PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK

SPM 2011

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS
ANJURAN :
JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG (JPN PP)
BAHAGIAN PENYELARASAN PENYERTAAN BUMIPUTERA (BPPB),
UNIT PENYELARASAN PELAKSANAAN,
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI
LEMBAGA KEMAJUAN WILAYAH PULAU PINANG ( PERDA ),
UNIT PENYELARASAN PELAKSANAAN,
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI
PUSAT URUS ZAKAT PULAU PINANG (PUZ),
MAJLIS AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI PULAU PINANG
1

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

ALGEBRAIC FORMULAE ,ALGEBRAIC FRACTION AND VARIATIONS.

1. ALGEBRAIC FORMULAE
1.1 Change the subject of the formula by using operation + . - , x,
EXAMPLE
a) p = q 2r
q = p + 2r

b ) y = 3x + 4
7
7y = 3x + 28

EXERCISE
a) 2ab = m n2 , express m as the subject of the
formula

b) y = 3x 5 ,

express x as the subject of the

formula

3x = 7y 28
x = 7y 28
3
c) 5x + 5a = 2x + b

c) mn + mx = nx m , express x as the subject of the

formula

5x 2x = b 5a
3x = b 5a
x = b 5a
3
1..2 Change the subject of the formula involves change roots and square
roots
EXAMPLE
a)

EXERCISE

3s = f2 t
t
f2 = 3s
t2
3s
f =
t2

a) w = g nh2 , express n as the subject

of the formula

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

Exercise 1.1

1. If v = u + ft, express t in
term v,u and f

2. Given x = 2mn , express n

5
In term of x and m.

3. L = j ( t + j ) express t as the
subject

4. H =

3n + 2 , express n
n-1

as the subject

5. 3 ( 5a b ) = 7
b
express b in term of a.

6.

7.

I =

1 2
j t
3

15
2x y

, then j

= 6 , then x

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

SPM QUESTIONS.
1. SPM 2003, PAPER 1, No. 22
5 p 1

p
=
3

Given that

A.

3(5 p 1) 2
p

3(5 p 2 1)
p2

, then n =

5 p 1

9
p

D.

5 p 1

9
p

2. SPM 2004, PAPER 1 , No. 21

2t
=3
2 1

Given that

then n =

A.

36t + 1

B,

(6t 1)

2t
1
3

D.

2t
+ 1
3

3. SPM 2005, PAPER 1, No. 21.

Given that y =

w
, express w in terms of y .
1+ w

A.

w =

y
1 y

w=

1 y
y

B.

w =

y
1+ y

D.

w =

1+ y
y

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

4. SPM 2006,PAPER 1 , No 21
8m 2 n
=mn + n, express m in term of n
3

Given that

m=

n
8 3n

C.

B. m=

n
3n 8

D.

A.

5.

m=

5n
3n 8

5n
8 3n

m=

SPM JULY 2004, PAPER1, NO. 22

Given that 1 + w =
A.

p=

B.

p=

3 2w
2

5 2p
, then p in terms of w is
2
7w
C.
p=
2

3 w
2

D.

p =

5 4w
2

6. SPM JULY 2005, PAPER1, NO. 20

Given that g(h+1) 3h = 5g, express h in terms of g.
A.

h =

1 4g
2

C.

1 5g
D.
3 g
7. SPM JUN 2006, PAPER1, NO. 21

B.

h=

Given that k =

h=

6g
g 3

h =

4g
g 3

4+m
, then m =
4m

A.

4k 4
1+ k

C.

k 1
1+ k

B.

4k + 4
1 k

D.

k +1
1 k

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

2.

ALGEBRAIC FRACTION

2.1 SUBTRACTION
EXAMPLE
a c

b d

1)

a ce

b
d

3
p

4m n

p rs

q
t

3)

4
p

3m n

4)

4
pq

3m
n

3n 4m( p q )
4mn
1 3a 1

4a
8a 2

5)

2)

3n 4mp
4mn

3
pq

4m
n

e g

f h

ad b(c e)
bd

3)

4)

1)

ad bc
bd

2)

EXERCISE

1 3a 1

8a
4a 2

5)

8a 2 4a (3a 1)
4a (8a 2 )

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

Exercise 2.1

1 2

a b

1.

2.

2 3e

b
d

3.

2 4

5m n

4.

4
p3

5m
n
1 2a 1

8a
4a 2

5.

2.2 SIMPLIFY THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

EXAMPLE
2m 4
2

1.

2( m 2)
2

m-2
4m 2
2

2.

2(2m 1)
2

2m 1

EXERCISE
1.

2a 4
2

2.

4b 2
2

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

4mn 2m
2m

3.

2m(2n 1)
2m

2n -1
4m 2 2m
2m

4.

=
=
5

4ab 2a
2a

3.

4.

4 n 2 2n
2n

5.

n 2 2n
n

2m(2m 1)
2m

2m -1
m 2 2m
m
m ( m 2)
m
m-2

=
=

CLONE PAST YEAR QUESTIONS.

EXAMPLE
1 n4
1.

