-I

-1

.
.
) y (............. u , z , f
y ,
,
.
-2
(
y ' = 0
y ( x ) = 1
y
. y ' = 0
y ' = x 2 1 ) y ( y ' ( x ) = x 2 1
(
x x 2 1

1 2
x x + k
3

k .
II y+ay=0
-1 y '+ ay = 0 )
( y .
* a = 0 y ' = 0
* a 0

ax

(e ) ' = ae
ax

ax

x e y '+ ay = 0

y ( x ) = z ( x )e ax

y y '+ ay = 0

y ' ( x ) = z ' ( x )e ax az ( x )e ax

y ' ( x ) = z ' ( x )e ax ay ( x

z ' ( x ) = 0 z ( x ) =

y ( x ) = e ax

= 0

) = z ' ( x )e ax

y ' ( x ) + ay ( x

a = 0 .

x e ax

y '+ ay = 0
.

) a ( x x 0
x y 0e
y '+ ay = 0 y ( x0 ) = y0
y ( x0 ) = y0

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr

-1 y '+ 2 y = 0
1
-2 y '+ y = 0
3
-2 y'+ay=0
( E ) : y '+ 3 y 2 = 0

1
[ [1; +
4

; y (1) = 2

= ) y ( 2

[[1; +

'

1
' y
1
1
=
3

=
3

=
3
x
+
k
/
k

y
=

y
3x + k
y2
y
1
1
[x [1; +
= ) y (x
= ) y ( 2 k = 2
4
3x 2

y '+ 3 y 2 = 0

-III y"+ay'+by=0
-1 y"+ay'+by=0

-2
* - a = b = 0 y '' = 0
' y ' ( x ) = k ( k ; k ' ) 2 y ( x ) = kx + k

) (a,b

y " = 0 k

y '' = 0 ' x kx + k

* - b = 0 y ''+ ay ' = 0
y "+ ay ' = 0 ( y ') '+ ay ' = 0

ax

) 2 0

( 3x

)' ( k ; k

' y z '+ az = 0

y ' ( x ) = e

y ''+ ay ' = 0 x e ax
ax
e
+

( ; ) 2 x
a
3 ; E : y "+ ay '+ by = 0

-(a

) ( a; b ) ( 0;0

f g I
f g
) g ( x ) = kf ( x

(b y1 y2 E

) ( ;

y1 + y2 E

y 1 y 2 y "+ ay '+ by = 0

x I

E :

) ( ; y 1 + y 2

. E

E : y "+ ay '+ by = 0 . E
E : y "+ ay '+ by = 0
2

(d ; E : y "+ ay '+ by = 0

y : x e rx

) ( a ;b
r

y r 2 + ar + b = 0 r 2e x + are x + be x = 0 E
rx
2
r r + ar + b = 0 x e E

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr

r + ar + b = 0

) ( a ;b

; E : y "+ ay '+ by = 0

a 2 4b
1 a 2 4b 0 r 2 + ar + b = 0 r1 . r2
r2 x

; x e r1x
; x e r1x

x e E

r2 x

x e

2 a 2 4b = 0 = 0
rx
x e E
x e rx x xe rx
E

x e r1x + e r2 x
2
r + ar + b . r
rx
. x xe . E
e rx
x x rx .
e
rx
x ( + x )e

3 a 2 4b 0 r 2 + ar + b = 0 r1 = p + iq r2 = p iq

)( q 0

e r1x = e px ( cos qx + i sin qx ) = e px cos qx + ie px sin qx

; x e px sin x

cos x

px

x e .E

a
4b a 2
=; q
p =

2
2

; x e px sin x

cos x

) ( cos qx + sixqx

px

px

x e

x e .

