Misa Djurkovic I Aleksandar Rakovic - Turska - Regionalna Sila

?
Turska - regionalna sila.indd 1
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300
ISBN 978-86-82057-45-1
12/22/2013 4:28:14 PM
2013
12/22/2013 4:28:14 PM
12/22/2013 4:28:15 PM
, :
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
I
1. :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2. :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3. :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4. :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
7. : . . . . . 83
II

1. :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
2. :
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
4. : . . . . . . 159
5. :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
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III

1. :
(17741923). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
2. : -
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5. : :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
6. : ( )
: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Abstracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
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1 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/TURKEYEXTN/Resources/361711-1339659387823/REB_is
sueII.pdf
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4http://en.wik ipedia.org/wik i/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita
5http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=10895
6 http://www.mak roekonomija.org/wp-content/uploads/unido-2000-2010-21.png
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30
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International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2012
7 http://www.oecd.org/daf/internat iona linvest ment/invest mentstat isticsanda nalysis/FDI%20

in%20figures.pdf
8 Estimate of President of Internat ional Investors Associat ion of Turkey (6.5 billion in first 5
months of the year, rast 11%). From Europe 81% (15,7 bil $ FDI 2011).
12/22/2013 4:28:19 PM
31

13,1% 2012. 152,5
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ej (David OByrne, 2012)

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9 http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=hb_x
10 http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=10926
11 David OByrne, Turkey: trade figures mask deeper problems, August 3, 2012. Financial
Times.
http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2012/08/03/turkey-trade-figures-mask-deeper-pro
blems/#axzz2CUllfP1J
12/22/2013 4:28:27 PM
32
( 56% 2005. ).
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12http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=10926
13 Financial Times, Tak ing its wares to the world, SPECIAL REPORT, 22. 11. 2012. Investing
in Turkey. pp:1-2- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/9685279e-339d-11e2-9ae7-00144feabdc0.pdf
12/22/2013 4:28:27 PM
33
.14
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.16
14 Holly Ellyatt, Can Turkey Become the China of Europe? Friday, 18 Jan 2013. CNBC. http://
www.cnbc.com/id/100390252/Can_Turkey_Become_039the_China_of_Europe039
15 Patrick Cockburn: Is Turkeys economic miracle about to fade away? SUNDAY 22 JANUARY
2012, INDEPENDENT
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/patrick-cockburn-is-turkeys-economicmiracle-about-to-fade-away-6292806.html
16 http://www.ecb.int/stats/exchange/eurof xref/html/index.en.html
12/22/2013 4:28:28 PM
34
2010.
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). 2009. 2010. 6,5%
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2013.
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: http://www.ecb.int/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/index.
en.html

,
75 ( 1,1 % ) 84,2
17http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/
12/22/2013 4:28:28 PM
35
2023, 2050. 93,5 .

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:
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( 2,8,
2,9).22
18 http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=hb_x
21 http://www.nytimes.com/interact ive/2012/09/29/world/midd leea st/the-grow ing-role-ofkurds-in-syria.html?ref=midd leeast
22 ,
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12/22/2013 4:28:28 PM
36

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medium-high
OECD, .
23http://www2.iaapa.org/expos/eas/2012/education/documents/EmergingMarketsTurkey.pdf
http://studyinturkey.com/content/sub/economy.aspx
24JOSHUA E. KEATING, These 7 Countries, NOVEMBER 2012
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/08/these_7_countries
12/22/2013 4:28:28 PM
37
:
9% -
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.
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.26

.
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, 44% , 64% 83% ).
(, , ,
) .
.
medium-tech ( ),
.
.
,
1,5, .

. : Turkey looks to punch above its weight.27
25 Turkeys economy: Istanbuls and bears, Apr 7th 2012, The Economist. http://www.economist.
com/node/21552216
26 Turkeys economy: Istanbuls and bears, Apr 7th 2012, The Economist. http://www.economist.
com/node/21552216
27 David P. Goldman, Ankara's Economic Miracle Collapses (Changes in Turkey), Middle East
Quarterly, Winter 2012, pp. 25-30
12/22/2013 4:28:28 PM
38
2011.
(40%
). , , ,
,
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, 2000. 1994,
bubbles of prosperity.
.28
OECD 20112017.
,
5,7
2016. 14 500 . ,

.
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,
,
.
, ,
, .
2023.
, : The China of Europe.
2011. (8,5%),
2012,
. 2023, 2 000 ,
2012. 775. per capita 25 000 ,
5% ( 2012. per capita 10 524 ,
9,8%). 2013.
.

,

http://www.meforum.org/3134/turkey-economic-miracle
28 132 .
10% 2002. 8%
- 1993, 10%.
12/22/2013 4:28:29 PM
39
.
, ,
, , .

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). .
( ). .
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2015.
, ,
.
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.
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.
,
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). ,
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%
2000
2008
2010
2011
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1,9%
2%

2000
2008
2010
2011
10,4
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131
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: .

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2000, 2000,
12/22/2013 4:28:29 PM
40
. 2008.
( )
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20002012. ( 2000)
14,8%, 12,5% ( ,
,
, , ).
2010,
. 66
2010. 145 2012,
244 341 . ,
200012. ,

( 24,6%, 14,3%,
14,8% 12,5% 200012).
12/22/2013 4:28:29 PM
41
David P. Goldman, Ankaras Economic Miracle Collapses (Changes in Turkey),

Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2012, pp. 25-30
David OByrne, Turkey: trade figures mask deeper problems, August 3, 2012.
Financial Times.
International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2012
Patrick Cockburn: Is Turkeys economic miracle about to fade away? SUNDAY 22
JANUARY 2012, INDEPENDENT
Turkeys economy: Istanbuls and bears, Apr 7th 2012, The Economist. http://www.
economist.com/node/21552216
Financial Times, Taking its wares to the world, SPECIAL REPORT, 22.11.2012.
Investing in Turkey. pp:1-2- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/9685279e-339d-11e29ae7-00144feabdc0.pdf
Holly Ellyatt, Can Turkey Become the China of Europe? Friday, 18 Jan 2013.
CNBC. http://www.cnbc.com/id/100390252/Can_Turkey_Become_039the_
China_of_Europe039
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/patrick-cockburn-is-turkeyseconomic-miracle-about-to-fade-away-6292806.html
http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/
http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=hb_x
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/09/29/world/middleeast/the-growingrole-of-kurds-in-syria.html?ref=middleeast
http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=13140
http://www.meforum.org/3134/turkey-economic-miracle
http://www.ecb.int/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/index.en.html
h t t p : // s i t e r e s o u r c e s .w o r l d b a n k . o r g / T U R K E Y E X T N / R e s o u r
ces/361711-1339659387823/REB_issueII.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita
http://www.makroekonomija.org/wp-content/uploads/unido-2000-2010-21.png
http://www.oecd.org/daf/internationalinvestment/investmentstatisticsandanalysis/
FDI%20in%20figures.pdf
http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=hb_x
http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2012/08/03/turkey-trade-figures-mask-deeperproblems/#axzz2CUllfP1J
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12/22/2013 4:28:32 PM
Adem ef. Zilki*
ISLAMSKA ZAJEDNICA TURSKE DIJANET
Apstrakt: U ovom radu autor daje pregled istorije, organizacije i sistema dje
lovanja islamske zajednice u Turskoj. Govori se o pravnom i politikom poloa

ju predsjednitva za vjeru, Dijaneta, ali i brojnih demata koji poput Gjulenovog
imaju veliki broj lanova i ogroman uticaj ne samo u Turskoj ve i u drugim mu
slimanskim zemljama.
Kljune rijei: Turska, islam, Dijanet, demat, muslimani
***
Govoriti o Turskoj kao jednom grandioznom civilizacijskom prostoru zaista je
nezahvalno, jer ako posmatramo fenomenoloki ono to se zbiva na tom prosto
ru veoma je izazovno, ako pak implikacije svega toga sagledavamo pragmatiki,
racionalno onda je nuno i potrebno.
U osmanlijsko vrijeme poslove vjere je obnaao meihat na elu sa ejh-ul-isla
mom. Ova vjerska institucija i njen prvi ovjek su, zapravo, predstavljali muslima
ne na cjelokupnim prostorima gdje je Osmanlijsko carstvo dosezalo.
U Ankari se 1920. godine imenuje posebno tijelo ili ministarstvo koje do 1924.
ima i zvanje i status ministarstva. Za reis-ul-ulemu je postavljen tadanji muft i
ja Ankare Adem Mehmed Rihad, koji je zduno podravao nacionalno buenje i
nacionalnu revoluciju predvoenu Kemal-paom Ataturkom. Kao zaslunog i o
vjeka iz naroda smatrali su da je zasluio to mjesto, te je i postavljen da obnaa tu
visoku funkciju.
Za Islamsku zajednicu Turske koja se zove Dijanet, to znai predsjednitvo za
vjerska pitanja i poslove, jako je vana 1935. godina kada se donosi Zakon o ustroj
stvu i dunostima uprave za vjerska pitanja, ime se odreuje organizaciona struk
tura, kadar, osoblje, kvalifikacije, imenovanje, pokrajinska sredita pokrajinske
formacijske jedinice i dunosti svih dunosnika. Godina 1935, kasnije 1939, pa sve
* Reis-ul-ulema Islamske zajednice Srbije.
12/22/2013 4:28:32 PM
57
do 1961, godine e biti jako turbulentne, jako teke za djelovanje misionara i in

stitucije Islamske zajednice. Po Ustav u iz 1961. godine Predsjednitvo za vjerske
poslove, odnosno Dijanet, definisano je kao ustavna kategorija i zauzelo je poziciju
centralne administracije sa posebnim zakonskim uslovima i definisan sa poseb
nim pravima i obavezama. Na osnovu tog Ustava Dijanet je dobio novu, ureenu,
urbanu dimenziju djelovanja i odnosa, kojim zapoinje jedan novi period u nje
govoj institucionalnoj izgradnji. Ovaj Zakon je omoguio i organizacionu irinu,
ukljuujui i one segmente koji su izvan zemlje Turske, dak le, inostranstvo. Ovaj
Zakon je trajao sve do 1980. kada se u vojnom udaru ovaj Zakon rui, a Islamska
zajednica zapada u jo teu situaciju, to traje sve do 2010. godine, kada joj se vra
a ustavna pozicija.
Kada je re o osnovnim naelima: u pravcu laikog naela, a ostajui izvan
politike i svih tokova miljenja, iznoenja javnih miljenja i stavova-djelovanja, a
imajui za cilj nacionalno jedinstvo i saradnju, po lanu Ustava 136. Dijanet ima
ulogu da:
sprovodi poslove u vezi sa ibadetom, to znai obredoslune poslove, same
obrede;
iznoenje moralnih principa vjere islama;
da organizuje zajednike sveanosti i druge poslove, isk ljuivo u vezi sa iba
detom, odnosno za molitveni dio. I to je opis djelovanja koji je dat, sa zadat
kom da se fokusira i svoje djelatnosti usmjerava isk ljuivo na Kuranu i na
Sunnetu vezujui se za etrnaestovjekovno iskustvo muslimana tog prostora,
a koji su sunitskog opredjeljenja;
da u inostranstvu, takoer, promovie polje turskog iskustva znanja o vjeri
i omogui ispravno shvatanje vjere islama.
Od 2010, malo jo i ranije, Islamska zajednica Turske Dijanet i oficijelna po
litika imaju potpuno suglasje bez obzira na ovako jasnu podjelu vjerskog, odnosno
sekularnog i uglavnom se dopunjuju, s tim to i dalje vodeu ulogu imaju dravni
i politiki faktori.
Organizaciona struktura Predsjednitva je sljedea:

Predsjednitvo Visokog savjeta za vjerske poslove;

Generalna uprava za vjersku slubu;
Generalna uprava za obrazovnu slubu;
Generalna uprava za slubu hada i umre;
Generalna uprava za vjersku izdavaku djelatnost;
Generalna uprava za odnose sa inostranstvom;
Predsjednitvo za smjernice i inspekcijske poslove;
Predsjednitvo za strategijski razvoj;
Sektor za omladinu i sport;
12/22/2013 4:28:32 PM
58
Sektor za upravnu obradu pov ratka kapitala, odnosno praenje vakufa i

vraanje nadlenosti njihovih u skladu sa erijatskim propisima;
Savjetnitvo za tampu, odnosno odnose sa javnou;
Godine 1922, 1935, 1982, pa sve do 2010. je jako teak period i jako su bili te
ki uvjeti za djelovanje Islamske zajednice Turske. Zapravo, ona je mogla djelovati
samo onoliko koliko joj se kae, dak le, preivljavajui. Taj period je bio sveden na
privatno ivljenje vjere. A ivot je jako teko kontrolisati i kanalisati bez odree
nih represija. U svakom sluaju, kada je u pitanju Dijanet, bilo je i toga. Ali da bi
djelovala i sebi komoditet u djelovanju olakala, Islamska zajednica je osim ofi
cijelnog dijela, a i danas tako djeluje, imala i jedan neoficijelni dio koji je i danas
prisutan, koji se odvija kroz demate. A to je djelovanje sa ciljem da se ue u sva
ku kuu, porodicu, zato to je kemalistik i pok ret bio protiv vjere, a znamo ve
kakve je imao tendencije i namjere prema vjeri i uopte kakve je sve radnje pred
uzimao u tom cilju. Drugi cilj je bio da se regrutuju lanovi, poto je oformljeno
vie demata, tako da svak i demat ima svoje lanove koji e kroz kue i kroz
drugo djelovanje da raire lepezu svog djelovanja kroz organizovanje obrazovnog
sistema, ekonomskog, zdravstvenog itd.
I danas imate nekoliko grandioznih demata koji su jai po ekonomskom ka
pacitetu, organizacionom, kadrovskom i svakom drugom od bilo koje islamske
zajednice, osim nekih koje su prije svega iranske, i nekih arapskih zemalja. Prije
svega, to je nevladina organizacija, kao demat, koja ima cilj i zadatak da djeluje i
izvan granica Turske, odnosno da pokriva sredite Evrope. Moda najjai i naja
utentiniji u skladu sa hanefijskom pravnom kolom jeste demat Nurdije, de
mat uvaenog Fetulaha Gjulena, koji je do te mjere usavrio svoje djelovanje da je
njegovo lanstvo viemilionsko, i koje ima izvanredan obrazovni sistem kojem bi
mnoge drave pozavidjele, i koji je ekonomski toliko jak da to balkanske drave
mogu da sanjaju. A takoer i na polju zdravstva. Lino sam imao prilike da budem
gost u Izmiru i da obiem peti dijagnostiki centar za otkrivanje raka u svijetu i
fa, koji je vlasnitvo ovog demata. Takoer je tu jedan od velikih demata Sulej
mandije, koji u 86 zemalja svijeta ima studentske domove i koji kroz taj segment
stvaranja uslova mladim ljudima za obrazovanje i poticanje njihove mladalake
energije da ovladaju tim univerzalnim i tako vrijednim vjetinama zapravo i njih
pridobija kao svoje lanove. Iza toga je odmah jedan, takoer od velikih demata,
Semerkand, koji ima 11 miliona svojih lanova. To su nevjerovatne institucije iako
one nisu oficijelna islamska zajednica, nisu Dijanet, ali djeluju po nekoj harmoniji
sa Dijanetom kao dravnom vjerskom upravom, odnosno dravnom zajednicom.
ta je njihov zajedniki cilj? U poetku, da to ne bi imalo konotaciju pokreta,
nacionalistikog pok reta uspostavljanja nacionalne drave Turske i ideja nacio
nalizma, ak i ako bi Dijanet kao oficijelna dravna religijska ustanova sve radnje
12/22/2013 4:28:32 PM
59
pokrenuo na ouvanju vitalnih interesa i ciljeva islama i muslimana, on bi svaka

ko doao u sukob sa dravom i uao bi u nemile dogaaje sa njom.
Demati su bili najbolji modus da se tako mona imperija rasloji u vjerskom
djelovanju, a da se to ne osjeti u politikom smislu, s tim to svaki demat visoko
dri do nacionalne svijesti i pokriva one tendencije i htijenja kemalista u potpuno
sti, ali zato pod tim platom razvija vjerske aktivnosti, to je izvanredan uzorak i
primjer za svijet kada su veliki narodi u pitanju. Naalost, kad govorim o Islamskoj
zajednici Turske, moram nakratko napraviti digresiju, da izaem sa ovog terena, pa
da preem na teren Islamske zajednice Srbije. I u Islamskoj zajednici Srbije je ovaj
trend prihvaen, ali ini mi se nedovoljno analiziran, nedovoljno istraen, a ako
jeste onda malo, nepotpuno sagledan, jer kod malih naroda je pogubno stvara
ti demate i neto usitnjavati. Naprotiv, strategija treba biti obrnuta, a ne kao kod
velik ih koji broje 74 miliona, a to je oficijelni podatak da toliko stanovnika ima
Turska. Ali ne zaboravimo da Turska ima Turaka, sa onima koji ive van zemlje,
izmeu 85 i 86 miliona, i da je sa populacijom poslije Irana najmlaa zemlja u svi
jetu. Jedini nain da ta drava sprovede ono to se reimski sputava jeste kroz de
mate. I to je uinkovito bilo, ali je pogubno za tako male islamske zajednice koje
broje 650 ili 700 hiljada muslimana, kao to je Islamska zajednica Srbije. Dak le, da
bi izbjegli kontrolu, opstrukciju, zabranu, blokadu itd. Dijanet je pustio demate
da djeluju kao nevladin sektor, nevladina institucija, to se pokazalo epohalnim.
I zaista historija e to zabiljeiti kao neto to je neponovljivo do tada. Takoer,
stvaranje ideolokog fronta, poput Islamske brae, a to je rezultiralo dolaskom
na vlast sadanje politike elite, koja je duboko vjerski orijentisana i koja zapravo
potie iz tih demata. I zato mi imamo danas tursku politiku elitu koja je apso
lutno u saglasju sa vjerskim identitetima, odnosno duboko je vjerski svjesna, jer
je ona edo tih demata, a nije oficijelne Islamske zajednice. I to je, moram kazati,
kada govorim sa aspekta kao reis, jedna izvanredna stvar i stvar koja je ila u pri
log islamu i muslimanima Turske.
Turska sa 74 miliona stanovnika, od ukupno 85 ili 86 miliona Turaka, hane
fijske pravne kole i maturidijske dogmatske orijentacije, sufijskog pravca kao sre
dinjeg puta islama, koji je 623. godine promovisala i zapravo ona nosila, jedina
ima pravo i jedina je kadra i mona da ujedini, odnosno da vue i da bude pravi
reprezent sunitskog pravca islama. Svi drugi taj kapacitet nemaju i oni nisu moni.
Ovo je sad dogma koja je sasvim svojstvena samo vjerskim znalcima, postoje
i odreene preporuke Boijeg Poslanika (a. s.) u smislu hadisa, kojim on najavlju
je oslobaanje, dolazak konkretno sultana Fatiha Mehmeda i osvajanje Istanbula,
Carigrada, uz sve prihvatanje da moe da se govori da li je ovaj hadis apok rifan
ili nije. U svakom sluaju, za muslimane je to jako vano, jer je to sveta norma,
drugi izvor uenja, on daje dodatni poticaj za svom ovom snagom koja se kon
centrie kod muslimana. To je to se tie unutranjeg dijela. Ali Turci imaju jednu
izreku, kau: Turska, akraba-rodbina, dostlar-prijatelji. I Turska se uglavnom i
12/22/2013 4:28:32 PM
60
kao politika, i kao Islamska zajednica jer tu je potpuno suglasje, pogotovo s do

laskom nove elite na vlast tu se apsolutno moe povui znak jednakosti, dri do
ovih principa. Iako, da naglasim to, predsjednitvo nije u statusu ministarstva,
ono je pod Ministarstvom dravne uprave zajedno sa Tikom i sa nek im drugim
institucijama, ali svakako je u potpunosti u saglasju sa politikom. Na kraju kraje
va, vrhovnog poglavara bira Predsjednitvo od pet lanova, gdje su tri iz reda po
litike, dva iz reda vjerski odabranih slubenika, i to je tjelo koje vodi sve strateki
i vane odluke pri donoenju.
Vi ste uli da je sedmi vid djelovanja Dijaneta u inostranstvu. Dijanet kroz ovaj
drugi segment akrab podrazumijeva sve one Turke koji ive u drugim dravama
a imaju nacionalno uenje i doktrinu iz Turske. To su uglavnom zemlje biveg So
vjetskog saveza, Kavkaz, Turkmenistan, Azerbejdan itd. Kad to sve sakupimo, to
je demografski kapacitet od 220 do 250 miliona uticajne sfere Islamske zajednice,
odnosno turske politike. I uglavnom oni imaju izvanredne odnose i uspostavili
su izvanredne odnose, sa izuzetkom Rusije i dijelom Azerbejdana zbog poznate
demografske slike, demografskog procenta ija. Povezivanje ovih veza kao historij
ska erijatska spona preko ejh-ul-islama Turska polae pravo na pravno erijatski
legat menuru, odnosno idazu koju ona prenosi, zapravo zadrava pravo, mada je
to pravo osamostaljivanjem svih vjerskih zajednica na prostoru bive osmanlijske
imperije samo po sebi tada zavreno, ali ona zadrava pravo danas kroz taj prav
no erijatski legat i ima sponu i utjecaj ak i na neka kadrovska zbivanja u okru
enju, pogotovu ovdje gdje je akreba, odnosno akreba, a i u onom gdje su dostlar,
a dostlar su prijatelji, to znai oni koji nisu Turci, a jesu muslimani i ive na pro
storima balkanskih drava.
Uopte kako se djeluje? Islamska zajednica ne oficijelno ali s obzirom na to
da vie ne postoji nikakve razlike u stratekom i virtuelnom poimanju i stremlje
nju izmeu demata i Dijaneta ona prije svega djeluje kroz obrazovne sisteme i
kadrove koji su kolovani u Turskoj.
Na primer, u Albaniji nakon pada komunistikog reima postoji sedam me
dresa. Svih sedam je izgradila Turska, odnosno demati Turske. Oni snose sve
trokove. Pr vo su izgradili infrastrukturu, utemeljili kolu to su srednje kole
pokrivaju sve finansijske izdatke izdravanja uenika, preko plata slubenicima
profesorima, ak i deparac uenicima. Oni to ine jako izdano i uspjeno u Bo
sni. Mi tamo imamo najprestinije kolede, fakultete, internacionalne univerzite
te itd., koji su takoer za bosanske prilike najprestiniji. Mi tu imamo sreivanje
domova, odnosno iznajmljivanje kua preko Beograda, Novog Pazara, Podgorice
itd., gdje postoje univerzitetski centri, domove u koje se smetaju, sa hranom, sa
svim drugim potreptinama, studenti. Tu su razni kursevi i sve ostalo to se mo
e i gdje se da to uiniti.
Dak le, kolovanje kadrova je besplatno. Turska je otvorena dodue, od ove
godine neto reducirano za pripadnike i ovog sektora gde je akreba, to su, dak le,
12/22/2013 4:28:33 PM
61
zemlje gdje ive Turci i one gdje ne ive Turci, nego druge nacionalne zajednice,
odnosno manjine ali su muslimani, to su dostlar kolovanje njihovih kadrova.
Uvezivanje tih kadrova. Ti kadrovi su faktiki njihovi ambasadori koji su u stalnom
kontaktu, to je ponovo, ma koliko to zvualo moda nekome negativno, i te ka
ko vaan faktor. Ovo lino pozdravljam, jer je to briga. U svakom drugom sluaju
imate studenta o kojem niko drugi, pa ak ni drava koja ga alje, ne vodi rauna
i ne zna se kud ide i ta radi. Ovde se ima jedno dirigovano, ali zaista ciljno obra
zovanje u kom pravcu ide i kako ide, bez obzira svialo se meni, drugom, petom ili
devetom, to je sasvim nebitno. Takoer, postoji jedno tijelo, jedna razliita ura. To
je tijelo koje je formirano i koje se svake godine odrava i uglavnom sama ura
znai dogovaranje dak le dogovara se o vanim rjeenjima, problemima, pitanji
ma, gleditima, vizijama od posebnog interesa islama i muslimana ovih prostora,
kao i jo jedan segment preko koga se odreuje, moda je na posljednjem mjestu,
takvim jedinstven vjerski kalendar za sve muslimane na teritoriji koju pokriva
nekadanja osmanska uprava.
Da kaem i to da je ovdje potpuno suglasje politike i Dijaneta apsolutno pri
sutno. to se tie ovog sektora dostlar, na Balkanu ivi oko 75 miliona ljudi, peti
na je muslimana. To znai da je 15 miliona muslimana na Balkanu ciljna grupa
Islamske zajednice Turske, a samim tim i politike Turske, i da ona preko erijat
skog legata-menure, iji je nosilac, smatra legitimnim da se umijea i da ona vodi
brigu o stanju, jedinstvu i napretku muslimana na Balkanu. Utjecaj Turske danas
na Islamsku zajednicu Bosne je potpun, na Islamsku zajednicu Rumunije, tako
er potpun. Nakon prologodinjeg rjeavanja dvojnog institucionalnog djelova
nja dvije Islamske zajednice u Bugarskoj, potpuno kontrolie i Islamsku zajednicu
Bugarske. Na Kipru kontrolie dio na kome je ona suverena, a onaj drugi ne. Cr
nu Goru takoer u potpunosti kontrolie, kao Makedoniju i Albaniju. Djelimi
no muslimane Kosova, Islamsku zajednicu Kosova, i jo nema nekakav utjecaj na
Islamsku zajednicu Rusije i Grke.
I dolazimo do Islamske zajednice Srbije, i vrlo u kratko: Islamska zajedni
ca Turske eli jedinstvo muslimana Srbije. U tu injenicu ne sumnjam i pozdra
vljam tenje i politikog i vjerskog rukovodstva. Zamjeram im nain na koji oni
to ele da ostvare, a to je neprirodan nain i pristup rjeavanju tog problema. Oni
to ine kroz Dijanet, kroz demat, uz potporu Tike koja u svemu ovome to sam
govorio daje materijalnu potporu, a koja je u okviru jednog jedinstvenog mini
starstva. Tenja Turske je da uvee balkanske islamske zajednice, to je apsolutno
davna elja i ona je prisutna, apsolutno se ne krije i ona ima izvjesniju budunost
kada je re o pomenutim dravama, odnosno Islamskim zajednicama sa kojima
ima dobre odnose.
Meutim, vratiu se sa jednom reenicom jo na Islamsku zajednicu Srbije.
Turska je sasvim pogreno shvatila probleme Islamske zajednice Srbije, nije ima
la adekvatne podatke, sliku Islamske zajednice Srbije. Dobijala ih je od onih koji
12/22/2013 4:28:34 PM
62
imaju sve podatke, od onih koji imaju pretenzije prema Islamskoj zajednici Sr
bije, prije svega Bosne, pa dijelom Kosova, zaboravljajui da je Islamska zajedni
ca Srbije autonomna islamska zajednica koja autonomnost ima etiri godine prije
nego to ju je dobila Bosna i Hercegovina, da je s ulaskom u jedinstvenu Islamsku
zajednicu za vrijeme Kraljev ine Jugoslav ije, pa potom i one zajednike u FNRJ/
SFRJ, prenijela svoj integritet i svoju autonomnost kao i sve druge islamske zajed
nice sa tog prostora. S raspadom te zemlje sve su ostale onakve kakve izale sa svo
jim posebnostima. Jedino se Islamskoj zajednici Srbije, zbog devedesetih godina
20. vijeka i odreenih politikih i vojnih shvatanja i konotacija na prostoru bive
Jugoslavije, to osporava.
Ovdje se duboko umijeala politika. Naalost, neki inioci dravne politike su
grubo povrijedili osnovna prava muslimana Srbije, i izraavam na svakom mjestu
protest povodom toga. Oni nisu imali sluha da su muslimani Srbije njihovi graani,
ve su muslimani Srbije postali predmet trgovine malih koalicionih partija, onih
regionalnih iz Sandaka itd. Islamska zajednica nije bonjaka. Bonjaci su trideset
posto kapaciteta od ukupnog demografskog broja Islamske zajednice Srbije. Od tih
30% rauna se da ima 10% gospodin Ugljanin kao ministar, 10% gospodin Rasim
Ljaji, da na 5% ili 3%, imaju utjecaj Zilki ili Zukorli niko apsolutno 30%. Ne
ma prava neko sa 10 ili 15% utjecaja da kreira kakva e Islamske zajednice Srbije
postojati, a zanemariti 18% Albanaca koji su potpuno nesuglasni sa ovim to se
deava i sa inicijativom Turske i sa tendencijom kako da doe do objedinjavanja.
A to sve ukupno ini 48%. Dak le, 52% su pripadnici drugih nacionalnih zajedni
ca, manjinskih zajednica koje niko ne pita kako e da izgleda Islamska zajednica
ve se misli da je Novi Pazar Islamska zajednica, da je Tutin Islamska zajednica,
Sjenica Islamska zajednica, da se to moe rjeavati preko politikih partija ili nekih
drugih nevladinih i drugih linih krugova. To je apsolutno pobrkano. Naalost,
sto puta kaem: naalost Turska je nasjela na jednu takvu pogrenu procjenu i
donosi ishitrene pogrene poteze koji idu na tetu i njoj kao jedinom autentinom
predstavniku koji moe, treba i koji vodi sunitski dio muslimana i koji jedini mo
e da ostvari jedinstvo muslimana makar u nekom segmentu. Ali, naalost, zbog
takvog pristupa mi i dalje nemamo jedinstvenu Islamsku zajednicu i nemamo od
nos kakav treba da imamo sa Turskom.
12/22/2013 4:28:34 PM
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81
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(19891991).29

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Barton, G, (2008), How the Hizmet works: Islam, dialogue and the Glen move
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Barton.pd
Bilefsky, D, Arsu, S, (2012), Turkey Feels Sway of Reclusive Cleric in the U.S.,
New York Times, 24. 04.
, , (2009), , , 30. 10.
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Glen, F, (2005), The Essentials of the Islamic Faith, Feedbooks
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29Edmonds, 2011.
.
2011.
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Armenians: Issues, Demands and Policy Recommendations, stanbul 2012. : G. G. zdoan,
O. Klda, Hearing Turkeys Armenians.
3 United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, Annual Report 2012, p. 201.
: USCIRF Annual Report 2012.
4 30 000. : Cardinal hopes
Turkey will be a cradle of Christianity, Catholic News Agency (Rome), Nov. 27, 2006.
.
(http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/cardinal_hopes_turkey_will_be_a_cradle_of_
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12/22/2013 4:28:38 PM
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The Story of an Alien(ation).
8 (laiklik)
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9: USCIRF Annual Report 2012, pp. 199-200. . Turkey 2012 Progress report, European
Comission, Brussels, 10.10.2012, p. 24. : Turkey 2012 Progress report.
10 J. Eibner, Turkeys Christians under Siege, Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2011, p. 48. : J.
Eibner, Turkeys Christians under Siege.
11
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12/22/2013 4:28:38 PM
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12 ,
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18. : USCIRF Annual Report 2012, pp. 213-214.
13 J. F. Cullinan, Turkey: Christians in Danger. (http://www.aina.org/news/20100708120749.htm)
(06.02.2013).
14 , ,
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crucified.(http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=17192) (30. 01. 2013).
12/22/2013 4:28:39 PM
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Story of an Alien(ation); O. K. Cengiz, Minority foundations in Turkey: From past to future (1)
(2), (http://www.todayszaman.com/columnists-213210-minority-foundations-in-turkey-frompast-to-future-1.html
http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=213440) (01.
02. 2012).
12/22/2013 4:28:39 PM
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18 D. Kurban, K. Hatemi, The Story of an Alien(ation), pp. 2829.
19 .
B. Gltekin-Punsmann, Religious Freedom in Turkey: situation of religious minorities, Brussels:
European Parliament, 2008, p. 9. O. Oehring, TURKEY: What difference does the latest
Foundations Law make?. (http://forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=1100&pdf=Y) (01. 02. 2013).
20 USCIRF Annual Report 2012, pp. 202204.
21 a
. D. Kurban, K. Hatemi, The Story of an Alien(ation), pp. 3233.
.
22
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12/22/2013 4:28:39 PM
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The fundamental problem and how it might be solved, p. 3. (http://www.forum18.org/Archive.
php?article_id=1537) (15. 01. 2013).
23 Ecumenical Patriarch Welcomes Decision to Reopen School in Imvros,
(http://eu.greekreporter.com/2012/01/20/ecumenical-patriarch-welcomes-decision-to-reopenschool-in-imvros); (15. 01. 2013); D. Kurban, K. Hatemi, The Story of an Alien(ation), p. 19.
24 According to the Supreme Court: Mor Gabriel monastery is an occupier,
(http://www.morgabriel.org/news77.html) (15. 01. 2013).
25 USCIRF Annual Report 2012, p. 203.