2n 6n 2
=

(1)(6n 2 ) (2n)(n 4)
(2n)(6n 2 )
6 n 2 ( 2 n 2 8n )
12n 3

4 n 2 + 8n
12n 3

4 n ( n + 2)
12n3

n+2
3n 2
8

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

EXERCISE 2.2

1.

1 2n 1

4 n 8n 2

2.

1 4m 1

3m
6m 2

3.

1 3m 1

2 m 8m 2

SPM QUESTIONS.
1

SPM 2003, Paper 1,No. 21

h+3 2h

=
3h
h

A.

2h 3
3h

C.

2h 3
3h

B.

2h + 1
3h

D.

4h 3
3h
9

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

2.

SPM 2004, Paper 1, No .19

Express

3.

7n 4
9n 2

C.

n2
9n 2

B.

5n 4
9n 2

D.

n+2
9n 2

SPM 2005,Paper 1, NO.20

p 1 p

3m
m

as a single fraction in its simplest form.

C.

4p 3
3m

D.

2p 3
3m

A.

m
n

C.

m2
n2

B.

m
n2

D.

3m 2
4n

A.

B.

pm 3m p
3m 2
pm 3m + p
3m

SPM 2006,Paper 1, NO.20

Simplify (3n2 + mn) x

5.

as a single fraction in its simplest form.

A.

Express

2 4n

3n 9n

m
n (m + 3n )
2

SPM JULY 2004, Paper 1, NO.21

Express

m + 4 2(1 3m)

as a single fraction in its simplest form.

2
3

A.

2 5m
6

C.

15m + 8
6

B.

7m + 2
6

D.

8 9m
6
10

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

6.

SPM JULY 2005, Paper 1, NO.19

7
m4

as a single fraction in its simplest form.

12m 4m 2
m 1
m3
C.
2
3m
3m 2

Express
A.

B.
7.

m +1
3m 2

SPM JUN 2006, Paper 1, NO.20

Express

3.

m+3
3m 2

D.

m 1 m
+
as a single fraction in its simplest form.
n
2n

A.

1+ m
2n

C.

1
2n 2

B.

m+n
2n

D.

1
3n

VARIATIONS
DIRECT VARIATION
a)

b)

The variable y varies directly as the variable x if and only if

y
is a constant.
x
The equation connecting y and x
y x
y = kx ,

k = constant

EXAMPLE 1
P varies directly as Q. Given that P =

1
when Q = 2,
3

Express P in term of Q.

Answer:

P Q
1
= k ( 2)
3
1
k =
6
1
P= Q
6

P = kQ
k = constant

11

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

Excercise 3.11
Given that P varies directly as Q. Complete the following table.
No

10

1
2

1
6

4
5

6.

7.

4
3

k( constant)

expression P = kQ

1
12

h-4

F varies directly as G. Given that F = , when

G = 3, Express F in term of G.

P varies directly as x and p = 10 , when x = 5, Express

P in term of x.

EXAMPLE 2
S varies directly as t 3 and S = 32 when t = 2. Express S
In term of t and find S when t =
S t 3
S = k t3
32 = k(2) 3
32 = 8k
k = 4
Expression
S = 4t 3
12

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

When t =

S=

4t

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

3
3

1
S = 4
2
1 1
S = 4 =
8 2

Exercise 3.12
Given that S varies directly as t 3. Complete the following table:
No.
a
b
c
d
e
f

S
5
16

t
1
2
3
4

128
2

Expression S = k t

3.2 INVERSE VARIATION

a)

The variable y varies inversely as the variable x if and only if xy

Is a constant

b)

Expressing in the form of an equation

y

1
x

y =

k
, k = constant
x

EXAMPLE 1
1.

Given that y varies inversely as x and y = 6 when x = 4. Express y

in term of x and find the value of y when x = 3.
y
y =
6 =

1
x
k
, k = constant
x
k
,
k = 24
4

Express y =

24
x

y =

13

24
,y =8
3

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

Exercise 3.21
1.

Given that y varies inversely as x, Complete the following table.

No.

1
2
1
3

12

g
2.

3.

12
1
3
1
4

14

Given that y varies inversely as x and x = 4 , when y= 3.

Express y in term of x. Find the value of y when x = 6.

1
.
3
1
Express p in term of x. Find the value of p when x = 3
3

Given that p varies inversely as x and p = 6 when x =

14

Expression y =

k
x

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

EXAMPLE 2
Given that S varies inversely as the square root of v and S = 6 when
v = 9. Express S in term of v. Find the value of S when v = 4.
S
S =

1
v
k
v

k
9
k = 18

6=

Expression
when

S =

18
v

v=4 , S =

18
4

18
=9
2

Exercise 3.22
1.

2.

Given that s varies inversely as square root of v. Complete the following

table :

No.

Expression s =

16

27

Given that p varies inversely as q 2 . Given that p = 4 when q = 3.

Express p in term q . Find the value of p when q = 2.

15

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

3.

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

Given that y varies inversely as x. If y = 3 and x =2. Write the equation

connecting y and x.