; E : y "+ ay '+ by = 0 :E

) ( a;b r 2 + ar + b = 0

* - 0

a 4b ; r1

* - a 2 4b = 0

r2 x

+ e

r1 x

x e

r2

. r

rx

x ( + x )e

* - a 2 4b 0 r1 = p + iq r2 = p iq
E
.
y ( x0 ) = y0

) ( cos qx + sixqx

y ' ( x0 ) = y '0

y ( x0 ) = y0

px

x e

y ( x0 ) = y0

y ' ( x0 ) = y '0

y ' ( x0 ) = y '0 .

) = k ( cos cos qx + sin sin qx ) = k cos (qx

Moustaouli Mohamed

cos qx + sin qx = k cos qx + sin qx

k
k
http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr

; k = 2 + 2

= ; sin

= cos

a 2 4b 0 ) cos (qx
-1

5
y=0
4

px

x ke k

y1 y1 ( 0 ) = 1

y "+ 2 y '

-2 y "+ 4 y '+ 4 y = 0 y ( 1) = 1
-3 y "+ 2 y '+ 5 y = 0 y ( 0 ) = 0

* - 0

; y1 ' ( 0 ) = 1

; y ' ( 1) = 0
; y ' ( 0 ) = 1

a y "+ ay = 0

x cos ax + sin ax

) . ( ;

* - a 0 y "+ ay = 0

ax

+ e

ax

x e

) . ( ;

; y " 4 y = 0

y "+ 2 y = 0
-IV
-1 )y+ay=f(x
-
) E : y '+ ay = f ( x

.
E ' : y '+ ay = 0 E
- )E: y+ay=f(x
y0 E y1 E
) y1 '+ ay1 = f ( x ) ; y 0 '+ ay0 = f ( x

(y1 y0 ) '+ a( y1 y0 ) = 0

y1 y0 z E ' z '+ az = 0

y1 = z + y0

y0

) E : y '+ ay = f ( x z E ' : y '+ ay = 0

E y = z + y 0

-2 )y+ay+by=f(x
-

) y ''+ ay '+ by = f ( x

y ''+ ay '+ by = 0

E :

E ' : . E

- )E: y+ay+by=f(x
y0 E y1 E
) y1 ''+ ay1 '+ by1 = f ( x ) ; y 0 ''+ ay0 '+ by0 = f ( x

(y1 y0 ) ''+ a( y1 y0 ) '+ b( y1 y0 ) = 0

y1 y0 z E ' z ''+ az '+ bz = 0 y1 = z + y0

y 0 ) y ''+ ay '+ by = f ( x
. E ' : y ''+ ay '+ by = 0
Moustaouli Mohamed

E : z

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr

 E y = z + y 0
-3
-*(a ) y '+ ay = p ( x p
) y '+ ay = p ( x

a 0 n
a = 0 n + 1

y '+ 2 y = x 2 x
* - ) y ''+ ay '+ by = p ( x

E : p n

c 0 n b 0 c = 0 n + 1 c = 0 b = 0 n+ 2 .
y ''+ 3 y '+ 2 y = x 2 + x
-* (b ) y '+ ay = k cos ( x
) y '+ ay = k cos ( x x cos x + sin x

y '+ 2 y = 3cos 3 x
4

* - ) y ''+ ay '+ by = k cos ( x

E:

E x cos x + sin x

y ''+ 6 y '+ 5 y = 3cos 4 x

3

-*(c y ' + a y = k e x
E

y '+ 2 y = 4e x

E :

x ( ax + b )e

y '+ 2 y = 4e 2 x

* - y ''+ ay '+ by = k e x

E :

E + bx + c e x
; y " 5 y '+ 6 y = 3e 2 x

y " 5 y '+ 6 y = 3e 4 x

* - ) y ''+ ay '+ by = e x P ( x
E

x ax

E:

x Q ( x ) e ) Q ( x

r + ar + b = 0 d ( Q ) = n2

r 2 + ar + b = 0 d 0 ( Q ) = n + 2 r 2 + ar + b = 0 d 0 ( Q ) = n + 1

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr