Professional Documents
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Tong Hop Ngu Phap Cho Ky ThiTOEIC
Tong Hop Ngu Phap Cho Ky ThiTOEIC
NH XUT BN GIO DC
B GIO DC V O TO
ENGLISH ONLINE
Ng php
TING ANH
n thi Toeic
( Ti bn ln th 10)
NH XUT BN GIO DC
210/GD-01/1744/506-00
M s: O7655T8
Bi 1: Cc ch im ng php c
hi trong bi thi TOEIC
Bi 11: Danh t
Bi 12: Mo t
Bi 13: i t
Bi 14: Cc loi cu hi
Bi 15: Tnh t v trng t
Bi 16: So snh
Bi 17: Gii t
Bi 18: B ng
Bi 19: Ha hp ch ng- ng t
Bi 20: Cu iu kin
Bi 21: Mnh quan h
Bi 22: Gin lc mnh quan h
Bi 23: Mnh danh ng
Bi 24: Mnh trng ng
Bi 25: Lin t
Bi 26: Qu kh phn t (ed) v hin ti phn t (Ving)
Bi 27: Cu gi nh
C th ni, nh mt phn vai tr ln l trnh n li kin thc
ng php cho nhng ai mi bt tay vo n thi Toeic cng
nh khng t ngi ang v s mong mun c trong tay
chng ch gi tr ny. Hy lun ghi nh s n lc ca bn s
quyt nh bn c th nm c hay khng lng kin thc
Ting Anh cn thit trc khi t tin ng k thi chc chn
c cho mnh mt im s Toeic cao. Chc cc bn thnh
cng v hy bt u vi quyt tm cao nht nh!
HIN TI N
HIN TI TIP DIN
quen, mt hnh
ra ti hin ti.
ng xy ra thng Ex:
xuyn lp i lp li - The children are playing football now.
hin ti.
- What are you doing at the moment?
Ex:
2. Dng theo sau cu ngh, mnh
- He watches TV
lnh.
every night.
- What do you do
Ex:
every day?
- Look! The child is crying.
- I go to school by
- Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the
bicycle.
next room.
2. Din t mt chn
l, mt s tht hin
nhin.
Ex:
- The sun rises in the
East.
- Tom comes from
England.
- I am a student.
3. Th ny cn c dng din t
mt hnh ng sp xy ra. (TH
TNG LAI GN)
Ex:
- He is coming tomorrow.
- My parents are planting trees
tomorrow.
HIN TI N
loi 1
Ex:
- We will not believe
you unless we see it
ourselves.
- If she asks you, tell
her that you do not
know.
IV. Spelling
HIN TI N
- Ta thm S hnh thnh
ngi 3 s t ca hu ht
cc ng t. Nhng ta
thm ES khi ng t c
tn cng l o, sh, s, ch, x,
z.
Ex: He teaches French.
- ng t tn cng l 1 nguyn
- Nu ng t tn cng l m gia 2 ph m th nhn i
y v ng trc n l mt ph m cui ln ri thm ing.
ph m, th ta i y thnh i Ex:
trc khi thm es.
run --> running
5
HIN TI N
Ex:
- He tries to help her.
- She studies at China.
S + has/have + PII.
()
(?)
Has/Have + S + PII?
Yes, S + has/have.
No, S + has/have + not.
2. Cch s dng:
2.1. Din t mt hnh ng xy ra mt thi im
khng xc nh trong qu kh.
- Khng c thi gian xc nh.
7
John has traveled around the world (We dont know when)
Have you passed your driving test?
- Hoc i vi cc t: just, recently, already, yet,
- Hnh ng lp li nhiu ln cho n thi im hin ti.
I have watched Iron Man several times.
- Sau cu trc so snh hn nht ta dng th hin ti hon
thnh.
It is the most borning book that I have ever read.
- Sau cu trc: This/It is the first/second times, phi dng
th hin ti hon thnh.
This is the first time he has driven a car.
Its the second times he has lost his passport.
2.2. Din t mt hnh ng bt u din ra trong qu kh
v vn cn hin ti.
- C cc t ch thi gian i cng nh: since, for, ever, never,
up to now, so far,
Jonh has lived in that house for 20 years. (He still live there)
=John has lived in that house since 1989 (Hin nay l 2012)
3. Cc t i vi th hin ti hon thnh
- Since + thi im trong qu kh: since 1982, since
Junuary.: k t khi
For + khong thi gian: for three days, for ten minutes, .:
trong vng
I havent heard from her for 2 months.
8
- So far: cho n by gi
We havent finished the English tenses so far.
- Up to now, up to the present, up to this moment, until
now, until this time: n tn by gi.
She hasnt come up to now.
- Ever: tng bao gi cha
EVER ch dng trong cu nghi vn
Have you ever gone abroad?
- Never before: cha bao gi
I have never eaten a mango before. Have you eaten a
mango?
- In/Over/During/For + the + past/last + time: trong thi
gian qua
It has rained in the past week.
She hasnt talked to me over the last 4 days.
4. Phn bit gone to v been to
- gone to: i cha v
Ann is on holiday. She has gone to Paris.
> C ngha l by gi c y ang hoc ang trn
ng n .
- been to: i v ri
Ann is back to English now. She has been to Paris.
> C y tng Paris nhng gi v Anh ri.
10
11
12
Bi 4: Qu kh n, qu kh tip din
TH QU KH TIP
DIN
1. To be:
S + was/were + Adj/ Noun
- I, he, she, it , N(s t) + Was
- You, we, they, N(s nhiu) + Were S + was/were + V-ing
2. Verbs:
S + V qu kh
II. Cch s dng:
TH QU KH N
TH QU KH TIP DIN
13
TH QU KH N
Din t mt hnh
ng xy ra v
chm dt hon
ton trong qu
kh.
Ex:
- Tom went to Paris
last summer.
- My mother left this
city two years ago.
- He died in 1980.
TH QU KH TIP DIN
1. Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra
ti mt thi im trong qu kh.
Ex: What were you doing at 8:30 last
night?
2. Din t hnh ng ang xy ra (
qu kh) th c 1 hnh ng khc
xem vo. (Hnh ng ang xy ra
dng QK tip din, hnh ng xen
vo dng QK n)
Ex:
- When I came yesterday, he was
sleeping.
- What was she doing when you saw
her?
3. Din t hnh ng xy ra song
song cng 1 lc qu kh.
Ex: Yesteday, I was cooking while my
sister was washing the dishes.
14
Bi 5: Qu kh hon thnh, qu kh
hon thnh tip din
QU KH HON
THNH TIP DIN
Cng thc chung:
S + had been+ V-ing
Ex: She had been
carrying a heavy bags.
15
QU KH HON THNH
1975.
QU KH HON
THNH TIP DIN
1. Din t 1 hnh ng xy ra
trc mt hnh ng khc
trong Qu kh (nhn mnh tnh
tip din)
16
TL TIP DIN
TL GN
1. D nh s lm
S + will + be + Vg
ing
S + am/is/are +
Ex:
going to + V-inf
- Will you be waiting
Ex: Where are you
for
going to
her when her plane
spend your
arrives tonight?
holiday?
- Don't phone me
between
2. Sp sa lm g
7 and 8. We'll be
S + am/is/are + Vhaving dinner then.
inf
17
TL N
"to".
- I/ We + shall
- I/ We/ You/ He/
She... + will
- will/shall = 'll
- will not = won't
- shall not = shan't
Ex:
- She will be a good
mother.
- We will go to
England next year.
TL TIP DIN
TL GN
Ex: My father is
retiring.
TL TIP DIN
1. Din t mt
hnh ng
ang xy ra ti
mt thi
im xc nh
tng lai.
Ex:
- At 10 o'clock
2. Din t li d tomorrow morning
on khng
he will be working.
c cn c.
- I will be watching
Ex:
TV at 9
- People wont go to o'clock tonight.
Jupiter before
the 22nd century. 2. Din t hnh
- Who do you think ng ang
xy ra tng lai
will get the job?
18
TL GN
1. Din t mt k
hoch,
d nh.
Ex:
- I have won $1,000.
I am
going to buy a new
TV.
- When are you
going
to go on holiday?
2. Din t mt li
d on
da vo bng
chng hin ti.
Ex:
TL N
TL TIP DIN
th c 1
3. Dng trong cu hnh ng khc
ngh.
xy ra.
Ex:
Ex:
- Will you shut the - I will be studying
door?
when you
- Shall I open the
return this evening.
window?
- They will be
- Shall we dance? travelling in
Italy by the time
4. Cu ha hn
you arrive here.
Ex: I promise I will
call you as
soon as i arrive.
TL GN
- The sky is very
black. It is
going to snow.
- I crashed the
company car.
My boss isnt going
to bevery happy!
TL GN
- Ta dng be going to khi
quyt nh lm iu g ri,
ln lch sn lm ri.
Ex:
Mother: Can you repair Tom's
bicycle? It has a flat type.
Father: Yes, I know. He told
me. I'm going to repair it
tomorrow.
TL TIP DIN
at this time
tomorrow
TL GN
xc nh c th
tng lai gn,
19
TL N
day/week/month...
someday
soon
as soon as
until...
...
20
TL TIP DIN
at this moment
next year
at present next
Friday
at 5 p.m
tomorrow...
TL GN
cn da vo ng
cnh v cc
bng chng hin
ti.
2. Cch s dng:
- Din t 1 hnh ng s
hon tt vo 1 thi im
cho trc tng lai.
Ex:
+ I'll have finished my work
by noon.
+ They'll have built that
2. Cch s dng:
- Din t 1 hnh ng bt u t
qu kh v ko di n 1 thi
im cho trc tng lai.
Ex:
+ By November, we'll have been
living in this house for 10 years.
+ By March 15th, I'll have been
21
TL HON THNH
TL HON THNH TIP DIN
house by July next year.
working for this company for 6
+ When you come back, I'll years.
have written this letter.
3. Du hiu nhn bit:
Cc cm t ch thi gian i 3. Du hiu nhn bit:
km:
Cc cm t ch thi gian i km:
- By + mc thi gian (by the - By ... for (+ khong thi gian)
end of, by tomorrow)
- By then
- By the time
- By then
- By the time
Bi 8: Tng hp thi th
Trong cc bi trc chng ta hc v cc th sau trong
ting Anh:
Bi 2: Hin ti n, HT tip din
Bi 3: Hin ti han thnh, HTHT tip din
Bi 4: Qu kh n, QK tip din
Bi 5: Qa kh hon thnh, QKHT tip din
Bi 6: Tng lai n, TL tip din
Bi 7: Tng lai hon thnh, TLHT tip din
Cc bn n li bi ri lm bi tp tng hp v cc th sau y
nh!
