00 1
0 . 000 1 .
Examples
or divided.
The rule for addition and subtraction is that the answer
shall contain no significant digits farther to the right than
occurs in the least precise number. Consider the addition
of three numbers drawn from three sources, the first of
which reported data in millions , the second in thousands,
and the third in units :
Examples :
4 .463 25 if rounded
8 . 376 52 if rounded
4 . 365 00 if rounded
4 . 355 0 0 if rounded
1 63 000 000
217 900 000
96 400 000
Division:
Addition:
Subtraction:
I psi = 7 kPa.
For conversion factors see Table 1 . 7 .
Special Length Unit-the Vara. Table 1 . 8 , Appendix
E, provides conversion factors and.explanatory notes on
the problems of converting the several kinds of vara units
to meters .
Rounding Values10
Tolerance
(OF)
Multiplication:
to
to
to
to
::!:1
::!:2
::!:5
::!:10
::!:15
::!:20
::!:25
unchanged
increased by 1
unchanged if even ,
increased by 1 if odd
Tolerance
( K or C)
::!:O.5
::!:1
::!:3
::!:5.5
::!:8.5
::!: 11
::!:14
'Unless a number of rounded values are to appear in a given problem, most roundings
conform to the first two procedures - i.e., rounding upward when the first digit dis
carded is 5 or higher.
IntI. Standard
Metric
Practice
Guide
for
the
Canadian
References**
Washington, D.C.
Washington,
D.C.
(1981).
(Order
by
SD
Catalog
No.
C\3.1O:330/3.)
ISO
APPENDIX A3
Terminology
Charts.)
8. Metric Editorial Guide, third edition, American Natl. Metric
Council (ANMC), Washington, D.C. (July 1981).
9. "'General Principles Concerning Quantities, Units and Symbols,"
Term
atomic weight
(SPE Symbols Standard)
atomic weight
(elsewhere)
equivalent
mass of molecule
molar
molarity
molecular weight
(SPE Symbols Standard)
molecular weight
(elsewhere)
normal - obsolete
Dimensions
(ISO Symbols,
See Table 1 . 1 )
M
Term
mass of atom
SI U nit
Symbol
kg
Dimensionless
mol
kg
1 /mol
mol/m3
kg/mol
APPENDIX B3
SI Units
Advantages of SI Units
Physical Quantity
Absorbed dose
Activity
Celsius temperature
Dose equivalent
Electric capacitance
10
Electric
conductance
Electric inductance
Electric potential
difference , elec
tromotive force
Electric resistance
Energy
Force
Frequency
Illuminance
Luminous flux
Magnetic flux
Magnetic flux
density
magnetic induction
Power
Pressure or stress
Electric charge,
quantity of
electricity
APPENDIX C3 , 8*
Style Guide for Metric Usage
Rules for Writing Metric Quantities
Capitals. Units- Unit names , including prefixes, are not
capitalized except at the beginning of a sentence or in
titles . Note that for " degree Celsius" the word
"degree" is lower case ; the modifier " Celsius " is
always capitalized. The " degree centrigrade" is now
obsolete .
Symbols- The short forms for metric units are called
unit symbols . They are lower case except that the first
letter is upper case when the unit is named for a person .
(An exception to this rule in the U . S . is the symbol L for
liter. )
Examples :
Unit Name
Unit Symbol
meter* *
gram
newton
pascal
m
g
N
Pa
11
Values less than one take the singular fonn of the unit
name; for example, 0 . 5 kilogram or 'h kilogram. While
decimal notation (0. 5 , 0 . 35 , 6 . 87) is generally preferred,
the most simple fractions are acceptable, such as those
where the denominator is 2 , 3 , 4, or 5 .
Symbols o f units are the same i n singular and
plural-e . g . , 1 m and 1 00 m .
4,720,525
0. 52875
6 , 875
0. 6875
For
For
For
For
write
write
write
write
4 720 525
0 . 528 75
6875 or 6 875
0. 6875 or
0. 687 5
The spellings "metre" and " l itre" are preferred by ISO but "meter" and " liter" are
official u.s. government spell ings.
1P
12
= ( 1 O - 2 m) 3
= ( 1 0 - 9 s) - 1
= ( 1 0 - 3 m) 2 /s
= 1O - 6 m 3
= 10 9 s - 1
= 1 O - 5 m 2 /s
candela
joule
pascal
siemens
"
"
13
T o Convert From
pound-force per
square foot
pound-force per
square inch
inch
To
Multiply By
Pa
4 . 788 026 E + O l
Pa
m
6 . 894 757 E + 03
2 . 540*
E - 02
APPENDIX D
General Conversion Factors*
General
' Based on ASTM Pub. E380-82 (ReI. 3); values 01 conversion lactors tabulated
herewith are identical with those in E38082; generally similar material is lound i n
ReI. 4. Conversion values i n earlier editions 0 1 E 380 (lor example. E 380-74) are
based on ReI. 1 5. which has available some lactors with more than seven digits.
Notation
14
To Convert From
Multiply By"
abampere
abcoulomb
abfarad
abhenry
abmho
ampere (A)
coulomb (C)
farad (F)
henry (H)
siemens (5)
1 .0'
1 .0"
1 .0'
1 . 0'
1 .0'
E + Ol
E + 09
E - 09
E + 09
abohm
abvolt
acrefoot (U.S. survey)" )
acre (U.S. survey)" )
ampere hour
ohm (0)
volt (V)
meter3 (ma)
meter2 (m2)
coulomb (C)
1.0'
1.0'
1 .233 489
4 . 046 873
3 .6"
E - 09
E - 08
E + 03
E + 03
E + 03
are
angstrom
astronomical unit
atmosphere (standard)
atmosphere (technical
meter2 (m2)
meter (m)
meter (m)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
1 . 0'
1 .0"
1 .495 979
1 .013 250'
9 .806 650"
E + 02
E-l0
E+ll
E + 05
E + 04
pascal (Pa)
meter2 (m2)
meter3 (ma)
meter3 (ma)
1 . 0'
1 . 0"
1 .589 873
2.359 737
E + 05
E - 28
E - Ol
E - 03
joule
joule
joule
joule
joule
joule
1 .055 056
E + 03
1 . 055
1 .054
1 . 059
1 .054
1 . 054
87
350
67
80
68
E + 03
E + 03
1 . 730 735
E + OO
1 . 729 577
E + OO
1 .442 279
E - Ol
1 .441 314
E - Ol
5. 192 204
E + 02
5. 1 88 732
E + 02
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
2 . 930
2.928
1 . 757
1 . 054
711
751
250
350
E - Ol
E - Ol
1 . 1 35
1 . 1 34
3 . 1 82
1 .891
1 . 1 34
653
893
48 1
489
893
E + 04
E + 04
E + OO
E + 02
E + 04
Btu (thermochemical)/(in.2-s)
Btu ( International Table)/(hr-ft2-0F)
(thermal conductance)
Btu (thermochemical)/(hr-ft2-0F)
(thermal conductance)
Btu (International Table)/(s-ft2_OF)
Btu (thermochemical)/(s-ft2-0F)
1 .634 246
E + 06
5.678 263
E + OO
5.674 466
2.044 175
2.042 808
E + OO
E + 04
E + 04
2. 326"
2.324 444
E + 03
E + 03
4. 186 8'
E + 03
4. 184 000
E + 03
bar
barn
barrel (for petroleum,
board foot
British thermal
British thermal
British thermal
British thermal
British thermal
British thermal
42
kgf/cm2)
gal)
(International Table)/hr
(thermochemical)/hr
(thermochemical)/min
(thermochemical)/s
(J)
(J)
(J)
(J)
(J)
(J)
E + Ol
E + 03
E + 03
E + 03
E + Ol
E + 03
15
meter'l (m3)
meter (m)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
Ml:lltil B""
3.523 907 E - 02
2.54"
E - 02
4 . 1 86 8"
E + oo
4 . 1 90 02 E + OO
4.1 84"
E + oo
calorie ( 1 5C)
calorie (20"C)
calorie (kilogram, International Table)
calorie (kilogram, mean)
calorie (kilogram, thermochemical)
joule
joule
joule
joule
joule
4 . 1 85 80
4. 1 81 90
4. 1 86 8"
4. 1 90 02
4.1 84"
E + OO
E + oo
E + 03
E + 03
E + 03
cal
cal
cal
cal
cal
joule
joule
joule
joule
joule
4 . 1 84"
4 . 1 86"
4 . 1 84"
4. 1 86 8"
4 . 1 84"
E + 04
E + 03
E + 03
E + 03
E + 03
cal (thermochemical)/min
cal (thermochemical)/s
cal (thermochemical)/(cm'min)
cal (thermochemical)/(cm2s)
cal (thermochemical)/(cm's'C)
capture unit (c. u.
1 0 -3 cm - ' )
6.973 333
4 . 1 84"
6.973 333
4 . 1 84"
4 . 1 84"
1 .0"
E - 02
E + OO
E + 02
E + 04
E + 02
E - Ol
carat (metric)
centimeter of mercury (OC)
centimeter of water (4C)
centipoise
centistokes
kilogram (kg)
pascal (Pa)
pascal ( Pa)
pascal second (Pas)
meter'! per second (m2/s)
2.0"
1 .333 22
9.806 38
1 .0"
1 .0"
E - 04
E + 03
E + Ol
E - 03
E - 06
circular mil
clo
cup
curie
cycle per second
meter'! (m2)
kelvin meter'! per watt [(Km2)1W)
meter'l (m3)
becquerel (Bq)
hertz (Hz)
5.067 075
2.003 71 2
2.365 882
3.7"
1 .0"
E- l0
E - Ol
E - 04
E + l0
E + OO
second (s)
second (s)
radian (rad)
8.640 000 E + 04
8.61 6 409 E + 04
1 .745 329 E - 02
degree Celsius
degree centigrade (see degree Celsius)
degree Fahrenheit
degree Fahrenheit
degree Rankine
kelvin (K)
TK
degree Celsius
kelvin (K)
kelvin (K)
T.c
TK
TK
(thermochemical)/cm2
(International Table)/g
(thermochemical)/g
( International Table)/(g'oC)
(thermochemical)/(g'C)
To
(J)
(J)
(J)
(J)
(J)
=
=
=
Toe + 273. 1 5
(T'F - 32)/1 .8
(T'F + 459.67)/1 .8
T J l .8
.