3.3

JOINT VARIATION
A quantity is proportional to two or more other quantities.
EXAMPLE
a)

P varies directly as q and varies inversely as v

P

q
v

kq
,k = constant
v
P varies directly as square root of q and varies inversely as r

P=

b)

q
r
k q
P=
, k = constant
r

c)

M varies inversely as x and square root of y.

M

M =

1
x y
k
x y

, k = constant

16

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

EXAMPLE 1
Given that m

:m

and m = 3 and y = 16 . Express m in term x and y . Find

x y
the value of y when m = 9 and x = 12.
Solution

x y

m =

3=

k
x y
k
=
3 16

k
k
=
3 4
12

k = 36 ,
expression
9 =

y =

m =

36
x y

36
12 y
36
9 12
2

1
1
=
9
3

Exercise 3.31
1.

Given that m

1
x y

, Complete the following table :-

No.

17

express m =

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

2.

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

Given that y varies directly as x and z , and y = 6 when

x=

1
1
dan z = 2. Find the value of y when x= 8 and z =
.
3
6

3.
z
y
x

10
25
2

8
36
p

The table above shows some values of variables z,y and x

y
such that z
, Express z in term x dan y .
x

4.

5.

If y varies directly as x and inversely as z and y = 6 when x= 2

and z = 5, find the value of z when y = 35 and x = 7.

q
and p = 9 when q = 24 and r = 2. Find the value of q
r3
When p = 6 and r = -1.

Given that p

18

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

SPM QUESTIONS
1.SPM 2003,PAPER 1,NO: 35
Given that p is directly proportinal to n 2 and p = 36 when n = 3 ,Express p
in terms of n .
p = n2

B p = 4 n2

p= 9 n 2

D p= 12 n 2

2.SPM 2003,PAPER 1,NO: 36

Table 1 shows some values of the variables w,x and y, which satisfy the relationship
x

18

Table 1
Calculate the value of n.
A

12

36

3.SPM 2004,PAPER 1,NO: 38

P varies directly as the square root of Q. The relation between P and Q is
1
1
1
A . P Q 2
B. P Q 2
C. P 1
D. P 2
Q
Q2
4.SPM 2004,PAPER 1,NO: 39
Table 2 shows the relation between three variables, p,m and r.
p
m
r
3

Table 2
m
Given that p
,calculate the value of w.
r
A 16
B 24
C 36
D 81
19

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

5. SPM 2005,PAPER 1,NO: 36

Table 3 shows some values of the variables x and y,such that y varies inversely as the
square root of x.
x
y

16

3
Table 3

Find the relation between y and x.

A

y=3 x

12

y=

y=

3 2
x
8

y=

96
x2

6. SPM 2005, PAPER 1,NO: 37

It is given that y varies directly as the square root of x and y = 15 when x = 9.
Calculate the value of x when y = 30.
A

18

25

36

7. SPM 2005, PAPER 1,NO: 38

Table 4 shows some values of the variables w, x and y such that w varies directly as the
square of x and inversely as y.
w
40
m

x
4
6

y
2
4
Table 4

Calculate the value of m.

A

90

45

30

15

8. SPM 2006,PAPER 1,NO: 36

It is given that w varies directly with the cube of p and w = 8 when p= 4.
Calculate the value of p when w = 27.
A

3
8

3
2

20

24

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS

9. SPM 2006,PAPER 1,NO: 37

It is given that y

and y = 3 when x = 36.

x
Calculate the value of y when x = 4.
A
2
B
9
C
18

48

10.SPM 2006,PAPER 1,NO: 38

Table 3 shows two sets of values of p,q and r which satisfy r pq
p
q
r

8
3
4

w
10
12

Table 3
Calculate the value of w.
A
0.2
B

1.2

2.4

7.2

11. SPM JULY 2004,PAPER1,NO: 37

n
. It is given that p = 4 when n = 4 dan r = 6.
r
Calculate the value of p when n = 64 and r = 3.

The relation between p, n and r is p

16

24

32

12. SPM JULY 2004,PAPER 1,NO: 38

It is given that p varies inversely with w and p = 6 when w = 2.
Express p in terms of w.
A

p=

3
w

p=

12
w

p = 3w

21

p = 12w

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011

SPM

13. SPM JULY 2005,PAPER1,NO: 37

Table 4 shows values of the variables x and y.
x

15

It is given that x varies directly with y.

Calculate the value of m.
A

12

15

P=

14. SPM JULY 2005,PAPER 1,NO: 38

P varies directly with the square of R and inversely with Q.
It is given that P = 2 when Q = 3 and R = 4 .
Express P in terms of R and Q.
3R 2
P=
8Q

P=

32Q
3R 2

P=

3 R
Q

4Q
3 R

15. SPM JUN 2006,PAPER 1,NO: 36

It is given that y varies inversely with x and y = 21 when x = 3.
Express y in terms of x.
y = 7x

y=

x
7

y=

1
63 x

y=

63
x

16. SPM JUN 2006,PAPER 1,NO: 37

Table 2 shows two sets of values of Y ,V and W
Y
3
5
m

V
3

W
12

18

Table 2
It is given that Y varies directly with the square of V and inversely with W.
Find the value of m
A

5
3

4
9

10
9

D
22

6
25

MODULE 12
MATHEMATICS