22
Bi 9: Cc dng thc ca ng t:
Ving, To do
TO-INFINITIVE
Cch dng To-infinitive:
1. Verb + to do
Nhng ng t sau c theo sau
trc tip bi to-infinitive: agree,
appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide,
determine, be determined, fail,
endeavour, forget, happen, hope,
learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare,
promise, prove, refuse, remember,
seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer,
expect, want, mean,...
Ex:
2. Mt s cch dng - She agreed to pay $50.
L ch ng ca cu:
dancing bored him.
B ng ca ng t:
her hobby is painting.
L b ng: Seeing is
believing.
Sau gii t: He was
accused of smuggling.
Sau mt vi ng t:
avoid, mind, enjoy,...
23
GERUND
c bit
TO-INFINITIVE
- Two men failed to return from the
expedition.
+ Nhng ng t sau - The remants refused to leave.
c theo sau bi V- - She volunteered to help the disabled.
ing: admit, avoid,
- He learnt to look after himself.
delay, enjoy, excuse,
condiser, deny, finish, 2. Verb +
imagine, forgive, keep, how/what/when/where/which/why +
mind, miss, postpone, to do
practise, resist, risk, Nhng ng t s dng cng thc
stop, remember,
ny l:
forget, regret, suggest, ask, decide, discover, find out, forget,
like, propose, detest, know, learn, remember, see, show,
dread, resent, pardon, think, understand, want to know,
try, fancy.
wonder...
Ex:
Ex:
- He admitted taking - He discovered how to open the safe.
the money.
- I found out where to buy fruit
- Would you consider cheaply.
selling the property? - She couldn't think what to say.
- He kept complaining. - I showed her which button to press.
- He didn't want to risk
3. Verb + Object + to do
getting wet.
Nhng ng t theo cng thc ny l:
+ Verbs +
advise, allow, enable, encourage,
prepositions:
forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, let,
apologize for, accuse order, permit, persuade, request,
of, insist on, feel like, remind, see, train, urge, want, tempt...
congratulate on,
Ex:
suspectof, look
- These glasses will enable you to see
forward to, dream of, in the dark.
succeed in, object to, - She encouraged me to try again.
approve/disapprove
- They forbade her to leave the house.
of...
- They persuaded us to go with them.
24
GERUND
TO-INFINITIVE
Ex:
- Stop smoking: dng ht thuc.
- Stop to smoke: dng li ht thuc
Remember/forget/regret to do: nh/qun/tic s phi lm g
( hin ti tng lai)
Remember/forget/regret Ving: nh/qun/tic lm g (
qu kh)
Ex:
- Remember to send this letter (hy nh gi bc th ny)
- Dont forget to buy flowers (ng qun mua hoa nh)
- I regret to inform you that the train was cancelled (ti rt tic
phi bo tin cho anh rng chuyn tu b hy)
- I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying
her $2. (ti nh tr c y 2 la ri)
- She will never forget meeting the Queen. (c y khng bao
gi qun ln gp n hong)
- He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in
his life. (Anh y hi tic v b hc qu sm)
Try to do: c gng lm g
Try Ving: th lm g
Ex:
- I try to pass the exam. (ti c gng vt qua k thi)
- You should try unlocking the door with this key. (bn nn th
m ca vi chic kha ny)
26
28
I. CAN COULD
A. CAN
CAN ch c 2 th: Hin ti v Qu kh n. Nhng hnh thc
khc ta dng ng t tng ng be able to. CAN cng
c th c dng nh mt tr ng t hnh thnh mt s
cch ni ring.
1. CAN v COULD c ngha l c th, din t mt kh nng
(ability).
Can you swim?
She could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
2. Trong vn ni (colloquial speech), CAN c dng thay
cho MAY din t mt s cho php (permission) v th ph
nh CANNOT c dng din t mt s cm on
(prohibition).
In London buses you can smoke on the upper deck, but you
cant smoke downstairs.
3. CAN cng din t mt iu c th xy n (possibility).
Trong cu hi v cu cm thn CAN c ngha l Is it
possible?
Can it be true?
It surely cant be four oclock already!
4. CANNOT c dng din t mt iu kh c th xy ra
(virtual impossibility).
He cant have missed the way. I explained the route carefully.
5. Khi dng vi ng t tri gic (verbs of perception) CAN cho
ngha tng ng v i th Tip din (Continuous Tense).
30
Listen! I think I can hear the sound of the sea. (khng dng I
am hearing)
B. COULD
1. COULD l th qu kh n ca CAN.
She could swim when she was five.
2. COULD cn c dng trong cu iu kin.
If you tried, you could do that work.
3. Trong cch ni thn mt, COULD c xem nh nhiu
tnh cht lch s hn CAN.
Can you change a 20-dollar note for me, please?
Could you tell me the right time, please?
4. COULD c dng din t mt s ng vc hay mt li
phn khng nh nhng.
His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.
I could do the job today, but Id rather put it off until
tomorrow.
5. COULD WAS/WERE ABLE TO
- Nu hnh ng din t mt kh nng, mt kin thc,
COULD c dng thng hn WAS/WERE ABLE TO.
He hurt his foot, and he couldnt play in the match.
The door was locked, and I couldnt open it.
- Nu cu ni hm mt s thnh cng trong vic thc hin
hnh ng (succeeded in doing) th WAS/WERE ABLE TO
c s dng ch khng phi COULD.
31
39
Bi 11: Danh t
41
3. Xc nh danh t m c v khng m c
(Countable noun/ Non-countable noun):
Danh t ng vai tr lm ch ng trong cu cn c xc
nh chnh xc l danh t s t hay s nhiu, m c hay
khng m c chia th cho ph hp vi ng t. Nh
mt phn trng tm trong chuyn danh t, chng ta hy
cng ghi nh nhng danh t c bit sau.
Danh t m c: L danh t c th dng c vi s
m, do n c 2 hnh thi s t v s nhiu. N dng c
vi a hay vi the.
V d: One book, two books,
Danh t khng m c: Khng dng c vi s m,
do n khng c hnh thi s t, s nhiu. N khng th
dng c vi a, cn the ch trong mt s trng hp c
42
WITH COUNTABLE
NOUN
this, that, these, those
none, one, two,
three,...
many
a lot of
a [large / great]
number of
(a) few
fewer... than
more....than
Mt s t khng m c nn bit:
money
sand
news
food
measles (bnh
meat
si)
water
soap
information
physics
air
mathematics
mumps (bnh quai
politics
b)
homework
economics
45
Bi 12: Mo t
n sng lc 8h)
- Tr khi mun m ch mt ba n c th:
V d:
The dinner that you invited me last week were delecious.
(Ba tra bn mi ti tun trc rt ngon).
Khng dng the trc mt s danh t nh: home, bed,
church, court, jail, prison, hospital, school, class, college,
university v.v khi n i vi cc ng t v gii t ch
chuyn ng ch i n l mc ch chnh hoc ra khi
cng v mc ch chnh:
V d:
Students go to school everyday. (Hng ngy hc sinh ti
trng)
The patient was released from hospital. (Bnh nhn c
xut vin)
- Nhng nu n hoc ra khi khng v m c ch chnh
th dng the.
V d:
Students go to the school for a class party. (Sinh vin ti
trng tham gia lin hoan)
The doctor left the hospital for lunch. (Bc s r i bnh vin
i n tra)
2.2. Bng s dng the v khng s dng the trong
mt s trng hp in hnh
C "The"
Khng "The"
+ Dng trc tn cc i
+ Trc tn mt h
dng, sng ngi, bin, vnh Lake Geneva
v cc cm h (s nhiu)
The Red Sea, the Atlantic
Ocean, the Persian Gufl, the
Great Lakes
+ Trc tn mt ngn ni
50
C "The"
+ Trc tn cc dy ni:
The Rocky Mountains
+ Trc tn nhng vt th
duy nht trong v tr hoc
trn th gii:
The earth, the moon
+ The schools, colleges,
universities + of + danh t
ring
The University of Florida
+ The + s th t + danh t
The third chapter.
+ Trc tn cc cuc chin
tranh khu vc vi iu kin
tn khu vc phi c
tnh t ho
The Korean War (=> The
Vietnamese economy)
Khng "The"
Mount Vesuvius
+ Trc tn cc hnh tinh hoc
cc chm sao
Venus, Mars
+ Trc tn cc trng ny
nu trc n l mt tn ring
Stetson University
+ Trc cc danh t i cng
vi mt s m
Chapter three, Word War One
+ Trc tn cc nc ch c
mt t:
China, France, Venezuela,
Vietnam
+ Trc tn cc nc m u
bng New, mt tnh t ch
+ Trc tn cc nc c hai hng:
t tr ln (ngoi tr Great
New Zealand, North Korean,
Britain)
France
The United States, The
Central African Republic
+ Trc tn cc lc a, tnh,
+ Trc tn cc nc c tiu bang, thnh ph, qun,
coi l mt qun o hoc mt huyn:
qun o
Europe, Florida
The Philipines, The Virgin
Islands, The Hawaii
51
C "The"
Khng "The"
+ Trc tn bt k mn th
+ Trc tn cc ti liu hoc thao no
s kin lch s
baseball, basketball
The Constitution, The Magna
Carta
+ Trc cc danh t tru
tng (tr mt s trng hp
+ Trc tn cc nhm dn
c bit):
tc thiu s
freedom, happiness
the Indians
+ Trc tn cc mn hc ni
chung
+ Trc tn cc mn hc c mathematics
th
The Solid matter Physics
+ Trc tn cc ngy l, tt
Christmas, Thanksgiving
+ Trc tn cc nhc c khi
cp n cc nhc c
+ Trc tn cc loi hnh nhc
ni chung hoc khi chi cc c trong cc hnh thc m
nhc c .
nhc c th (Jazz, Rock,
The violin is difficult to play
classical music..)
Who is that on the piano
To perform jazz on trumpet and
piano
52
Bi 13: i t
all, one, none, other, another, much, less, (a) few, (a)
little, enough, each, either, neither.
2.3. i t s hu (Possessive pronouns)
Gm: mine, yours, hers, his, ours, yours, theirs
i t s hu = tnh t s hu + danh t.
V d:
This is our room = this is ours. (y l phng ca chng ti)
Youve got my pen. Wheres yours? (Bn va cm bt ca t.
Bt ca bn u ri?)
2.4. i t phn thn (Reflexive pronouns)
Gm: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves
Ch : ourselves, yourselves, themselves l hnh thc
s nhiu.
Chc nng:
Lm tn ng ca ng t khi ch ng v tn ng l cng
mt ngi:
V d:
I cut myself. (T ti ct)
Tom and Ann blamed themselves for the accident. (Tom v
Ann t chu trch nhim v v tai nn)
c s dng nh trng hp trn sau ng t + gii t:
V d:
He spoke to himself. (Anh y t nh)
Look after yourself. (Hy t chm sc bn thn)
55
Bi 14: Cc loi cu hi
Ana knows someone from UK. => Whom does Ana know
from UK?
2.3 When, Where, How v Why: Cu hi b ng
Dng khi mun bit ni chn, thi gian, l do, cch thc ca
hnh ng.
When/ where/
why/ how
+ tr ng t(be,
do, does, did)
+ S + V + b ng (+
tn ng)?
V d:
How did Maria get to school today?
When did he move to London?
Why did she leave so early?
3. Cu hi phc (embedded question)
L cu hoc cu hi cha trong n mt cu hi khc. Cu c
hai thnh phn ni vi nhau bng mt t nghi vn (question
word). ng t mnh th hai (mnh nghi vn) phi i
sau v chia theo ch ng, khng c o v tr nh cu
hi c lp.
S + V + question word( t hi) + S + V
V d:
The authorities cant figure out why the plane
landed at the wrong airport.
We havent assertained where the meeting will take place.
Tr ng t + S + V + question word + S + V
V d:
60
V d:
I have no idea how long the interview will take.
Do you know how often the bus run at night?
Can you tell me how far the museum is from the store?
4. Cu hi ui (tag questions)
Trong cu hi ui, ngi t cu hi a ra mt mnh
(mnh chnh) nhng khng hon ton chc chn v tnh
ng / sai ca mnh , do vy h dng cu hi dng ny
kim chng v mnh a ra.
V d:
He should stay in bed, shouldnt he? (Anh y nn yn trn
ging, c phi khng?)
She has been studying English for two years, hasnt she?
There are only twenty-eight days in February, arent there?
Its raining now, isnt it? (Tri vn cn ma, phi khng?)
You and I talked with the professor yesterday, didnt we?
You wont be leaving for now, will you?
Jill and Joe havent been to VN, have they?
Cu hi ui chia lm hai thnh phn tch bit nhau bi
du phy theo quy tc sau:
V d:
You have two children, havent you? (British English)
You have two children, dont you? (American English)
62
V d:
Its something strange. (Th g l th)
He is somebody quite unknown. (Anh y l ngi kh im hi
lng ting)
- Tnh t c chia lm 2 loi l tnh t m t (Descriptive
adjective) v tnh t gii hn (Limiting adjective). Tnh t m
t l cc tnh t ch mu sc, kch c, cht lng ca mt vt
hay ngi. Tnh t gii hn l tnh t ch s lng, khong
cch, tnh cht s hu, Tnh t khng thay i theo ngi
v s ca danh t m n b ngha, tr trng hp ca
these v those.
TNH T M T
TNH T GII HN
beautiful
one, two
s m
large
first, second
s th t
red
my, your, his
tnh cht s hu
interesting
this, that, these, those i t ch nh
important
few, many, much
s lng
colorful
- Khi tnh t m t b ngha cho mt danh t m c s t,
n thng c mo t a, an hoc the ng trc nh: a
pretty girl, an interesting book, the red dress.
- Tnh t i trc danh t nhng i sau lin t . Tnh t ch
b ngha cho danh t , i t v lin t.
- Nu trong mt cm t c nhiu tnh t cng b ngha cho
mt danh t th th t cc tnh t s nh sau: tnh t s
hu hoc mo t, opinion( kin), size(kch c), age(tui
tc), shape(hnh dng), color(mu sc), origin(ngun
gc), material(cht liu), purpose(mc ch). Ch rng
tnh t s hu (my, your, our) hoc mo t (a, an, the)
nu c th lun i trc cc tnh t khc. Nu dng mo t
th khng dng tnh t s hu v ngc li. V d v th t
sp xp cc tnh t:
a silly young English man (Mt ngi n ng ngi Anh tr
64
kh kho)
the huge round metal bowl (Mt ci bt bng kim loi trn to)
art/po opini
shap col origi materi purpo nou
size age
ss
on
e
or
n
al
se
n
youn
Engli
a
silly
man
g
sh
hug
roun
bow
the
metal
e
d
l
sma
sleepin
my
red
bag
ll
g
2. Trng ng (ph t)
Ph t b ngha cho ng t, cho mt tnh t hoc cho mt
ph t khc. N tr li cho cu hi How?
V d:
Rita drank too much. (How much did Rita drink?)
I dont play tenis very well. (How well do I play?)
He was driving carelessly. (How was he driving?)
John is reading carefully. (How is John reading?)
She speaks Spanish fluently. (How does she speak
Spanish?)
- Thng thng, cc tnh t m t c th bin i thnh ph
t bng cch thm ui -ly vo tnh t.
V d: He is a careful driver. He always drives carefully.
TNH T PH T
bright
brightly
65
TNH T PH T
careful carefully
quiet
quietly
Tuy nhin, c mt s tnh t khng theo quy tc trn:
* Mt s tnh t c bit: good => well; hard => hard; fast =>
fast;
V d:
She is a good singer. She sings very well.
* Mt s tnh t cng c tn cng l ui -ly (lovely, friendly)
nn thay th cho ph t ca cc tnh t ny, ngi ta
dng: in a + Adj + way/ manner.
V d:
He is a friendly man. He behaved me in a friendly way.
Cc t sau cng l ph t : so, very, almost, soon, often,
fast, rather, well, there, too. Cc ph t c chia lm 6
loi sau:
ADVERB OF
EXAMPLE
TELL US
Trng ng
V d
ngha
Manner(cch thc)
Degree(mc )
Frequency(tn
sut)
Time(thi gian)
Place(ni chn)
Disjunctive(quan
66
happily,
bitterly
totally,
completely
never, often
ADVERB OF
EXAMPLE
TELL US
Trng ng
V d
ngha
im)
frankly
happen
68
Ex: Making many copies can be very costly for the company.