1 .781 1 02 E - O l
1 .762 250
1 .1 1 1 1 1 1
1 .0"
1 .0"
1 .0"
1 .602 1 9
E - Ol
E - 07
E - 05
E - 07
E - Ol
E-19
EMU of capacitance
EMU of current
EMU of electric potential
EMU of inductance
EMU of resistance
farad (F)
ampere (A)
volt (V)
henry (H)
ohm (0)
1 .0"
1 .0"
1 .0"
1 .0"
1 .0"
E + 09
E + Ol
E - 08
E - 09
E - 09
ESU of capacitance
ESU of current
ESU of electric potential
ESU of inductance
ESU of resistance
farad (F)
ampere (A)
volt (V)
henry (H)
ohm (0)
1 . 1 1 2 650
3.335 6
2.997 9
8.987 554
8.987 554
E-12
E-l0
E + 02
E+ 11
E+ 1 1
erg
erg/cm2.s
erg/s
faraday (based on carbon- 1 2)
faraday (chemical)
faraday (physical)
fathom
fermi (femtometer)
fluid ounce (U.S.)
joule (J)
watt per meter'! (W/m2)
watt (W)
coulomb (C)
coulomb (C)
coulomb (C)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter'l (m3)
1 .0"
1 .0"
1 .0"
9.648 70
9.649 57
9.652 1 9
1 .828 8
1 .0"
2.957 353
E - 07
E - 03
E - 07
E + 04
E + 04
E + 04
E + OO
E-15
E - 05
foot
foot (U.S. survey)I'J
meter (m)
meter (m)
3.048"
E - Ol
3.048 006 E - O l
16
To
pascal (Pa)
meter2 (m2)
meter2 per second (m2/s)
meter2 per second (m2/s)
Multiply By"
2.988 98 E + 03
9.290 304* E - 02
2.580 640* E - 05
9.290 304* E - 02
meters (m3)
meters per second (m3/s)
meters per second (m3/s)
meter' (m4)
2.831 685
4.71 9 474
2.831 685
8.630 975
E - 02
E - 04
E - 02
E - 03
ftlhr
ftlmin
ftls
ftls2
footcandle
footlambert
8.466 667
5.080*
3.048*
3.048*
1 .076 391
3.426 259
E - 05
E - 03
E - 01
E - 01
E + 01
E + OO
ft-Ibf
ft-Ibf/hr
ft-Ibf/min
ft-Ibf/s
ft-poundal
free fall, standard (g)
joule (J)
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
joule (J)
meter per second2 (m/s2)
1 .355 81 8
3.766 1 61
2.259 697
1 .355 81 8
4.21 4 01 1
9.806 650*
E + OO
E - 04
E - 02
E + OO
E - 02
E + OO
cmls2
gallon (Canadian liquid)
gallon (U.K. liquid)
gallon (U.S. dry)
gallon (U.S. liquid)
gal (U.S. Iiquid)/day
gal (U.S. Iiquid)/min
gal (U.S. Iiquid)/hp-hr
(SFC, specific fuel consumption)
1 .0*
4.546 090
4.546 092
4.404 884
3.785 4 1 2
4.381 264
6.309 020
E - 02
E - 03
E - 03
E - 03
E - 03
E - 08
E - 05
1 .41 0 089 E - 09
7.957 747
1 .0*
1 .0*
7.957 747
1 .420 654
1 . 1 82 941
grad
grad
grain ( 1 17000 Ibm avoirdupois)
grain (Ibm avoirdupoisl7ooo)/gal
(U.S. liquid)
degree (angular)
radian (rad)
kilogram (kg)
E - 01
9.0*
1 .570 796 E - 02
6.479 89 1 * E - 05
1 .71 1 806 E - 02
gram
g/cm3
gram-force/cm2
hectare
horsepower ( 550 ft-Ibf/s)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram per meters (kg/m3)
pascal (Pa)
meter2 (m2)
watt (W)
1 .0*
1 .0*
9.806 650*
1 .0*
7.456 999
E - 03
E + 03
E + 01
E + 04
E + 02
horsepower (boiler)
horsepower (electric)
horsepower (metric)
horsepower (water)
horsepower (U.K.)
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
9.809 50
7.460*
7.354 99
7.460 43
7.457 0
E + 03
E + 02
E + 02
E + 02
E + 02
second (s)
second (s)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)
3.600 000
3.590 1 70
5 .080 235
4.535 924
E + 03
E + 03
E + 01
E + 01
inch
inch of mercury ( 32F )
inch of mercury ( 60F )
inch of water (39.2F )
inch of water ( 60F )
meter (m)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
2.54*
3.386 38
3 .376 85
2.490 82
2.488 4
E - 02
E + 03
E + 03
E + 02
E + 02
sq in.
cu in. (volume; section modulus)(4)
in.3/min
in.4 (moment of section)(3)
meter2 (m2)
meters (m3)
meters per second (m3/s)
meter' (m4)
6.451 6*
1 .638 706
2.731 1 77
4 . 1 62 3 1 4
E - 04
E - 05
E - 07
E - 07
in.!s
in.!s2
kayser
kelvin
2 .54*
2.54*
1 .0*
(3) This sometimes is called the moment of inertia of a plane section about a specified axis.
(4) The exact conversion factor is 1 . 638 706 4"E - 05.
17
T.c
E - 04
E - 09
E - 04
E - 01
E - 04
E - 04
E - 02
E - 02
E + 02
TK - 273. 1 5
kilocalorie
kilocalorie
kilocalorie
kilocalorie
kilocalorie
To Convert From
(International Table)
(mean)
(thermochemical)
(thermochemical)/min
(thermochemical)/s
Multil B**
4 . 1 86 8*
E + 03
4.1 90 02 E + 03
4 . 1 84*
E + 03
6.973 333 E + 0 1
4. 1 84*
E + 03
kilogram-force (kgf)
kgfm
kgf's2/m (mass)
kgf/cm2
kgf/m2
kgf/mm2
newton (N)
newton meter (N'm)
kilogram (kg)
pascal ( Pa)
pascal (Pa)
pascal ( Pa)
9.806 65*
9.806 65*
9.806 65*
9.806 65*
9.806 65*
9.806 65*
E + OO
E + OO
E + OO
E + 04
E + OO
E + 06
km/h
kilopond
kilowatthour (kW-hr)
kip ( 1 000 Ibf)
kip/in.2 (ksi)
knot (international)
2.777 778
9.806 65*
3.6*
4.448 222
6.894 757
5. 1 44 444
E - 01
E + OO
E + 06
E + 03
E + 06
E - 01
lambert
lambert
langley
league
light year
Iiter5)
1 hr*
E + 04
3 . 1 83 099 E + 03
4 . 1 84*
E + 04
(see Footnote 1 )
9.460 55 E + 1 5
E - 03
1 .0*
maxwell
mho
microinch
microsecond/foot (j.LSIft)
micron
mil
weber (Wb)
siemens (S)
meter (m)
microsecond/meter (foLs/m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
1 .0*
1 .0*
2.54*
3.280 840
1 .0*
2.54*
E - 08
E + OO
E - 08
E + OO
E - 06
E - 05
mile (international)
mile (statute)
mile (U.S. survey)(')
mile (international nautical)
mile ( U . K. nautical)
mile (U.S. nautical)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
1 .609 344*
1 .609 3
1 .609 347
1 .852*
1 .853 1 84*
1 .852*
E + 03
E + 03
E + 03
E + 03
E + 03
E + 03
sq mile (international)
sq mile (U.S. survey)(')
mile/hr (international)
mile/hr (intemational)
mile/min (international)
mile/s (international)
meterZ (m2)
meterZ (m2)
meter per second (m/s)
kilometer per hour (km/h)
meter per second (m/s)
meter per second (m/s)
2.589 988
2.589 998
4.470 4*
1 .609 344*
2.682 24*
1 .609 344*
E + 06
E + 06
E - 01
E + OO
E + 01
E + 03
millibar
millimeter of mercury (OC)
minute (angle)
minute (mean solar)
minute (sidereal)
month (mean calendar)
pascal (Pa)
pascal ( Pa)
radian (rad)
second (s)
second (s)
second (s)
1 .0*
1 .333 22
2.908 882
6.0*
5.983 61 7
2.628 000
E + 02
E + 02
E - 04
E + 01
E + 01
E + 06
oersted
ohm centimeter
ohm circular-mil per ft
7.957 747 E + 01
E - 02
1 .0*
ounce (avoirdupois)
ounce (troy or apothecary)
ounce (U.K. fluid)
ounce (U.S. fluid)
ounce-force
ozfin.
kilogram (kg)
kilog ram (kg)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
newton (N)
newton meter (N'm)
2.834 952
3 . 1 1 0 348
2.841 307
2.957 353
2.780 1 39
7.061 552
E - 02
E - 02
E - 05
E - 05
E - 01
E - 03
6.236 021
7.489 1 52
1 .729 994
3.051 51 7
3.390 575
3.085 678
8.809 768
E + OO
E + OO
E + 03
E - 01
E - 02
E+ 16
E - 03
pennyweight
perm (C)(6)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram per pascal second meterZ
[kg/(Pas'm2)]
1 .555 1 74 E - 03
1 .662 426 E - 03
5.721 35
E-11
(5) ln 1 964 the General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted the name liter as a special name for the cubic decimeter. Prior to this decision the liter differed Slightly
(previous value. 1 .000 028 dm3) and in expression of precision volume measurement this fact must be kept in mind.
(S) Not the same as reservoir "perm."
18
To
kilogram per pascal second meter2
[kg/(Pas'm2)]
kilogram per pascal second meter
[kg/(Pa's'm)]
kilogram per pascal second meter
[km/(Pas'm)]
Multiply By"
5.745 25
E-11
1 .453 22
E- 12
1 .459 29
E- 12
phot
pica (printer's)
pint (U.S. dry)
pint (U.S. liquid)
point (printer's)
poise (absolute viscosity)
1 .0'
4.21 7 51 8
5.506 1 05
4.731 765
3.51 4 598'
1 .0'
E + 04
E - 03
E - 04
E - 04
E - 04
E - 01
kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram meter2 (kgm2)
kilogram meter2 (kgm2)
4.535 924
3.732 41 7
4.21 4 01 1
2.926 397
E - 01
E - 01
E - 02
E - 04
Ibm/ft-hr
Ibmlft-s
Ibmlft2
Ibm/ft3
Ibm/gal (U.K. liquid)
Ibm/gal (U.S. liquid)
4. 1 33 789
1 .488 1 64
4.882 428
1 .601 846
9.977 633
1 . 1 98 264
E - 04
E + OO
E + OO
E + 01
E + 01
E + 02
Ibm/hr
1 .259 979 E - 04
kilogram
kilogram
kilogram
kilogram
kilogram
pouridal
poundal/ft2
poundal-slft2
newton (N)
pascal (Pa)
pascal second ( Pas)
1 .382 550 E - 01
1 .488 1 64 E + OO
1 .488 1 64 E + OO
pound-force (lbf)19)
Ibf-ft l 1 0)
Ibf-ftlin.(1 1)
Ibf-in. ( 1 1 )
Ibf-in.lin. ( 1 1 )
Ibf-slft2
Ibflft
Ibf/ft2
Ibf/in.
Ibf/in.2 (psi)
Ibfllbm (thrust/weight [mass] ratio)
newton (N)
newton meter (N'm)
newton meter per meter [(N'm)/m)]
newton meter (Nm)
newton meter per meter [(N'm)/m]
pascal second ( Pa's)
newton per meter (N/m)
pascal (Pa)
newton per meter (N/m)
pascal ( Pa)
newton per kilogram (N/kg)
4.448 222
1 .355 81 8
5.337 866
1 . 1 29 848
4.448 222
4.788 026
1 .459 390
4.788 026
1 .751 268
6.894 757
9.806 650
metel'! (m3)
metel'! (m3)
gray (Gy)
1 per pascal second [1 /(Pas)]
meter (m)
coulomb per kilogram (C/kg)
1 . 1 01 221 E - 03
9.463 529 E - 04
1 .0'
E - 02
1 .0'
E + 01
(see Footnote 1 )
2.58
E - 04
second (angle)
second (sidereal)
section
shake
radian (rad)
second (s)
meter2 (m2)
second (s)
4.848 1 37 E - 06
9.972 696 E - 01
(see Footnote 1 )
1 .000 000' E - 08
slug
slug/(ft-s)
slug/ft3
kilogram (kg)
pascal second (Pas)
kilogram per metel'! (kg/m3)
1 .459 390 E + 01
4.788 026 E + 01
5. 1 53 788 E + 02
statampere
statcoulomb
statfarad
stathenry
statmho
ampere (A)
coulomb (C)
farad (F)
henry (H)
siemens (S)
3.335 640
3.335 640
1 . 1 1 2 650
8.987 554
1 . 1 1 2 650
statohm
statvolt
stere
ohm (!l)
volt (V)
metel'! (m3)
8.987 554 E + 1 1
2.997 925 E + 02
1 .0'
E + OO
19
1 .689 659
2.767 990
7.559 873
4.535 924
5.932 764
E - 07
E + 04
E - 03
E - 01
E - 01
E + OO
E + OO
E + 01
E - 01
E + oo
E + 01
E + 01
E + 01
E + 02
E + 03
E + OO
E- 10
E- 10
E- 12
E+11
E- 12
To
candela per meter2 (cd/m2)
meter2 per second (m2/s)
1.0
1.0
E + 04
E - 04
tablespoon
teaspoon
tex
therm
meter" (m3)
meter" (m3)
kilogram per meter (kg/m)
joule (J)
1.478 676
4.928 922
1.0
1.055 056
E - 05
E - 06
E - 06
E + 08
ton (assay)
ton (long, 2,240 Ibm)
ton (metric)
ton (nuclear equivalent of TNT)
ton (refrigeration)
ton (register)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)
joule (J)
watt (W)
meter" (m3)
2.916 667
1.016 047
1.0
3.516 800
2.831 685
E - 02
E + 03
E + 03
E + 09,(1 2)
E + 03
E + OO
kilogram (kg)
kilogram per meter" (kg/m3)
kilogram per second (kg/s)
newton (N)
kilogram (kg)
9.071 847
1.328 939
2.519 958
8.896 444
1.0
E + 02
E + 03
E - 01
E + 03
E + 03
pascal (Pa)
meter2 (m2)
weber (Wb)
joule (J)
joule (J)
watt per meter2 (W/m2)
watt per meter2 (W/m2)
1.333 22
1.256 637
3.60
1.0
1.0
1.550 003
E + 02
1)
E - 07
E + 03
E + OO
E + 04
E + 03
yard
yd2
yd3
yd3/min
meter (m)
meter2 (m2)
meter" (m3)
meter" per second (m3/s)
9. 1 44
8.361 274
7.645 549
E - 01
E - 01
E - 01
1.274 258
E - 02
year (calendar)
year (sidereal)
year (tropical)
second (s)
second (s)
second (s)
3.153 600
3.155 815
3.155 693
E + 07
E + 07
E + 07
Multil:i B:i
4.184
(see Footnote
APPENDIX E
TABLE 1 .8 - CONVERSION FACTORS FOR THE VARA*
Conversion Factor,
Value of
Varas to Meters
Vara in I nches
Location
Argentina, Paraguay
Cadiz, Chile, Peru
California,
except San Francisco
San Francisco
Central America
Colombia
Honduras
Mexico
Portugal, Brazil
Spain, Cuba, Venezuela, Philippine Islands
Texas
Jan. 26, 1801, to Jan. 27, 1838
Jan. 27, 1838 to June 17, 1919, for
surveys of state land made for Land Office
Jan. 27, 1838 to June 17, 1919, on private surveys
(unless changed to 33-1/3 in. by custom arising
to dignity of law and overcoming former law)
June 17, 1919, to present
Source
Ref. 16
Ref. 16
34.12
33.37
8.666
8.476
E - 01
E - 01
33.3720
33.0
33.87
3 1 .5
33.0
43.0
33.38
8.476 49
8.38
8.603
8.00
8.38
8.380
1.09
8.479
E - 01
E - 01
E - 01
E - 01
E - 01
E - 01
E + OO
E - 01
Ref. 16
Ref. 16
Ref. 16
Ref. 16
Ref. 16
Refs. 16 and
Ref. 16
Ref. 17
32.8748
8.350 20
E - 01
Ref.
16
33-1/3
8.466 667
E - 01
Ref.
16
32.8748
33-1/3
8.350 20
8.466 667
E - 01
E - 01
Ref.
Ref.
16
16
17
'It is evident from Ref. 1 6 that accurate defined lengths of the vara varied significantly. acccrding to historical date and locality used. For work requiring accurate
conversions, the user should check closely into the date and location of the surveys involved. with due regard to what local practice may have been at that time
and place.
" This value quoted from Webster's New InternaOonaJ DicOonary.
20
Customary Unit
acre
barrel
British thermal unit
British thermal unit per pound-mass
calorie
centipoise
centistokes
darcy
degree Fahrenheit (temperature difference)
dyne per centimeter
foot
cubic foot (cu tt)
cubic foot per pound-mass (ft3/lbm)
square foot (sq tt)
foot per minute
foot-pound-force
foot-pound-force per minute
foot-pound-force per second
horsepower
horsepower, boiler
inch
kilowatthour
mile
ounce (avoirdupois)
ounce (fluid)
pound-force
pound-force per square inch (pressure, psi)
pound-mass
pound-mass per cubic foot
section
{ 40000.4
{
{
{
0. 1 6
1 000
2300
2.3
4
1
1
1
0.5
1
30
0.3
0.03
0.06
0.1
0.3
5
1 .4
0.02
1 .4
750
10
2.5
3.6
1 .6
28
30
4.5
7
0.5
16
260
2.6
2.6
1 000
1 000
900
square meters
hectare
cubic meter
joules
joules per kilogram
kilojoules per kilogram
joules
millipascal-second
square millimeter per second
square micrometer
kelvin
millinewton per meter
centimeters
meter
cubic meter
cubic meter per kilogram
square meter
meter per minute
millimeters per second
joules
watt
watts
watts (% kilowatt)
kilowatts
centimeters
megajoules
kilometers
g rams
cubic centimeters
newtons
kilopascals
kilogram
kilograms per cubic meter
hectares
million square meters
square kilometers
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
Exact equivalents
APPENDIX F
21
(a) . Note that (a) is used as the abbreviation for year (an
num) instead of (yr) . The use of the minute as a time unit
is discouraged because of abbreviation problems . It
should be used only when another time unit is absolutely
inappropriate .
Date and Time Designation
14
second
Area
Name
ampere
annum (year)
becquerel
bar
coulomb
candela
degree Celsius
degree
day
farad
g ray
gram
henry
hour
hertz
hectare
joule
kelvin
kilogram
knot
Type of U n it
Quantity
base SI unit
allowable (not official SI) unit
derived SI unit
1 /s
allowable (not official SI) u nit, = 1 05 Pa
derived SI unit,
1 As
base SI unit
derived SI unit 1 .0 K
allowable (not official S I ) u nit
allowable (not official SI) unit,
24 hours
derived SI unit,
1 As/V
derived SI unit,
Jlkg
allowable (not official SI) unit,
1 0 -3 kg
derived SI unit, = 1 V's/A
allowable (not official SI) unit,
3.6 x 1 Q3 s
derived SI unit,
1 cycle/s
allowable (not official SI) unit,
1 0' m2
derived SI unit,
1 N'm
base S I unit
base S I unit
allowable (not official SI) u nit,
5 . 1 44 444 x 1 0 - 1 m/s
1 .852 kmlh
allowable (not official SI) u nit,
1 dm3
derived S I unit,
1 cd'sr
derived 81 unit,
1 I m/m2
base SI unit
allowable (not official 81) unit
Allowable cartography (not official 81) unit
derived 81 unit,
1 kg'm/s2
allowable (not official 81) unit,
1 .852 x 1 03 m
derived 81 unit,
1 VIA
derived 81 unit,
1 N/m2
supplementary SI unit
derived SI unit,
1 AN
base SI unit
allowable cartography (not official SI) unit
supplementary SI unit
derived S I unit,
1 Wb/m2
allowable (not official SI) unit,
1 Q3 kg
1 Mg
derived S I unit,
1 W/A
derived 81 unit,
1 J/s
derived 81 unit,
1 V's
electric current
time
activity (of radionuclides)
pressure
quantity of electricity
luminous intensity
temperature
plane angle
time
electric capacitance
absorbed dose
mass
inductance
time
frequency
area
work, energy
temperature
mass
velocity
L
1m
Ix
m
min
N
naut. mile
Pa
rad
S
s
sr
T
t
V
W
Wb
liter
lumen
lux
meter
minute
minute
newton
U.S. nautical mile
ohm
pascal
radian
siemens
second
second
steradian
tesla
tonne
volt
watt
weber
volume
luminous flux
illuminance
length
time
plane angle
force
length
electric resistance
pressure
plane angle
electrical conductance
time
plane angle
solid angle
magnetic flux density
mass
electric potential
power
magnetic flux
=
=
=
=
22
BASE UNITS
....
...
kilogr.m
-- - -
-- - -
--
--
rIY
Gy
(J/k.)
--
ABSO R B E D
DOSE
....--L
.......
,I_I
P RESSU RE ,
STRESS
""""
- - - - - - - m2 - ,
I
I
I
1
I
I
1
1
t
:;..-r
__
bKqu.,,1
SKond
...__
f':'\ It Is)
(:)
ACTIVITY
(OF IONIZING
"
, RADIATION SOURCE)
( A 'S)
r::l
It Is)
'i'
F RE Q U E N C Y
I
TIME
molt
h .rtz
-J I
--
- ---
Mtt
W,)
POWE R,
HEAT F L OW R A T E
....
__
ktlvin _-_
rd"'"
C.lsius
CE LSIUS
T E MPE R AT U R E
_ _
.J
flUX
D E N SI T
"diln G
PLAN E A N G L f
,"redi.n ...-...
SO L I O AN G L E
- - -
1
I
I
lUI
m2 _
L U M I N O US f l U X
Il l UM I N A N C E
SO L I D L I N E S I N DI CA T E M U L TI P L I CATI O N ;
B R O K E N L I N ES, D I VI S I O N
23
MA G N E T I C
I t oc = TC 213. 1 5 1
L
_ _
_ _
Force
Any force tenn will use the newton (N) . Derived units
involving force also require the newton . The expression
of force using a mass tenn (like the kilogram) is ab
solutely forbidden under these standards .
Mass
Permeability
Standard Temperature
Power
Standard Pressure
Temperature
p = 643 kPa,
24
Standard Volumes
6
3
3
qgsc = 1 .2 X 1 0 m /d or 1 . 2 (E + 06) m /d
read as " 1 . 2 million cubic meters per day . "
25
Customary
Unit
Other
Allowable
Conversion Factor*
Multiply Customary
Unit by Factor to
Get Metric Unit
SPACE,.* TIME
m
Length
naut mile
km
1 .852*
E + OO
mile
km
1 .609 344*
E + OO
chain
2.01 1 68*
E + 01
link
2.01 1 68*
E - 01
fathom
1 .828 8*
E + OO
1 .0*
E + OO
yd
9 . 1 44*
E - 01
ft
m
cm
3.048*
3.048*
E - 01
E + 01
cm
2.54*
2.54*
E + 01
E + OO
cm
1 .0*
1 .0*
E + 01
E + OO
mm
in.
mm
cm
mm
mm
1 .0*
E + OO
mil
ILm
2.54*
E + 01
E + OO
Length/length
m/m
micron ( IL)
ftlmi
Lengthlvolume
m/m3
m/m3
8.051 964
E + 01
ftlft3
m/m3
1 .076 39 1
E + 01
ftlbbl
m/m3
1 .9 1 7 1 34
E + OO
Length/temperature
m/K
Area
m2
ILm
1 .0*
mlkm
1 .893 939
E - 01
km2
2.589 988
E + OO
section
km2
ha
2.589 988
2.589 988
E + OO
E + 02
ha
4.046 856
4.046 856
E + 03
E - 01
m2
acre
ha
m2
1 .0*
E + 04
sq yd
m2
8.361 274
E - 01
sq ft
m2
cm2
9 .290 304*
9 . 290 304*
E - 02
E + 02
cm2
6.451 6*
6.451 6*
E + 02
E + OO
cm2
1 .0*
1 .0*
E + 02
E + OO
mm2
sq in.
mm2
cm2
mm2
mm2
1 .0*
E + OO
Area/volume
m2/m3
ft2/in.3
m2/cm3
5.699 291
E - 03
Area/mass
m2/kg
cm2/g
m2/kg
m2/g
1 .0*
1 .0*
E - 01
E - 04
Volume, capacity
m3
cubem
km3
4. 1 68 1 82
E + 00 I l lt
acre-ft
m3
1 .233 489
1 .233 489
E + 03
E - 01
m3
m3
1 .0*
E + OO
cu yd
m3
7.645 549
E - 01
m3
1 .589 873
E - 01
cu ft
m3
dm3
2.831 685
2.831 685
E - 02
E + 01
m3
dm3
4.546 092
4.546 092
E - 03
E + OO
m3
dm3
3.785 41 2
3.785 41 2
E - 03
E + OO
ham
U.K. gal
U.S. gal
liter
dm3
1 .0*
E + OO
U . K. qt
dm3
1 . 1 36 523
E + OO
U.S. qt
dm3
9.463 529
E - 01
U.S. pt
dm3
4.731 765
E - 01
An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact using the numbers shown; all subsequent numbers are zeros.
" Conversion factors for length. area. and volume (and related quantities) i n Table 2.2 are based on the international fool. See Footnote 1 of Table 1 .7. Part 1 .
1 3 o n Page 25.
26
SPE
Preferred
Other
Allowable
Conversion Factor"
Multiply Customary
U nit by Factor to
Get Metric Unit
SPACE," TIME
Volume, capacity
Volumellength
(linear displacement)
m3
m3/m
Volume/mass
m3/kg
Plane angle
rad
U K fl oz
cm3
2.841 308
E + 01
U.S. fl oz
cm3
2.957 353
E + 01
cu in.
cm3
1 .638 706
E + 01
mL
cm3
1 .0'
E + OO
bbllin.
m3/m
6.259 342
E + OO
bbl/ft
m3/m
5.21 6 1 1 9
E - 01
ft31ft
m3/m
9.290 304"
E - 02
U.S. gal/ft
m3/m
dm3/m
1 .241 933
1 .241 933
E - 02
E + 01
Urn
rad
1 .0'
E + OO
deg CO)
rad
1 .745 329
1 .0'
E - 02 (2)
E + OO
min e')
rad
2.908 882
1 .0'
E - 04 (2)
E + OO
sec (")
rad
4.848 1 37
1 .0"
E - 06 (2)
E + OO
Solid angle
sr
sr
sr
1 .0'
E + OO
Time
Ma
1 .0'
E + OO (3)
yr
1 .0'
E + OO
wk
7.0'
E + OO
1 .0'
E + OO
hr
h
min
1 .0'
6.0'
E + OO
E + 01
h
min
6.0'
1 .666 667
1 .0"
E + 01
E - 02
E + OO
min
1 .0"
E + OO
millimicrosecond
ns
1 .0'
E + OO
Mass/length
kg
kg/m
Mg
1 .01 6 047
E + OO
Mg
9.071 847
E - 01
U . K. ton
5.080 235
E + 01
U.S. cwt
k!i!
kg
4.535 924
E + 01
kg
kg
1 .0'
E + OO
Ibm
kg
4.535 924
E - 01
oz (troy)
3. 1 1 0 348
E + 01
oz (av)
2.834 952
E + 01
1 .0"
E + OO
grain
mg
6.479 89 1
E + 01
mg
mg
1 .0"
E + OO
1 .0"
E + OO
see "Mechanics"
Mass/area
kg/m2
MasS/Volume
kg/m3
Mass/mass
kg/kg
Amount of
substance
mol
see "Mechanics"
Ibm mol
kmol
4.535 924
E - 01
g mol
kmol
1 .0"
E - 03
kmol
4.461 58
E - 02 14,13)
kmol
4.229 32
E - 02 14,13)
kmol
1 . 1 95 3
E - 03 14,13)
27
Customary
Unit
Other
Allowable
Conversion Factor*
Multiply Customary
Unit by Factor to
Get Metric Unit
J/kg
Calorific value
(mole basis)
J/mol
Calorific value
(volume basis solids and liquids)
J/m3
Calorific value
(volume basis gases)
J/m3
Specific entropy
J/kg'K
Specific heat
capacity
(mass basis)
J/kgK
Molar heat
capacity
J/molK
MJ/kg
kJ/kg
Btu/Ibm
J/g
(kWh)/kg
2.326
2.326
6.461 1 1 2
E - 03
E + OO
E - 04
J/g
4.1 84*
E + OO
cal/g
kJ/kg
cal/lbm
J/kg
9.224 1 4 1
E + OO
kcal/g mol
kJ/kmol
4.1 84*
C + 03'3
Btu/Ibm mol
MJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
2.326
2.326
E - 03'3
E + 00'3
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
2.320 80
2.320 80
6.446 660
E + 04
E + 07
E + OO
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
2.787 1 63
2.787 1 63
7.742 1 1 9
E - 01
E + 02
E - 02
2.320 8
2.320 8
6.446 660
E - 01
E + 02
E - 02
3.725 895
3.725 895
1 .034 971
E - 02
E + 01
E - 02
4. 1 84*
4 . 1 84*
E - 03
E + OO
kJ/dm3
(kW'h)/dm3
kJ/dm3
(kW'h)/m 3
kJ/dm3
Btu/U.K. gal
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
Btulft3
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
kcal/m3
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
cal/mL
MJ/m3
4 . 1 84*
E + OO
ftlbf/U.S. gal
kJ/m3
3.58 1 692
E - 01
cal/m L
kJ/m3
J/dm3
4. 1 84*
E + 03
kcal/m3
kJ/m3
J/dm3
4.1 84*
E + OO
Btu/ft3
kJ/m3
J/dm3
(kW ' h)/m 3
3.725 895
.1 .034 971
E + 01
E - 02
Btu/(lbmoR)
kJ/(kg'K)
J(g ' K)
4. 1 86 8*
E + OO
cal/(goK)
kJ/(kg'K)
J(g ' K)
4.1 84*
E + OO
kcal/(kgC)
kJ/(kg'K)
4. 1 84*
E + OO
kWhr/(kgoC)
kJ/(kg'K)
J(g ' K)
J(g . K)
3.6*
E + 03
Btu/(lbmoF)
kJ/(kg'K)
J(g ' K)
4 . 1 86 8*
E + OO
kcal/(kgC)
kJ/(kgK)
J(g ' K)
4. 1 84*
E + OO
Btu/(Ibm moloF)
kJ/(kmol'K)
4. 1 86 8*
E + 00'3
cal/(g molC)
kJ/(kmol'K)
4. 1 84*
E - 00'3
(kW'h)/m3
kJ/dm3
(kW'h)/m3
kJ/dm3
K
K
K
OR
5/9
OK
1 .0*
OF
(OF - 32)/1 .8
1 .0*
E + OO
OF
C
K
5/9
E + OO
1 .0*
E + OO
1 .822 689
E + 01
E + OO
Temperature/length
(geothermal gradient)
KIm
F/1 00 ft
mKlm
Length/temperature
(geothermal step)
m/K
ttrF
m/K
5.486 4*
E - 01
Pressure
Pa
atm (760mm Hg at OC or
14.696 (lbf/in .2)
MPa
kPa
bar
1 .01 3 25*
1 .01 3 25*
1 .01 3 25*
E - 01
E + 02
E + OO
bar
MPa
kPa
bar
1 .0*
1 .0*
1 .0*
E - 01
E + 02
E + OO
MPa
kPa
bar
9.806 65*
9.806 65*
9.806 65*
E - 02
E + 01
E - 01
28
'
TABLE 2.2-TABLES OF RECO MMENDED SI UNITS (cont'd.)
Metric Unit
Other
Allowable
SPE
Preferred
Customary
Unit
Conversion Factor*
Multiply Customary
Unit by Factor to
Get Metric U nit
Pa
Ibf/in .2 (psi)
M Pa
kPa
6.894 757
6.894 757
6.894 757
E - 03
E + OO
E - 02
in. H g (32 F)
kPa
3.386 38
E + OO
in . H g (60F)
kPa
3.376 85
E + OO
kPa
2.490 82
E - 01
kPa
2.488 4
E - 01
kPa
1 .333 224
E - 01
cm H20 (4C)
kPa
9.806 38
E - 02
Ibf/ft2 (psI)
kPa
4.788 026
E - 02
.... m H g (OC)
Pa
1 .333 224
E - 01
.... bar
Pa
1 .0*
E - 01
dyne/cm2
Pa
1 .0*
E - 01
in . H g (60F)
kPa
3.376 85
E + OO
kPa
2 .490 82
E - 01
kPa
2.488 4
E - 01
kPa
1 .333 224
E - 01
bar
mm H g (OC)
Vacuum, draft
Pa
mm H g (OC)
Liquid head
torr
torr
cm H20 (4C)
kPa
9.806 38
E - 02
ft
3.048*
E - 01
in.
mm
2.54*
2.54*
E + 01
E + OO
cm
Pressure drop/length
Palm
psilft
kPalm
2.262 059
E + 01
psi/ 1 00 ft
kPalm
2.262 059
E - 01 (5)
1 .601 846
1 .601 846
E + 01
E + 04
g/cm3
1 . 1 98 264
1 . 1 98 264
E + 02
E - 01
kg/dm3
9.977 633
9.977 633
E + 01
E - 02
g/cm3
1 .601 846
1 .601 846
E + 01
E - 02
kg/dm3
1 .0*
1 .0*
E + 03
E + OO
kg/m3
Ibm/ft3
kg/m3
g/m3
Density (liquids)
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
Ibm/ft3
kg/m3
g/cm3
AP I
g/cm3
Density (solids)
kg/m3
Ibm/ft3
kg/m3
1 .601 846
E + 01
Specific volume
(gases)
m3/kg
ft3/lbm
m3/kg
m3/g
6.242 796
6.242 796
E - 02
E - 05
Specific volume
(liquids)
m3/kg
ft3/lbm
dm3/kg
6.242 796
E + 01
U.K. gal/Ibm
dm3/kg
cm3/g
1 .002 242
E + 01
U.S. sal/Ibm
dm3/kg
cm3/g
8.345 404
E + OO
Ug mol
m3lkmol
1 .0*
E + 00'3
ft3/lbm mol
m3/kmol
6.242 796
E - 02'3
Specific volume
(mole basis)
m3/mol
Specific volume
(clay yield)
m3/kg
Yield (shale
distillation)
m3/kg
Concentration
(mass/mass)
kg/kg
Concentration
(masslvolume)
kg/m3
1 41 .5/(1 3 1 . 5 + API)
bbl/U.S. ton
m3/t
1 .752 535
E - 01
bbl/U.K. ton
m3/t
1 .564 763
E - 01
E + 02
dm3/t
Ut
1 .752 535
bbl/U.K. ton
dm3/t
Ut
1 .564 763
E + 02
dm3/t
Ut
4. 1 72 702
E + OO
Ut
3.725 627
E + OO
1 .0*
1 .0*
E - 02
E + 01
dm3/t
wt %
kg/kg
g/kg
wt ppm
mg/kg
Ibm/bbl
g/U . S. sal
kg/m3
g/U . K. gal
kg/m3
1 .0*
E + OO
g/dm3
2.853 01 0
E + OO
2.641 720
E - 01
gIL
2. 1 99 692
E - 01
kg/m3
29
SPE
Preferred
Other
Allowable
Conversion Factor
Multiply Customary
Unit by Factor to
G et Metric Unit
Concentration
(volumelvolume)
kg/m3
m3/m3
g/m3
mg/dm3
1 . 1 98 264
E + 02
g/m3
mg/dm3
9.977 633
E + 01
g/m3
mg/dm3
1 .71 1 806
E + 01
grains/ft3
mg/m3
2.288 352
E + 03
g/m3
m !i!/dm3
2.853 01 0
E + OO
g/m3
mg/dm3
2.641 720
E - 01
grains/1 00 ft3
m!i!/m3
m3/m3
2.288 352
E + 01
1 .0
E + OO
ft3/ft3
m3/m3
1 .0
E + OO
bbl/acreft
m3/m3
1 .288 923
1 .288 923
E - 04
E + OO
bbl/bbl
m3/ham
Concentration
(mole/volume)
Concentration
(volume/mole)
mol/m3
m3/mol
vol %
m3/m3
1 .0
E - 02
U . K. gal/ft3
dm3/m3
Llm3
1 .605 437
E + 02
U.S. gal1ft3
dm3/m3
Llm3
1 .336 806
E + 02
dm3/m3
Llm3
2.641 720
E - 01
dm3/m3
Llm3
2. 1 99 692
E - 01
vol ppm
cm3/m3
dm3/m3
Llm3
1 .0
1 .0
E + OO
E - 03
cm3/m3
2.859 406
E + 01
cm3/m3
2.380 952
E + 01
cm3/m3
3.574 253
E + OO
kmol/m3
1 . 1 98 264
E + 02
kmol/m3
9.977 633
E + 01
Ibm mollft3
kmol/m3
1 .601 846
E + 01
kmol/m3
7.51 8 1 8
E - 03
dm3/kmol
Llkmol
3. 1 66 93
E + OO
dm3/kmol
Llkmol
1 .330 1 1
E - 01
E + 02
Throughput
(volume basis)
kg/s
m3/s
million Ibm/yr
tla
Mg/a
4.535 924
U . K. tonlyr
tla
Mg/a
1 .01 6 047
E + OO
U.S. ton/yr
tla
Mg/a
9.071 847
E - 01
U . K. ton/D
tid
Mg/d
tlh, Mg/h
1 .01 6 047
4.233 529
E + OO
E - 02
U.S. ton/D
tid
tlh, M g/h
9.071 847
3.779 936
E - 01
E - 02
U . K . ton/hr
U .S. ton/hr
tlh
Mg/h
1 .01 6 047
E + OO
tlh
Mg/h
9.071 847
E - 01
Ibm/hr
kg/h
4.535 924
E - 01
bbl/D
tla
5.803 036
1 .589 873
6.624 471
E + 01
E - 01
E - 03
ft3/D
m3/h
1 . 1 79 869
2.831 685
E - 03
E - 02
bbl/hr
fP/h
U.K. gal/hr
m3/h
1 .589 873
E - 01
m3/h
2.831 685
E - 02
m3/h
LIs
4.546 092
1 .262 803
E - 03
E - 03
U.S. gal/hr
m3/h
LIs
3.785 4 1 2
1 .051 503
E - 03
E - 03
LIs
2.727 655
7.576 8 1 9
E - 01
E - 02
LIs
2.271 247
6.309 020
E - 01
E - 02
m3/d
m3/h
m3/d
U.K. gal/min
m3/h
U.S. gal/min
m3/h
30
(7)
SPE
Preferred
Other
Allowable
Conversion Factor*
M ultiply Customary
Unit by Factor to
Get M etric Unit
(6)
mol/s
kmol/h
Ibm mollhr
kmol/s
4.535 924
1 .259 979
E - 01
E - 04
(6)
FLOW RATE
Pipeline capacity
m3/m
bbl/mile
m3lkm
9.879 0 1 3
E - 02
Flow rate
(mass basis)
kg/s
U.K. ton/min
kg/s
1 .693 4 1 2
E + 01
U.S. ton/min
kg/s
1 .5 1 1 974
E + 01
U . K. ton/hr
kg/s
2.822 353
E - 01
U.S. ton/hr
kg/s
2.5 1 9 958
E - 01
U . K. tontO
kg/s
1 . 1 75 980
E - 02
U.S. tontO
kg/s
1 .049 982
E - 02
million Ibm/yr
kg/s
5.249 9 1 2
E + OO
U .K. ton/r
kg/s
3.221 864
E - 05
U.S. ton/yr
kg/s
2.876 664
E - 05
Ibm/s
kg/s
4.535 924
E - 01
Ibm/min
kg/s
7.559 873
E - 03
Ibm/hr
kg/s
1 .259 979
E - 04
bbl/O
m3/d
Us
1 .589 873
1 .840 1 3 1
E - 01
E - 03
ft3/0
m3/d
Us
2.831 685
3.277 41 3
E - 02
E - 04
bbl/hr
m3/s
Us
4.41 6 31 4
4.41 6 31 4
E - 05
E - 02
ft3/hr
m3/s
Us
7.865 791
7.865 79 1
E - 06
E - 03
U .K. gal/hr
dm3/s
Us
1 .262 803
E - 03
U.S. gal/hr
dm3/s
Us
1 .051 503
E - 03
U.K. gal/min
dm3/s
Us
7.576 820
E - 02
U.S. gal/min
dm3/s
Us
6.309 020
E - 02
ft3/min
dm3/s
Us
4.71 9 474
E - 01
fWs
dm3/s
Us
2.831 685
E + 01
Ibm mol/s
kmol/s
4.535 924
Ibm mol/hr
kmol/s
1 .259 979
E - 01 13
E - 04 ' 3
million scf/O
kmol/s
1 .383 449
E - 02 ' 3
Ibm/(s-ft)
kg/(s'm)
1 .488 1 64
E + OO
Ibm/(hr-ft)
kg/(s'm)
4. 1 33 789
E - 04
U.K. gal/(min-ft)
m2/s
m3/(sm)
2.485 833
E - 04
U.S. gal/(min-ft)
m2/s
m3/(sm)
2.069 888
E - 04
U.K. aal/(hr-in.)
m2/s
m3/(sm)
4.971 667
E - 05
U.S. gal/(hr-in .)
m2/s
m3/(sm )
4. 1 39 776
E - 05
U.K. gal/(hr-ft)
m2/s
m3/(sm)
4. 1 43 055
E - 06
U.S. gal/(hr-ft)
m2/s
m3/(sm )
3.449 8 1 4
E - 06
Ibm/(s-ft2)
kg/s'm2
4.882 428
E + OO
Ibm/(hr-W)
kg/sm2
1 .356 230
E - 03
ft3/(S-ft2)
m/s
m3(sm2)
3.048*
E - 01
ft3/(min-ft2)
m/s
m3/(sm2)
5.08"
E - 03
U . K. gal/(hr-in .2)
m/s
m3/(s'm2)
1 .957 349
E - 03
U.S. gal/(hr-in.2)
m/s
1 .629 833
E - 03
U.K. gal/(min-ft2)
m/s
m3/(sm2)
m3/(s'm2)
8. 1 55 621
E - 04
U.S. gal/(min-W)
m/s
6.790 972
E - 04
U.K. gal/(hr-W)
m/s
m3/(sm2)
m 3/(sm2)
1 .359 270
E - 05
U.S. gal/(hr-W)
m/s
m3/(s'm2)
1 . 1 31 829
E - 05
bbl/(O-psi)
m3/(d'kPa)
2.305 91 6
E - 02
Flow rate
(volume basis)
Flow rate
(mole basis)
m3/s
mol/s
Flow rate/length
(mass basis)
kg/s'm
Flow rate/length
(volume basis)
m2/s
Flow rate/area
(mass basis)
kg/s'm2
Flow rate/area
(volume basis)
m/s
Flow rate/
pressure drop
(productivity index)
m3/sPa
31
Customary
Unit
Other
Allowable
Conversion Factor*
Multiply Customary
Unit by Factor to
Get Metric Unit
Impact energy
MJ
TJ
EJ
E + 12
E + 06
E + OO
E + 08
E + 05
E + 02
E + 02
E + 05
E + 01
therm
MJ
kJ
kWh
1 .055 056
1 .055 056
1 .055 056
2.930 71 1
2.930 7 1 1
2.930 711
1 .055 056
1 .055 056
2.930 71 1
U.S. tonf-mile
MJ
1 .431 744
E + 01
hp-hr
MJ
kJ
kWh
2.684 520
2.684 520
7.456 999
E + OO
E + 03
E - 01
ch-hr or CV-hr
MJ
Kj
kWh
2.647 796
2.647 796
7.354 99
E + OO
E + 03
E - 01
kW-hr
MJ
kJ
3.6*
3.6*
E + OO
E + 03
Chu
kJ
kWh
1 .899 1 01
5.275 280
E + OO
E - 04
Btu
kJ
kWh
1 .055 056
2.930 71 1
E + OO
E - 04
E + OO
quad
MWh
GWh
TWh
kcal
kJ
4. 1 84*
cal
kJ
4.1 84*
E - 03
ft-Ibf
kJ
1 .355 8 1 8
E - 03
Ibf-ft
kJ
1 .355 8 1 8
E - 03
kJ
1 .0*
E - 03
Ibf-ft2/s2
kJ
4.21 4 01 1
E - 05
erg
1 .0'
E - 07
kgf-m
9.806 650'
E + OO
Ibf-ft
1 .355 8 1 8
E + OO
Work/length
JIm
U.S. tonf-mile/ft
MJ/m
4.697 322
E + 01
Surface energy
J/m2
erg/cm2
mJ/m2
1 .0'
E + OO
kgfm/cm2
Ibfft/in.2
J/cm2
9.806 650'
E - OO
J/cm2
2 . 1 01 522
E - 01
quad/yr
MJ/a
TJ/a
EJ/a
TW
GW
1 .055 056
1 .055 056
1 .055 056
3. 1 70 979
3. 1 70 979
E + 12
E + 06
E + OO
E - 27
E - 24
Specific impact
energy
Power
J/m2
W
erg/a
Power/area
W/m2
million Btu/hr
MW
2.930 71 1
E - 01
ton of
refrigeration
kW
3.51 6 853
E + OO
Btu/s
kW
1 .055 056
E + OO
kW
kW
1 .0*
E + OO
kW
7.460 43
E - 01
hp (electric)
kW
7.46'
E - 01
hp (550 ft-Ibf/s)
kW
7.456 999
E - 01
ch or CV
kW
7.354 99
E - 01
Btu/min
kW
1 .758 427
E - 02
ftlbf/s
kW
1 .355 8 1 8
E - 03
kcal/hr
1 . 1 62 222
E + OO
Btu/hr
2.930 71 1
E - 01
ft'lbf/min
2.259 697
E - 02
Btu/sft2
kW/m2
1 . 1 35 653
E + 01
cal/hr'cm2
kW/m2
1 . 1 62 222
E - 02
kW/m2
3. 1 54 591
E - 03
Btu/hrft2
32
SPE
Preferred
Other
Allowable
Conversion Factor'
Multiply Customary
Unit by Factor to
Get Metric Unit
W/m3
Heat generation
unit - hgu
(radioactive rocks)
j1.Cal/scm2
mW/m2
4 . 1 84*
E + 01
hp/ft3
cal/(hrcm3)
Btu/(sft3)
kW/m3
2.633 41 4
E + 01
kW/m3
1 . 1 62 222
E + OO
kW/m3
3.725 895
E + 01
Btu/(hrft3)
kW/m3
1 .034 971
E - 02
cal/(s-cm3)
jJ.W/m3
4 . 1 84*
E+12
3.930 1 48
E - 01
Cooling duty
(machinery)
WIW
Btu/(bhp-hr)
W/kW
Specific fuel
consumption
(mass basis)
kg/J
Ibm/(hp-hr)
mg/J
kg/MJ
kg/(kW'h)
1 .689 659
6.082 774
E - 01
E - 01
Specific fuel
consumption
(volume basis)
m3/J
m3/(kW-hr)
dm3/MJ
mm3/J
dm3/(kW'h)
2.777 778
1 .0*
E + 02
E + 03
U.S. gal/(hp-hr)
dm3/MJ
mm3/J
dm3/(kW'h)
1 .41 0 089
5.076 321
E + OO
E + OO
U.K. pt/(hp-hr)
dm3/MJ
mm13/J
dm3/(kW'h)
2 . 1 1 6 809
7.620 5 1 2
E - 01
E - 01
U.K. gal/mile
dm3/1 00 km
U1 00 km
2.824 8 1 1
E + 02
U.S. gal/mile
dm3/1 00 km
U1 00 km
2.352 1 46
E + 02
km/dm3
km/L
4.251 437
E - 01
km/dm3
km/L
3.540 060
E - 01
Fuel consumption
(automotive)
m3/m
MECHAN ICS
Velocity (linear) ,
speed
m/s
knot
kmlh
1 .852*
E + OO
mile/hr
km/h
1 .609 344*
E + OO
m/s
m/s
1 .0*
E + OO
ftls
m/s
cm/s
m/ms
3.048*
3.048*
3.048*
E - 01
E + 01
E - 0418)
ftlmin
m/s
cm/s
5.08*
5.08'
E - 03
E - 01
ftlhr
mm/s
cmls
8.466 667
8.466 667
E - 02
E - 03
ftlD
mm/s
mId
3.527 778
3.048'
E - 03
E - 01
in.ls
mm/s
cm/s
2.54*
2.54*
E + 01
E + OO
in.lmin
mm/s
cm/s
4.233 333
4.233 333
E - 01
E - 02
1 .047 1 98
6.283 1 85
2.908 882
E - 01
E + OO
E - 04
3.280 840
E + 0019)
2.54*
2.54*
E + 01
E - 02
Velocity (angular)
rad/s
rev/min
rev/s
degree/min
rad/s
rad/s
radls
s/m
sIft
slm
m/s
in./yr (ipy)
mil/yr
mm/a
mm/a
Rotational frequency
rev/s
rev/s
rev/s
1 .0*
E + OO
rev/min
rev/s
1 .666 667
E - 02
rev/min
rad/s
1 .047 1 98
E - 01
ftls2
mls2
3.048*
3.048'
E - 01
E + 01
gal(cm/s2)
m/s2
1 .0*
E - 02
rad/s2
1 .0*
E + OO
Acceleration
(linear)
m/s2
jJ.s/m
cm/s2
Acceleration
(rotational)
rad/s2
rad/s2
rpmls
rad/s2
1 .047 1 98
E - 01
Momentum
kgm/s
Ibmftls
kgm/s
1 .382 550
E - 01
33
SPE
Preferred
Other
Allowable
Conversion Factor
Multiply Customary
Unit by Factor to
Get M etric Unit
MECHAN ICS
Force
Bending moment,
torq u e
Bending moment!
length
N'm
N'm/m
U . K. tonf
kN
9.964 0 1 6
E + OO
U .S. tonf
kN
8.896 443
E + OO
kgf (kp)
9.806 650
E + OO
Ibf
4.448 222
E + OO
1 .0
E + OO
pdl
mN
1 .382 550
E + 02
dyne
mN
1 .0
E - 02
U.S. tonfft
kNm
2.71 1 636
E + OO(lO)
kgfm
Ibfft
Nm
N'm
9.806 650
E + OO('O)
1 .355 8 1 8
E + OO('O)
Ibfin.
N'm
1 . 1 29 848
E - 01 ('O)
pdlft
Nm
4.21 4 01 1
E - 02('O)
(lbfft)/in.
(Nm)/m
5.337 866
E + 01 ('O)
( kgfm)/m
(N'm)/m
9.806 650
E + OO('O)
(Ibfin.)/in.
(Nm)/m
4.448 222
E + OO(lO)
Ibf/in.2
G Pa
6.894 757
E - 06
Elastic moduli
(Young's, Shear bulk)
Pa
Moment of inertia
kgm2
Ibmft2
kgm2
4.21 4 0 1 1
E - 02
Moment of section
m'
in.'
4. 1 62 3 1 4
E + 01
Section modulus
m3
cu in.
cu ft
cm'
cm 3
1 .638
1 .638
2.831
2.831
706
706
685
685
E + 01
E + 04
E + 04
E - 02
Stress
Pa
Yield point,
gel strength
(drilling fluid)
Mass/length
kg/m
Mass/area
structural loading,
bearing capacity
(mass basis)
kg/m2
Coefficient of
thermal expansion
m/(mK)
cm3
mm3
m3
U.S. tonf/in.2
MPa
N/mm2
1 .378 951
E + 01
kgf/mm2
MPa
N/mm2
9.806 650
E + OO
U.S. tonf/ft2
MPa
N/mm2
9.576 052
E - 02
Ibf/in.2 (psi)
MPa
N/mm2
6.894 757
E - 03
Ibf/ft2 (psf)
kPa
4.788 026
E - 02
dyne/cm2
Pa
1 .0
E - 01
Ibf/1 00 ft2
Pa
4.788 026
E - 01
Ibm/ft
kg/m
1 .488 1 64
E + OO
U.S. tonlft2
Mg/m2
9.764 855
E + OO
Ibm/ft2
kg/m2
4.882 428
E + OO
in.l(in.oF)
mm/(mmK)
5.555 556
E - 01
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
Diffusivity
Thermal resistance
m2/s
(km2)1W
ft2/s
mm2/s
9.290 304
E + 04
cm2/s
mm2/s
1 .0
E + 02.
ft2/hr
mm2/s
2.580 64
E + 01
(OCm2hr)/kcal
(Km2)/kW
8.604 208
E + 02
(OFft2 hr)/Btu
(Km2)/kW
1 .761 1 02
E + 02
Heat flux
W/m2
Btu/(hr'ft2)
kW/m2
3.1 54 591
E - 03
Thermal
conductivity
W/(mK)
(cal/scm2.C)/cm
W/(mK)
4.1 84
E + 02
Btu/(hrft2.oF/ft)
W/(mK)
1 .730 735
6.230 646
E + OO
E + OO
kcal/(hrm2.oC/m)
W/(mK)
1 . 1 62 222
E + OO
Btu/(hrft2.oF/in.)
W/(mK)
1 .442 279
E - 01
cal/(hrcm2.oC/cm)
W/(mK)
1 . 1 62 222
E - 01
34
kJ m/(hm2.K)
SPE
Preferred
Other
Allowable
Conversion Factor
Multiply Customary
Unit by Factor to
Get Metric Unit
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
Heat transfer
coefficient
W/{m2.K)
Volumetric heat
transfer coefficient
W/{m3'K)
Surface tension
N/m
Viscosity
(dynamic)
Pa's
Viscosity
(kinematic)
Permeability
m2/s
m2
cal/{s-cm2-0C)
kW/{m2K)
4 . 1 84
E + 01
Btu/{s-ft2-0F)
kW/{m2K)
2.044 1 7.5
E + 01
cal/{hr-cm2-0C)
kW/{m2K)
1 . 1 62 222
E - 02
Btu/{hr-ft2_0F)
kW/(m2K)
5.678 263
2.044 1 75
E - 03
E + 01
Btu/{hr-ft2-OR)
kW/{m2.K)
5.678 263
E - 03
kcall{hr-m2-0C)
kW/{m2.K)
1 . 1 62 222
E - 03
Btu/{s-ft3_0F)
kW/{m3K)
6.706 61 1
E + 01
Btu/{hr-ft3-0F)
kW/{m3'K)
1 .862 947
E - 02
dyne/cm
mN/m
1 .0
kJ/{hm2.K)
{lbf-s)/in.2
Pa's
{N's)/m2
6.894 757
E + OO
E + 03
{lbf-s)/ft2
Pas
{N's)/m2
4.788 026
E + 01
{kgf-s)/m2
Pas
(N's)/m2
9.806 650
E + OO
Ibm/{ft-s)
Pas
{Ns)/m2
1 .488 1 64
E + OO
{dyne-s)/cm2
Pa's
{Ns)/m2
1 .0
E - 01
cp
Pa's
(N's)/m2
1 .0
E - 03
Ibm/{fthr)
Pas
(Ns)/m2
4. 1 33 789
E - 04
ft2/s
mm2/s
9.290 304
E + 04
in.2/s
mm2/s
6.451 6
E + 02
m2/hr
mm2/s
2.777 778
E + 02
cm2/s
mm2/s
1 .0
E + 02
ft2lhr
mm2/s
2.580 64
E + 01
cSt
mm2/s
1 .0
darcy
jJ.m2
9.869 233
E + OO
E - 01 (1 1 )
millidarcy
jJ.m2
9.869 233
9.869 233
E - 04(1 1 )
E - 01 ( 1 1 )
1 0 - 3 jJ.m2
1 .0
E + OO
Capacitance
jJ.F
jJ.F
1 .0
E + OO
Capacity,
storage battery
A-hr
kC
3.6
E + OO
Charge density
C/m3
C/mm3
C/mm3
1 .0
E + OO
Conductance
1 .0
E + OO
U {mho)
1 .0
E + OO
S/m
S/m
1 .0
E + OO
U /m
S/m
1 .0
E + OO
Conductivity
S/m
m U/m
mS/m
1 .0
E + OO
Current density
Alm2
Almm2
Almm2
1 .0
E + OO
Displacement
C/m2
C/cm2
C/cm2
1 .0
E + OO
Electric charge
1 .0
E + OO
Electric current
1 .0
E + OO
Electric dipole
moment
Cm
Cm
Cm
1 .0
E + OO
Electric field
strength
VIm
VIm
VIm
1 .0
E + OO
Electric flux
1 .0
E + OO
Electric polarization
Electric potential
C/m2
V
C/cm2
V
C/cm2
V
1 .0
1 .0
E + OO
mV
mV
1 .0
E + OO
E + OO
E + OO
Electromagnetic
moment
Am2
Am2
A'm2
1 .0
Electromotive force
1 .0
E + OO
Flux of displacement
1 .0
E + OO
35
Metric Unit
Customary
Unit
SPE
Preferred
Other
Allowable
ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM
Frequency
Hz
1 .0'
E + OO
Hz
Impedance
E + OO
s/m
fJos/ft
fJos/m
1 .0'
3.2 80 840
Linear current
density
Aim
Almm
Almm
1 .0'
E + OO
Magnetic dipole
moment
Wb-m
Wb-m
Wb-m
1 .0'
E + OO
Magnetic field
strength
Aim
Almm
Almm
1 .0'
E + OO
oersted
Aim
7.957 747
E + 01
gamma
Aim
7.957 747
E - 04
mWb
mWb
1 .0'
E + OO
Magnetic flux
Wb
Magnetic flux
density
Magnetic induction
cycles/s
E + OO
mT
mT
1 .0'
E + OO
gauss
1 .0'
E - 04
mT
mT
1 .0'
E + OO
Magnetic moment
A-m2
A-m2
A-m2
1 .0'
E + OO
Magnetic
polarization
mT
mT
1 .0'
E + OO
Magnetic potential
difference
1 .0'
E + OO
Magnetic vector
potential
Wb/m
Wb/mm
Wb/mm
Magnetization
Aim
Almm
Almm
Modulus of
admittance
Modulus of
impedance
Mutual inductance
Permeability
Him
fJoH/m
fJoH/m
Permeance
Permittivity
F/m
fJoF/m
fJoF/m
Potential difference
Quantity of
electricity
Reactance
Reluctance
H-1
H-1
H-1
Resistance
Resistivity
no m
n-cm
no m
n-cm
no m
Self inductance
mH
mH
Surface density
of charge
C/m2
mC/m2
mC/m2
Susceptance
Volume density
of charge
C/m3
C/mm3
C/mm3
( 12)
Gy
rad
Gy
Acoustical energy
Acoustical intensity
W/m2
W
W/cm2
W/m2
Acoustical power
1 .0'
E - 02
1 .0'
E + 04
Sound pressure
N/m2
N/m2
N/m2
Illuminance
Ix
footcandle
Ix
1 .076 39 1
E + 01
Illumination
Ix
footcandle
Ix
1 .076 39 1
E + 01
I rradiance
W/m2
W/m2
W/m2
1 .076 39 1
E + 01
Light exposure
Ix's
footcandles
Ix-s
Luminance
cd/m2
cd/m2
cd/m2
Luminous efficacy
ImIW
ImIW
Im/W
36
Metric Unit
SPE
Preferred
Customary
Unit
Other
Allowable
Im/m2
Im/m2
Luminous flux
1m
1m
1m
Luminous intensity
cd
cd
Quantity of light
I' m s
Radiance
W/(m2'sr)
talbot
W/(m2-sr)
cd
I' m s
Im/m2
1 .0'
E + OO
W/(m2'sr)
Radiant energy
Radiant flux
Radiant intensity
W/sr
W/sr
W/sr
Radiant power
Wave length
'A
1 .0'
E - 01
Capture unit
m-'
1 0 - 3cm - '
nm
m-'
1 .0'
1
E + 01
m-'
m-'
curie
Bq
3.7'
Radioactivity
37
1 0 - "cm - '
E+10
Compressibility of
reservoir fluid
Pa - '
ft (fluid)
psi - '
SPE
Preferred
m (fluid)
Pa - '
Corrosion allowance
in.
Corrosion rate
m/s
mil/yr
(mpy)
Differential orifice
pressure
Pa
in. H2O
(at 60 F)
kPa
Gas-oil ratio
m3/m3
scf/bbl
Gas rate
m3/s
Geologic time
Head (fluid mechanics)
Other
Allowable
E - 04
E - Ol
mm
2.54-
E + Ol
mm/a
2.54-
E - 02
2.488 4
2.54-
E - Ol
E + OO
"standard"
m3/m3
1 .801 1 75
E - O l l' )--
scf/D
"standard"
m3/d
2.863 640
E - 021')
yr
Ma
ft
m
cm
3.0483.048-
E - Ol
E + Ol
kJ/h
2.930 71 1
1 .055 056
E - 04
E + OO
/Jom2/Pas
9.869 233
9.869 233
E - Ol
E + 02
E - Ol
kPa - '
cm H2O
kW
Btu/hr
Mobility
m2/Pa's
ft
3.048-
Oil rate
m3/s
bbl/D
m3/d
1 .589 873
E - Ol
short ton/yr
Mg/a
tla
9.071 847
E - Ol
/Jom2.m
3.008 1 42
E - 04
mm
2.542.54-
E + OO
E + Ol
/Jom2/mPas
d/cp
Particle size
micron
/Jom
Permeability-thickness
m3
md-ft
md'm
in.
cm
Pressure buildup
per cycle
Pa
psi
kPa
6.894 757
E + 00(2)
Productivity index
m3/Pas
bbl/(psi-D)
m3/(kPad)
2.305 9 1 6
E - 02(2)
Pumping rate
m3/s
U.S. gal/min
m3/h
Us
2.271 247
6.309 020
E - Ol
E - 02
rad/s
rpm
rad/m
1 .047 1 98
6.283 1 85
E - Ol
E + OO
Recovery/unit volume
(oil)
m3/m3
bbl/(acre-ft)
m3/ham
1 .288 93 1
1 .288 931
E - 04
E + OO
Reservoir area
m2
sq mile
2.589 988
E + OO
ha
4.046 856
E - Ol
ha'm
1 .233 482
1 .233 482
E + 03
E - Ol
1 .0-
rad/s
m3/m3
km2
acre
m3
Reservoir volume
m3
acre-ft
Specific productivity
index
m3/Pasm
bbl/(D-psi-ft)
m3/(kPadm)
7.565 341
E - 02(2)
Surface or interfacial
tension in reservoir
capillaries
N/m
dyne/cm
mN/m
1 .0-
E + OO
Torque
N'm
Ibf-ft
N'm
1 .355 8 1 8
E + 00(3)
m/s
fils
m/s
3.048-
E - Ol
Vessel diameter
1 0 1 00 cm
m
in.
cm
2.54-
E + OO
ft
3.048-
E - Ol
above 1 00 cm
"An asterisk indicates the conversion factor is exact using the numbers show n ; all subsequent n umbers are zeros.
38
59 67 to - 1 9
(O
- 1 8 to 53
C)
-17J 1 l
CF)
(0
C)
- 2 7 78
-459 67
e F)
-1 8
-0 4
(O
54 to 350
360 to 1 070
C)
CF)
eC)
1 11 1
181 1
II I
14
(O
160
F)
680 0
1 080 to 1 790
(OC)
181 2
1 800 to 3000
(0
CF)
1 ,0 8 0
(O
C)
1 .97 6 0
9!2 2
1 ,100
F)
1.17l 0
- 2 67 7 8
-4 10
-27 21
1 4
12 8
5\
III 0
1 .994 0
917 I
1 ,1 1 0
-16
13.3
56
I II 8
1 91 1
1 80
"16 0
591 1
1 , 100
2,012.0
993 3
1 ,1 20
-26 1 2
5 0
3 , 308 0
-430
-I S
1 2
3 . 1 90 0
-4 4 0
-2 6 67
-17
-161 21
- 1 5 6 67
13 9
57
1 34 6
1 98 9
390
734 0
1 ,110
2,030 0
99 1 9
1 ,130
-420
-2 5 1 6
-14
6 8
3 3 16 0
-1\1 1 1
14 4
18
1 16 4
104 4
'00
III 0
598 9
60' 4
1 , 1 20
2,048 0
1 , 00' 4
1 , 1 40
),3" 0
- 1 4 \ 16
--n o
- 2 1 00
-1 3
8 6
1 1 0
59
1 38 1
110 0
.10
770 0
610 0
1 , 1 30
2 , 066 0
1 ,0 1 0 0
-1 1
11 6
60
), )61 1
-400
-1' 44
1 '0 0
I . ! 50
- 1'0 00
211 6
788 0
611 6
2,014 0
1 ,0 1 1 6
61
1.1 8
'10
806 0
1 , 1 10
2, 1 0 2 0
UtO
- 1 3 89
611 I
1 , 1 40
-190
221 I
410
-234 "
1 ,0 2 1 1
61
1'1 6
1 , 170
226 7
440
8 14 6
626 7
1 , 1 60
2 , 1 20 0
1 , 0 26 7
1 , 11 0
'
-llB 89
-lll 33
- 1 1 7 78
-13 1 1
-180
16 7
11 8
17 2
!l
1.
2 1 1
'10
841 0
611 1
1 , 1 70
2,118 0
I ,Oll 2
17 6
17 8
64
W 2
217 8
460
860 0
637 I
I I S0
2, 1 16 0
1 .017 I
1 , 9 00
1,'12 0
1 49 0
143 1
410
81S 0
64l 3
1 , 1 90
2, 1 14 0
1 , l . J
1 ,9 1 0
3 ,'10 0
-22 78
-11 12
- 8
- 1 1 61
- I
19 4
18 1
-1 1 1 1
- 6
21 1
18 9
61
-106 67
-m
- 1 0 00
- .
14 8
- 1 ' 0 00
-31)
_ 1 9 ,tJ,
- 3
16 6
-300
- 1 8 89
- 1
18
10 6
_ 1 84
- 1 7 8 87
-190
-1 8 31
- I
10 1
21 7
II I
II
Il
33 8
22 8
Il
11 6
11 3
37 4
11 '
1: 4
16
1 68 8
21 0
71
1 10 6
- 1 73 33
- 1 80
-1 7 8
- I
-1 7 1
-4 \ 7 6
-1 6 7
_4 14 0
-1 6 1
- 1 69 1 1
-173 I I
-SQ 61
- 1 68 8 9
-1Il
- I ! l 78
-lIO
U80 0
14 0
- 10 1 6
1 ,090
-1 0
-370
-330
58/ 1
16 I
- 1 ' 1 16
-101 I I
698 0
II I
-lID
-1'1
-1 1 1 11
170
-I I
- 9
- 60
10 4
1 87 8
13 0
ll O
19 4
20 a
11 I
66
1 10 8
2'S 9
.S O
896 0
6'1 9
1 , 10 0
2.192 0
UI8 9
1 ,190
1 ,9 2 0
61
1 11 6
114
4 90
914 0
614 4
1 ,210
2, 21 0 0
1 ,0 1 '
1 . 910
68
1 14 4
1.0 0
100
911 0
660 0
1 , 1 10
2 , 228 0
1 . 060 0
1 . 9.0
3,39! 0
1 .16 0
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3 . 000
1 ,072 0
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Notes