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(21-52)
Pavua Vei
The article discusses Christian memoriae of a cruciform plan which were built in Istria and Dalmatia from the late antique to the
Romanesque period. It addresses the issue of the duration of their form and function, which is illustrated well by the so-called mausoleum
of Galla Placidia at Ravenna. A compact group of similar buildings consists of the Byzantine memoriae at Pula in southern Istria: the
Cathedral baptistery, the two chapels of the Basilica of Santa Maria Formosa, as well as the Church of St Matthew in front of the town
walls, and the Church of St Catherine on the offshore island. The original appearance and date of the chapel of St Andrew on the island off
Rovinj is a more problematic case. Small churches of a similar shape like St Clements on Vrh outside Pula or St Thomas not far from Rovinj
highlight the continuation of this architectural type during the early middle ages in the region of Pula. A group of similar buildings from
Dalmatia lacks this compactness. The baptistery at Baka on the island of Krk is significantly smaller that the Church of St Martin on the
island of Cres, and both are different from the triconchal interior of the chapel of St Cyprian at Gata and its exterior which was probably
articulated with niches. On the other hand, two early medieval chapels, St Vitus at Zadar, and the Holy Cross at Nin, were identical and
they renewed the models of the early Christian cruciform memoriae. The similarity between their domes and examples from Byzantine
architecture of the tenth and eleventh century is indicative. The Romanesque chapel of St Donatus near Korni on the island of Krk has
an unusual solution which features round apses at the ends of the churchs transverse axis. A church of unknown dedication at the site of
Crkvina near Kai, not far from Zadar, is similar to the ancient type of memoria in its three apses grouped around the east end. Despite
their individual differences, all the memoriae in both groups are linked by a similar cross-shaped form and a funerary function, as well as
the continuity of the shape itself and the function it embodied from late antiquity to the Romanesque in Istria and Dalmatia. The Byzantine
influence on the creation of such memoriae in the cultural landscape of the Adriatic is also noteworthy.
Keywords: cruciform, chapel, memoriae, apse, squinch, drum, dome
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4. Pula, katedrala i krstionica pred njom, 5. i 6. st., tlocrt (izvor: MARIO MIRABELLA ROBERTI /bilj. 37/, 18-19)
Pula, cathedral and the baptistery in front of it, 5th and 6th century, ground plan
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6. Pula, Sta Maria Formosa, 6. st., grafika rekonstrukcija tlocrta bazilike s kapelama (izvor: ELJKO UJI /bilj. 29/, 47)
Pula, Sta Maria Formosa, 6th century, reconstruction of the ground plan with the chapels
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7. Pula, kapela uz baziliku Sta Maria Formosa, 6. st., pogled s boka i sa zaelja (foto: P. Vei)
Pula, chapel next to the basilica of Sta Maria Formosa, 6th century, side- and rear view
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10. Memorija Sv. Katarine na otoiu ispred Pule, 6. ili 7. st., tlocrt, presjek i nacrt proelja Lona Dufournyja, oko 1780. god. (izvor: Tajni arhiv u Vatikanu)
Memoria of St. Catharine on an islet in front of Pula, 6th or 7th century, ground plan, cross-section and drawing of the faade by Lon Dufourny, around 1780
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12. Memorija Sv. Katarine na otoiu ispred Pule, 6. ili 7. st., tlocrt
(izvor: Branko Marui /bilj. 37/, prilog 3, sl. 2)
Memoria of St. Catharine on an islet in front of Pula, 6th or 7th century,
ground plan
11. Memorija Sv. Katarine na otoiu ispred Pule, 6. ili 7. st., prostorni
crte kapele Pietra Nobilea s poetka 19. st. (izvor: Dravni arhiv
Rijeka; foto: S. Babi)
Memoria of St. Catharine on an islet in front of Pula, 6th or 7th century, a
drawing of the chapel by Pietro Nobile, beginning of the 19th century
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14. Memorija Sv. Tome nedaleko Rovinja, 8. ili 9. st., prostorni crte
kapele te grafika rekonstrukcija tlocrta i bokocrta (izvor: Ivan
Mateji /bilj. 42/, T. XVI)
Memoria of St. Thomas near Rovinj, 8th or 9th century, drawing of the
chapel and reconstruction of its ground plan and side-view
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15. Memorija Sv. Klementa na Vrhu ispred Pule, 8. ili 9. st., tlocrt
(a), te nacrt proelja (b) i bokocrt (c) (izvor: BRANKO MARUI
/bilj. 37/, T. IX-X)
Memoria of St. Clement at Vrh in front of Pula, 8th or 9th century, ground
plan, drawing of a faade and the side-view
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20. Memorija Sv. Vida u Zadru, 11. st., prostorni crte G. Smiricha iz 1877. godine, lijevo (izvor: LUKA JELI /bilj. 18/, sl. 36), i memorija
Sv. Kria u Ninu, 11. st., desno (foto: P. Vei)
Memoria of St. Vitus in Zadar, 11th century, drawing by G. Smirich dated in 1877 (left) and memoria of the Holy Cross at Nin, 11th century (right)
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21. Memorija Sv. Kria u Ninu, 11. st., tlocrt te uzduni i popreni
presjek (izvor: Pavua Vei /bilj. 21/, sl. 18)
Memoria of Holy Cross at Nin, 11th century, ground plan, longitudinaland cross section
22. a) Moeja Fatih Cami, biva crkva u mjestu Trilyen u Turskoj, 10. ili 11. st. (izvor: Cyril Mango /bilj. 83/, 94, fig. 138); b) Bogorodiina
crkva u Apoloniji u Albaniji, 11. st. (Vojislav Kora Marica uput, /bilj. 11/, 173); c) Memorija u samostanu Sv. Ivana Krstitelja u
mjestu Vigolo Marchese u Italiji, 11. st. (Romanesque: Architecture... /bilj. 12/, 80)
a) Mosca Fatih Cami former church in Trilyien, Turkey, 10th or 11th century; b) St. Marys in Apolonia, Albania, 11th century; c) Memoria in the
monastery of St. John the Baptist at Vigolo Marchese, Italy
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25. Memorija Sv. Dunata u Korniu na otoku Krku, a) ruevno stanje prije 1913. godine (izvor: LJUBO KARAMAN /bilj. 51/, sl. 8); b) dananje
stanje (foto: P. Vei)
Memoria of St. Donatus at Korni on Krk Island, a) ruined situation before year 1913; b) present situation
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26. Memorija na Crkvini pored Kaia, 13. st., tlocrt (izvor: NIKOLA
JAKI /bilj. 64/, 419)
Memoria at Crkvina near Kai, 13th century, ground plan
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Biljeke
JAMES HALL, Rjenik tema i simbola u umjetnosti, August
Cesarec, Zagreb, 1991., 163-164.
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Summary
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