69
Bi 16: So snh
Danh t
weight
width
depth
length
size
71
2. So snh hn, km
- Trong loi so snh ny, ngi ta phn ra lm 2 loi ph t,
tnh t ngn v ph t, tnh t di.
- i vi cc ph t v tnh t ngn, ta ch cn cng thm
ui ER vo tn cng.
- i vi nhng tnh t ngn c 1 nguyn m kp gia 2 ph
m, ta phi gp i ph m cui khng phi thay i cch
c.
V d:
big bigger.
red redder
hot hotter
72
Adv/
Noun/
Subject + verb +
Adj +er + than
pronoun
much (ngn)
Subject +
far/
More/
Adj/
+
Noun/
verb +
much
less
Adv(di) than pronoun
- Mt s thnh ng nhn mnh : much too much
adv
adv
adj
V d:
Harrys watch is far more expensive than mine.
That movie we saw last night was much less interesting than
the one on television.
A watermelon is much sweeter than a lemon.
She dances much more artistically than her predecessor.
He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.
His car is far better than yours.
- Danh t cng c th c dng so snh trong cc cu
trc bng hoc hn, km.
- Trong cu trc so snh bng ch cn xc nh xem danh t
l m c hay khng m c v trc chng c mt
s nh ng dng vi 2 loi danh t .
- Trong cu trc so snh hn km cng cn phi xc nh
xem danh t l m c hay khng m c v ng
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+ noun/
pronoun
Hoc
Subject
+
+ more/ fewer/
+
+
verb
less
noun than
+ noun/
pronoun
V d:
I have more books than she.
February has fewer days than March.
He earns as much money as his brother.
They have as few class as we.
Their job allows them less freedom than ours does.
Before pay-day, I have as little money as my brother.
3. Cc dng so snh c bit
Bng di y l mt s dng so snh c bit ca tnh t v
ph t. Trong lu r ng farther dng cho khong cch,
further dng cho thng tin v nhng vn tru tng
khc.
Tnh t v ph So snh hn
t
km
far
farther
further
little
less
So snh
nht
farthest
furthest
least
75
Tnh t v ph
t
So snh hn
km
So snh
nht
much
many
more
most
good
well
better
best
bad
badly
worse
worst
V d:
I feel much better today than I did last week.
The university is farther than the mall.
He has less time now than he had before.
Marjorie has more books than Sue.
Lu : further = more.
V d:
The distance from your house to school is farther than that of
mine.
He will come to the US for further education next year.
4. So snh a b
L loi so snh gp ri, gp i, gp 3. Nn nh rng trong
cu trc ny khng c dng so snh hn km m phi
dng so snh bng.
76
much
noun
Subject + verb + bi s + as + noun + as +
many
pronoun
V d:
This encyclopedia costs twice as much as the other one.
At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many
oysters as Barney.
Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
Lu :
- Khi dng so snh loi ny phi xc nh r danh t l
m c hay khng m c v ng trc chng c
much v many.
- Cc cu trc: twice that much/ many (gp i s ) ch
c dng trong vn ni, tuyt i khng c dng trong
vn vit.
V d:
We had expected eighty people at the rally, but twice that
many showed up. (vn ni)
We had expected eighty people at the rally, but twice as many
as that number showed up. (vn vit)
5. So snh kp (cng .th cng)
Nhng cu ny bt u bng mt cu trc so snh hn, v
do mnh th 2 cng ph i bt u bng mt cu trc so
snh hn.
77
+
+
+
+ the
+
+
Th
comparativ comparativ ver comparativ subjec ver
e
e
e
b
e
t
b
V d:
The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
The higher we flew, the worse Edna felt.
The bigger they are, the harder they fall.
The sooner you take your medicine, the better you will feel.
The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your
destination.
The
more
+
+
+
+
+
+verb
subject
the comparative subject verb
78
Adj(ngn)+est
Subject + verb + the + most + adj(di) + Noun
least + adj
John is the tallest boy in the family.
Deana is the shortest of the three sisters.
These shoes are the least expensive of all.
Of the three shirts, this one is the prettiest.
Lu :
- Sau thnh ng one of the + superlative, danh t phi
dng s nhiu v ng t chia ngi s t.
V d:
One of the greatest tennis players in the world is Bjon Borg.
Kuwait is one of the biggest oil producers in the world.
- Cc ph t khng c i km bi -er hoc -est. M
thay v , khi c dng trong cu so snh chng i cng
more hoc less i vi cp so snh hn, v vi most
hoc least thnh lp nn dng so snh hn nht.
Dng
nguyn
carefully
cautiously
So snh hn
nht
more carefully most carefully
less carefully least carefully
So snh hn
V d:
Sal drove more cautiously than Bob.
79
80
Bi 17: Gii t
83
after
by
on
against for
to
among from
with
between of
4. V tr gii t
Thng thng, gii t ting Anh c t nh ting Vit; tuy
nhin, n c th t ngay trc T nghi vn hay i t.
V d: What is this medal made of?
Of what is this medal made?
hay
The man whom we listened to is our new teacher.
The man to whom we listened is our new teacher.
5. Cch t t ng c gii t: V tr ca gii t trong cu c
th lm thay i ngha ca cu .
V d:
1- A letter was read from his friend in the class room.
A letter from his friend was read in the class room.
(Hai cu trn c ngha khc nhau bi v gii t from c v tr
khc nhau)
2- With his gun towards the forest he started in the morning.
With his gun, he started towards the forest in the morning.
(Hai cu trn c ngha khc nhau bi v gii t from c v tr
khc nhau)
6. Mt s gii t thng thng:
84
1. AT, IN, ON
1. AT : dng trc thi gian ngn: gi, pht giy
At 10 oclock; at this moment; at 10 a.m
2. ON : dng trc thi gian ch: ngy, th ngy (trong lch
)
On Sunday; on this day.
3. IN : dng trc thi gian di: thng, ma, nm,
In June; in July; in Spring; in 2005
2. IN, INTO, OUT OF
1. IN: dng ch v tr (a im khng chuyn hng)
In the classroom; in the concert hal; in the box.
2. INTO: dng ch s chuyn ng t ngoi vo trong.
I go into the classroom.
3. OUT OF: dng ch s chuyn ng t trong ra ngoi.
I go out of the classroom.
3. FOR, DURING, SINCE:
1. FOR : dng o khong thi gian
For two months
For four weeks..
For the last few years
2. DURING : dng ch hnh ng xy ra trong sut thi
gian ca s vt, s kin:
85
87
Bi 18: B ng
2. Qui tc Cu b ng.
a. ng t ca cu b ng: To be + Past Participle (PII).
b. Tn ng ca cu ch ng thnh ch ng ca cu b
ng
c. Ch ng ca cu ch ng thnh ch ng ca gii t
BY
Ch ng : Subject + Verb + Object
B ng: Subject +To Be + Past Participle(ng t dng
phn t qu kh) + BY + Object
V d:
The farmer dinks tea everyday. (Active-ch ng)
Tea is drunk by the farmer everyday. (Passive-b ng)
3. Khi mt ngoi ng t ch ng c hai tn ng, mt
trc tip v mt gin tip (nhm tng biu), c th
chuyn thnh hai cu b ng.
V d:
I gave him an apple.
An apple was given to him.
He was given an apple by me.
4. Mt s cu c bit phi dch l Ngi ta khi dch
sang ting Vit.
V d:
It is said that = people say that ; (Ngi ta ni rng)
It was said that = people said that. (Ngi ta ni rng)
89
do
done
is/are doing
did
was/were done
was/were
doing
has/have
was/were being
done
has/have been
do
done
done
done
had done
will done
will be done
will have
done
is/are going
to do
V d:
I remember them taking me to the zoo. (active)
I remember being taken to the zoo.(passive)
V d: She wants her sister to take some photogtaphs.(active)
She wants some photographs to be taken by her sister.
(passive)
V d: She likes her boyfriend telling the truth. (actiove)
91
92
Bi 19: Ha hp ch ng ng t
93
any +
no +
some + every/ each +
singular singular singular
singular
noun
noun
noun
noun
anything nothing something everything
neither * either *
* Either v neither l s t nu chng khng i vi or
hoc nor. Either (c ngha 1 trong 2) ch dng cho 2 ngi
hoc 2 vt. Nu 3 ngi (vt) tr ln phi dng any. Neither
(khng mt ai trong hai) ch dng cho 2 ngi, 2 vt. Nu 3
ngi (vt) tr ln dng not any.
Everybody who wants to buy a ticket should be in this line.
Something is in my eye.
Anybody who has lost his ticket should report to the desk.
Neither of his pens is able to be used.
If either of you takes a vacation now, we will not be able to
finish the work.
No problem is harder than this one.
Nobody works harder than John does.
3. Cch s dng None v No
None v No u dng c vi c danh t s t v s
nhiu.
Nu sau None of the l mt danh t khng m c th
ng t phi ngi th 3 s t. Nu sau n l mt danh t s
nhiu th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s nhiu.
None of the + non-count noun + singular verb
None of the + plural count noun + plural verb
None of the counterfeit money has been found.
None of the students have finished the exam yet.
95
m lm)
Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black.
(Bng c mt hnh bng k l mc ton en i vo)
There followed an uncomfortable silence. (Sau l mt s
im lng n kh chu)
101
Bi 20: Cu iu kin
4. If not = Unless.
Lu r ng Unless cng thng c dng trong cu
iu kin, lc Unless = If not.
V d:
Unless we start at once, we will be late = If we dont start at
once we will be late.
Unless you study hard, you wont pass the exams = If you
dont study hard, you wont pass the exams.
106
107
VD:
+ The man is very tall. I met him yesterday.
Cu ny c i thnh: The man that I met yesterday is
very tall.
+ She is the doctor. She saved a girl yesterday.
Cu ny c i thnh: She is the dotor that saved a girl
yesterday.
+ This is a pen. I bought this pen two days ago.
Cu ny c i thnh: This is the pen that i bought two
days ago.
+ She is riding the Bicycle. this bicycle is very old.
Cu ny c i thnh : She is riding the bicycle that is
very old.
Ch : Trong cu c that lm i t quan h, cu khng
c c du phy v khng c gii t ng trc that.
II. Mnh quan h dng trng t quan h :
1 WHEN
- Dng thay th cho t hoc cm t ch thi gian : day ,
time , year , Monday..
- When thay th cho : on/in/at + which ( in/on/at + t , cm t
ch thi gian ).
- Cch lm : ta chuyn in/on/at + t , cm t ch thi gian
thnh WHEN
( Tu theo tng trng hp m chuyn i nh cc a t
quan h ).
111
VD:
+ She met me two days ago. I came home two days ago.
Cu ny i thnh: She met me two days ago, when i came
back home.
+ He was born on June 25th, 1989. His father left the Job on
that day.
Cu ny c i thnh: He was born on June 25th, 1989
when his father left the job.
2 WHERE
- Dng thay th cho t hoc cm t ch ni chn : city ,
village , place..
- Where c thay th cho in/on/at + ni chn ( in/on/at +
which).
( Ty theo tng trng hp m chuyn i nh cc a t
quan h ).
VD:
+ She lives in Hanoi. People often come this city to find a
good job.
Cu ny c i thnh: She lives in Hanoi where People
often come to find a good job.
+ This is the house, Tom was born in this house.
Cu ny c i thnh: This is the house, where Tom was
born.
Ch : Where = in which nn where v in which c th
dng thay th cho nhau.
112
114
116
119
V d:
- It looks as if its going to rain.
- He said as if he were my father.
- He looks as if he had known what happened.
5. Mnh trang ng ch mc ch.
Mnh trng ng ch mc ch l mnh c vai tr lm
trng ng ch mc ch trong cu. Mnh ny thng bt
u bng so that, in order that, u c ngha l m.
V d:
+ The teacher explains the lesson very clearly so that every
student can understand.
+ Many students write to the president in order that the black
can get the equality.
6. Mnh trng ng ch s tng phn.
L mnh c vai tr lm trng ng ch s tng phn trong
cu. Mnh ny thng bt u bng cc t nh :
although, though, even though (Mc d), but ( Nhng).
V d:
+ Although/though/ even though she has a lot of things to
do, she still spends time playing with her children.
+ He loves her but he cant get married with her.
123
Bi 25: Lin t
+OR (hoc)
V d: Hurry up, or you will miss the train.
+ EITHEROR
V d:
- He isnt either good or kind.
- I dont have either books or notebooks.
+ NEITHER NOR ( cng khng)
V d:
- She has neither husband nor children.
+ BUT ( Nhng)
V d:
- He is handsome but very mean.
+ THEN ( vy th, th th)
V d:
- You have eaten nothing; then you must be very hungry.
+ CONSEQUENTLY ( kt qu l)
V d: You didnt work hard, consequently, he failed the
exam.
+ HOWEVER ( tuy nhin)
V d:
- He is a very lazy student; however, he can pass all the
exams easily.
+ NEVERTHELESS (nhng )
V d:
- She studies very hard; nevertheless, she always gets bad
marks.
125
127
130
Bi 27: Cu gi nh
Demand
Prefer
Insist
Propose
Require
Stipulate
Advise Demand
Prefer
Require
Command Move
Recommend Suggest
Decree
Order
Request
Urge
- Trong cu nht nh phi c that.
- ng t sau ch ng 2 dng nguyn th b to.
Subject1 + verb + that + subject 2+ [verb in simple form]
...
V d:
We urge that he leave now.
Nu b that i ch ng 2 s tr thnh tn ng, ng t tr v
dng nguyn th c to, cu s mt i ngha gi nh v tr
thnh cu bnh th ng.
V d:
We urge him to leave now.
Lu : Trong ting Anh ca ngi Anh (British English),
trc ng t nguyn th b to c should. Nhng trong ting
Anh ca ngi M (American English) ngi ta b n i.
Mt s v d
The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately.
The university requires that all its students take this course.
The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished.
We proposed that he take a vacation.
I move that we adjourn until this afternoon.
133
Cu gi nh dng vi tnh t
imperative
V d:
Come what may we will stand by you.
If need be : nu cn
V d:
If need be we can take another road.
- Dng vi if this be trong trng hp mun nu ra mt gi
nh t pha ngi ni nhng khng tht chc chn lm v
kh nng.
V d:
If this be proven right, you would be considered innocent.
5
Cu gi nh dng vi it is time
135
( n lc gi
It is about time
Nhn xt: High/ about c dng trc time thm vo
nhn mnh.
V d:
Its high time I left for the airport.
(it is a little bit late)
136
MC LC
Bi 1: Cc ch im ng php c hi trong bi thi TOEIC
Bi 2: Hin ti n, hin ti tip din
Bi 3: Hin ti han thnh, hin ti hon thnh tip din
Bi 4: Qu kh n, qu kh tip din
Bi 5: Qu kh hon thnh, qu kh hon thnh tip din
Bi 6: Tng lai n, tng lai tip din
Bi 7: Tng lai hon thnh, tng lai hon thnh tip din
Bi 8: Tng hp thi th
Bi 9: Cc dng thc ca ng t: Ving, To do
Bi 10: ng t khuyt thiu
Bi 11: Danh t
Bi 12: Mo t
Bi 13: i t
Bi 14: Cc loi cu hi
Bi 15: Tnh t v trng t
Bi 16: So snh
Bi 17: Gii t
Bi 18: B ng
Bi 19: Ha hp ch ng- ng t
Bi 20: Cu iu kin
Bi 21: Mnh quan h
Bi 22: Gin lc mnh quan h
Bi 23: Mnh danh ng
Bi 24: Mnh trng ng
Bi 25: Lin t
Bi 26: Qu kh phn t (ed) v hin ti phn t (Ving)
Bi 27: Cu gi nh
Gim c NG TRN I
Tng bin tp V DNG THU
Bin tp :
NGUYN TRNG B
Trnh by ba:
NGUYN QUC I
n c
Gi: 34.000