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26 1951.
.
, . Finally, Istanbul gives Syriac Christians a place
to build: a cemetery.
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27 T. P. Carroll, Turkey and the Prospects for Religious Freedom in the Middle East, . 20.
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31 Opinion on the legal status of religious communities in Turkey and the right of the Orthodox
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Je .

: 1)

; 2)
,
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32 Opinion on the legal status of religious communities in Turkey and the right of the Orthodox
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34 M. Yildirim, O. Oehring, Turkey: Why state interference in the election of Chief Rabbi, Greek
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38 M. Yildirim, O. Oehring, Turkey: Why state interference in the election, p. 4.
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, ,
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40 USCIRF Annual Report 2012, p. 206; E. Macar and M. A. Gkat, Discussions and
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41 . Opinion
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449&nID=25029&NewsCatID=422) (05. 02. 2013).
43 USCIRF Annual Report 2012, p. 206. ,
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190 , .
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USCIRF Annual Report 2012, p. 209.
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. USCIRF Annual Report 2012, p. 208.
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2006. ,
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52 Turkish Protestants highlight problems, (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkishprotestants-highlight-problems.aspx?pageID=238&nid=39133) (03. 02. 2013).
53
2012. . Presidency urges new
trial in Dink murder.
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aspx?pageID=238&nid=14233) (10. 02. 2013).
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55 Ibid, p. 42.
56 Ibid, p. 47.
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58 A. Simavoryan, Christians in todays Turkey (Protestants and Catholics),
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2011. 2012.
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60 M. Yildirim, Turkey: Expectations of the new Constitution and what this means for freedom
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a ,
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, ,
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2012 Human Rights Violations Report, Association of Protestant Churches (Turkey),

zmir 2013. (http://www.iirf.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/PDFs/2012_Rights_Vi
olations_Report.pdf)(02. 02. 2013).
B. Gltek in-Punsmann, Religious Freedom in Turkey: situation of religious mi
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D. Kurban, K. Hatemi, The Story of an Alien(ation): Real Estate Ownership Pro
blems of Non-Muslim Fou ndat ions and Communit ies in Turkey, stanbul
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61 Ibid, p. 1. .
62 Greek Patriarch to give speech in Turkish Parliament, (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/
greek-patriarch-to-give-speech-in-turkish-parliament.aspx?pageID=238&nid=13777) (15. 01.
2013).
63 Catholics demand equal treatment in new charter, (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/
catholics-demand-equal-treatment-in-new-charter.aspx?pageID=238&nid=18601) (15. 01. 2103).
65 O. K. Cengiz, Minority foundations in Turkey: From past to future (1).
66 D. Kurban, K. Hatemi, The Story of an Alien(ation), p. 24.
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D. Kurban, K. Tsitselikis, A Tale of Reciprocity: Minority foundations in Greece and

Turkey, stanbul 2010. (http://www.tesev.org.tr/Upload/Publication/3ac5de5090d8-4c91-9580-7c7c172fb9ae/vakiflar-tr-grc-ing.pdf) (31. 01. 2012).
E. car, M. A. Gkat, Discussions and Recommendations on the Future of
the Halki Seminary, Istanbul 20092. (http://www.tesev.org.tr/Upload/Publi
cation/4f9fb15d-7c0e-4cee-a14d-a2ba40841714/2006_Dec_Halk i_Seminary.
pdf) (05. 02. 2013).
E. zbudun, Democratic Opening, the Legal Status of Non-Muslim Religious Com
munities and the Venice Commission, Insight Turkey Vol. 12 / No. 2 / 2010,
. 213222. (http://file.insightturkey.com/Files/Pdf/insight_turkey_vol_12_
no_2_2010_ulusoy.pdf) (04. 02. 2013).
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J. Eibner, Turkeys Christians under Siege, Midd le East Qua rterly, Spring 2011.
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Turkey 2012 Progress report, European Comission, Brussels 2012. (http://ec.europa.
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T. P. Carroll, Turkey and the Prospects for Religious Freedom in the Middle East,
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lemesi I, Nobel Publications, Ankara, 2005.
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dies no. 3, Ankara, 1996.
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Gokay Bulent, Soviet Eastern Policy and Turkey 1920-1991, Routlege, London, 2006.
Dav utolu Ahmet, Principles of Turkish Foreign Policy, SETA Foundations Was
hington D.C. Branch, December 8, 2009,Grand Ballroom, Mayflower Hotel,
Washington D.C.
Ertan Efegil, Turkish AKParty`s Central Asia and Caucasuss policies:Critiques and
Suggestions, Caucasian Review of International Aff airs, CAUCASIA VOL. 2
(3) SUMMER 2008.
Ertan Efegil, Rationality Question of Turkeys Central Asia Policy, Bilgi (19), 2009
/2
Larrabee Stephen and Lesse Ian, Turkish Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty,
Rand Corporation 2003.
Nasuh Uslu, The Russian, Caucasian and Central Asian Aspects of Turkish Fore
ign Policy in the Post Cold War Period, Alternatives: Turkish Journal of Inter
national Relations, Vol.2, No.3&4, Fall&Winter 2003.
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Hopkirk Peter, Setting the East Ablaze: Lenin`s Dream od an Empire in Asia, John
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Austriji 19651973, Beograd 2012, 87.
2 ; Helena Flam (Hg.), Migranten in Deutschland. Statistiken-Fakten-Diskurse, Konstanz
2007, 293.
3 Hedw ig Rudolph, Die Dynamik der Einwanderung im Nichteinwanderungsland Deutschland,
: Heinz Fassmann, Rainer Mnz (Hg.), Migration in Europa: Historische Entwicklung, aktuelle
Trends und politische Rea ktionen, Frankf urt-New York 1996, 169.
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23 Zukorli je muft ija politiar, obian kriminalac i nasilnik, Blic.rs, 21. oktobar 2011.
24 Albanci ne prihvataju pomirenje islamskih zajednica, Vesti-online.com, 18. oktobar 2011.
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42 Beograd blok ira sporazum o objedinjavanju IZ u Srbiji: Inicijativa Turske pred kra hom?,
Avaz.ba, 22. novembar 2011.
43 Vrijeme je da se kriminalci istjeraju iz politikog i javnog ivota Sanda ka, Mesihat.org, 17.
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43 . , Halil Inalcik, Trkler ve Balkanlar,
: Balkanlar, Istanbul 1993, 933; Orhan Kololu, Osmanl Dnemide Balkanlar (13911918),
, 4197; Hans Georg Majer, The Functioning of a Multi-ethnic and Multi-religious
State: The Ottoman Empire, : , , 1997, 6171;
Kemal Karpat, The Ottoman Past and Todays Turkey, Brill, 2000; Ek meledin Ihsanolu (prire
iva), Historija osmanske drave i civilizacije, .
, Krani i Jevreji u Osmanskoj carevini (priredili Benjamin
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ABSTRACTS
Darko Tanaskovi
Contradictions of neoosmanism as a practical policy

Abstract. From the 1990s and end of the Cold War, Turkey started to lead active
neoosmanist foreign policy towards closer and farther surroundings, with aim
to af
fi rm itself in the process of creation of the multiporal world order as a
(macro)regional power. At that path Turkey has achieved prominent successes,
and they should be considered multilaterally and bilaterally, but especially in last
several years are shown undoubted symptoms of limited ranges of neoosmanism
as a practical policy, as a consequence of internal contradictions of neoosmanist
doctrine and complexity of international situations. It is necessary, on the basis of
continuous attendance and objective analysis of all relevant indicators, to perceive
all previous foreign policy achievements and estimate potential scopes of Turkey
as a regional and macro regional power.
Keywords. Neoosmanism, foreign policy, (macro)regional power, multipolar world,
neighbors, diversification.
Goran Nikoli
Turkeys Economy: State and Prospects

(With Reference to the Demographics)
Abstract. Turkeys GDP per head has tripled in less than a decade. Productiv ity
record improved markedly in the decade after 2000, with average growth rates
of 3.3% in industrial output per worker. Concern is Turkeys growing dependen
ce on foreign capital to fuel its economy: its current-account deficit averaged 9%
of GDP in last years. More worrying still is that much of the foreign capital that
finances Turkeys current-account deficit is of the flighty sort. The danger now is
12/22/2013 4:29:17 PM
286
that a few more years of big current-account deficits, and the debt-creating capital
flows that finance them, will leave Turkey less resilient when trouble strikes. The
Turkish economic miracle depended on the inflow of foreign capital. The EUs re
lationship with Turkey remains crucial. Sustaining strong growth over the longer
run therefore requires pushing ahead with a number of structural reforms. Tur
keys rigid labour market regulation needs to evolve, so as to encourage job crea
tion in the formal sector. Further progress with education reform, from pre-school
all the way to the tertiary level and vocational training, is needed to boost growth
and bring about employment gains in the formal sector. Implementing product
market reforms, notably in network industries, would unleash productivity gains
in those sectors and be a boost to the rest of the economy.
Keywords. Turkey, GDP, sustanable growth, structural reform, trade, FDI, demo
graphy.
Duan Spasojevi
Role of the army in Turkey, through history and today

Abstract. In historical context this paper shows role of the army in the Turskih
society, work of military establishment in preservation of secularism, against isla

mism and Kurdish separatisam; it was also given a view on todays passive role of
the Turkish army under the rule of Recep Tayyip Erdoan.
Keywords. Turk ish army, secularism, Islamism, Kurdish separatism.
Jovana alji
Cultural Policy of Turkey: Renewal of Magnificent Century?

Abstract. The paper deals with some aspects of cultural policy of the contemporary
Republic of Turkey and, in the framework of its policy, possible rebirth and renewal
of islamic and osmanist cultural values and influences after the period of their, as
it considered absence, although it is more and more visible, they were just calm
during the Kemalist era. Practical use of that policy is happening, among others,
through educational system, above all through history notebooks, but as well via
mass media, through movies and series which most often adorn and glorify the
Ottoman past and which largely went from Turk ish borders to naturalize in al
most every home of the Balkan region.
12/22/2013 4:29:17 PM
Abstracts
287
Keywords. Culture, cultural policy, Turkey, osmanism, neoosmanism, islamism,
history teachings, Turkish series.

Adem Zilki
Islamic Community of Turkey Diyanet

Abstract. In this paper author presents history, organization and system of work of
the Islamic Community of Turkey Diyanet. Paper also shows legal and political
position of Diyanet but also numerous congregations (cemaats, demati) which li
ke Fethullah Glens have large number of followers and strong influence not just
in Turkey but in other Muslim countries as well.
Keywords. Turkey, Islam, Diyanet, Muslims.
Mia urkovi
Fethullah Glen nd Cemaat Hizmet

Abstract. In this article the author presents work of the imam, writer and preacher
Fethullah Glen and the religious movement, cemaat Hizmet, which is based on
his ideas developed in Turkey. It displays the basic biographical data and follows
the way in which he and his followers created a large network of institutions that
share Glens value system. The network is presented in details as well as Glens
ideology which is an interesting blend of traditional values and modern instru
ments, including a commitment to a market economy. The paper ends with a series
of controversies that followed the Hizmets work, both within Turkey and abroad.
This includes a charge that Gulen for the decades already has a very close relati
onship with the structures of the CIA.
Keywords. Fethullah Glen, Hizmet, Turkey, Islam, security, propaganda.
Danko Strahini
Position of Christians in contemporary Turkey

Abstract. The paper shows position of some Christian communities and under
lines their main problems in contemporary Turkey. Position of the minority re

ligious communities was based on complex legal frame with several restrictions.
12/22/2013 4:29:18 PM
288
This legal frame provides some communities with possibility to partially achieve
their rights and with various dif
ficulties. In the process of approaching towards
the EU, Turkey made some positive steps but without systematic constitutional
and legal changes what now leads to uncertainty in lives of minority communities.
Believers of minority religious communities are still in daily life faced with severe
bigotry, while their rights are still seen as a security matter. Religious minorities
expect their rights to be more guaranteed in new constitution of Turkey, while its
passing is still in the debate.
Keywords. Turkey, Christians, religious rights and freedom, Eccumenical Patriar
chate, Armenian Apostolic Church, European Union.
Zoran Miloevi
Turkeys pursuit of energy donor:

Energtic cooperation between Russia and Turkey
Abstract. Russian - Turkish cooperation in the field of natural gas trade dates from
1984. Gas delivery from Russia to Turkey began in 1987 followed by Turkish apply
in 1990 for a larger quantity of gas and in 1997 the agreement of building of the
Blue Stream was signed. During the last decade, Turkey has positioned itself as
lternative way of gas transport. Turkey has allowed the construction of South
Stream through its territory. Everything seemed to be quite idyllic if Turkey is not
affected zone by the U.S. and the European Union. Specifically, under the guise of
a strategic partnership with the United States, Ankara has become completely de
pendent and controlled. Therefore, the issue of energy cooperation between Russia
and Turkey is of strategic importance because it gives leverage influence Turkish
politics, which is increasingly becoming a mixture of pan-Islamism, neoosma
nism, and pan-westernism.
Keywords. Russia, Turkey, United States, European Union, gas.
Mia urkovi
Relations between Turkey and the United States of America

Abstract. Author problematizes very complex relations between Turkey and USA.
At the beginning is presented the history of their relations until the reign of the
12/22/2013 4:29:18 PM
Abstracts
289
Justice and Development Party in Turkey. It is spotted that mostly through mi

litary circles USA had the key role in shaping and directing the modern Turkey
which was the main USA ally in the Middle East, whereby in these relations also
was included close cooperation with Israel. Awakening of the neoosmanist tenden
cies went to review of these relations, while through the last decade Turkey stared
to emancipate itself in some segments from the inherited pattern to lead resolute
and, it looks, more independent foreign policy. This was the most visible during
the quarrel with Israel. However, after the start of the Arab Spring, Turkey retur
ned to its previous frames and totally endangered its position in Muslim surroun
dings by betraying its recent allies.
Keywords. Turkey, United States, foreign policy, army, islamism.
Slobodan Jankovi
Turkish policy in the Middle East

Abstract. Turk ish foreign policy strategy is to become one of the power poles in
the nascent world order. She wants to accomplish this by reintegrating the three
regions of Middle East, Caucasus and the Balkans with Turkey economically, cul
turally and eventually politically and to become one of the 10 major economies of
the world. In the Middle East she tried to achieve these using public diplomacy,
economic and cultural expansion, even the threat of using military aggression.
Creation and realization of such foreign policy required also some internal re
forms. After analyzing all mentioned activities of Turkey in the Middle East, and
the hint of the internal reforms coupled with the foreign policy initiatives, author
concludes that for the time being this strategy has failed.
Keywords. Turkey, Middle East, Turk ish foreign policy, world order, Turk ish eco
nomy.
Aleksandar Gaji
Neoosmanism in the Caspian region

Abstract. Considering the influence of the historical heritage of rivalry between
the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire as well as the Republic of Turkey and
the Soviet Union, the paper follows the path, aims and achievements of Turk ish
12/22/2013 4:29:18 PM
290
foreign policy in the Caspian region (Caucasus and the Middle Asia) in post Cold
War epoch. By noticing sort of foreign policy offensive in the 1990s as the first
expression of Turko-Islamic synthesis, in the paper are depicted aims, achieve
ments and deficits of such foreign policy in the Caspian region. Turk ish foreign
policy is at first compared with doctrinal neoosmanism as a consistent metho
dological and operational foreign policy approach, and then in the matter of this
region are depicted its previous shifts in implementation of Turkish goals in fore
ign policy, in other words those deficits which are spotted and solved, but also
those which are not.
Keywords. Caspian area, Turk ish foreign policy, neoosmanism, strategic depth,
energetics.
Petar Dragii
Picture of Turkish emigration in movies of Fatih Akin

Abstract. This paper analyzes picture of Turk ish emigration in movies of German
director of Turk ish origin Fatih Akin. Research is based on movies Akin did as
director and/or screenwriter between 1998 and 2007 (Kurz und schmerzlos, Ge
gen die Wand, Kebab Connection, Auf der anderen Seite). In the focus is the way
how Fatih Akin showed Turkish community in Germany, mostly Turkish identity
of emigrants, as well as differences between first and second generation of Turks
in Germany. In the paper is stated that in his movies Akin underlined polariza
tion of second generation of Turkish emigrants in Germany in compare with their
Turkish identity. At the end of paper it is researched how much the picture of Tur
kish emigration in Germany in movies of Fatih Akin corresponds with results of
contemporary field researches.
Keywords. Turks, Germany, emigrants, Fatih Akin, movies.
Milo Kovi
Two Empires: Brits and Ottomans (1774-1923)

Abstract. Author has carried the analyzes of relations between Britain and Otto
man Empire in 19th century, in light of the fact that British factor is today still lin
ked with return of Turkey to the Balkans. Viewed in longer time perspective from
12/22/2013 4:29:18 PM
Abstracts
291
1774 to 1923, politics of Great Britain towards the Ottoman Empire ceased to co
incide with popular opinions on traditional friendship. Relations of two empires
cannot be seen separately from their relations towards the third empire - Russia.
Only then all inconstancy of British politics towards Ottoman Empire is clearly
visible and its readiness for quick changes of allies and enemies.
Keywords. Great Britain, Ottoman Empire, Russia, international relations, 20th
century
Vladan Jovanovi
Yugoslav-Turkey demographic arrangements until middle 1950s

Abstract. The paper represents retrospective view on deosmanization Yugosla
via which happened during 1930s and 1950s. It was the same phenomena in two
completely diff erent situations, under two ideologically opposed regimes. Along
with the view on bilateral agreements between Yugoslavia and Turkey, the paper
shows similarities in emigration of Muslims supported by the Yugoslav state by
comparing four parameters: possible motivation of people towards migration to
Turkey, methodology and mechanisms of migration, scale and scope of migration
as well as international context in which migration happened.
Keywords. Yugoslavia, Turkey, emigration, Muslims, land reform.
Aleksandar ivoti
Greek-Turkish conflict and Middle East policy

of socialist Yugoslavia (1954-1957)
Abstract. The paper analyzes relationship among characters of the conflict betwe
en Greece and Turkey and Yugoslav policy in the Middle East. In this paper are
also analyzed foreign politics and strategic frames of international relations in the
Middle East, politics of members of the Balkan Pact in that region, Middle East
crisis and relation of Greece and Turkey towards that crisis as a process of special
global significance.
Keywords. Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Balkan Pact, Suez Crisis.
12/22/2013 4:29:18 PM
292
Aleksandar Rakovi
Turkish diplomatic initiative for unification of

the Islamic communities in the Republic of Serbia
(October November 2011)
Abstract. On the basis of public documentation of the Ministry of Religion of the
Republic of Serbia, personal notes about talks with the highest religious of
ficials
of the Islamic Community of Serbia and foreign diplomats, domestic and foreign
press, this paper shows how Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Serbia decided
to accept the Islamic Community of Serbia with reis-ul-ulema and seat in Belgrade
as traditional religious community in the Republic of Serbia (2010) and explains
how Turkish diplomatic initiative was the answer with aim to abolish the Islamic
Community of Serbia and aft er imposed unification of the Islamic Community in
the Republic of Serbia to place it under jurisdiction of reis-ul-ulema of the Islamic
Community of Bosnia-Herzegovina with seat in Sarajevo (2011) .
Keywords. Islamic Community, Serbia, Turkey, Bosnia-Herzegovina, reis-ul-ule
ma, mufti.
Nenad Kecmanovi
Neoosmanism or panislamism.
Reception of neoosmanism in Bosnia-Herzegovina
Abstract. The paper shows how turbulences in Istanbul will have strong echo in
Sarajevo, which is now not just Muslim but through many attributes a Turkish city.
It is obv ious when we have in mind that Turk ish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Erdoan said that Bosnia-Herzegovina is his special care and behest of Alija Izet
begovi, while former Bosnian reis-ul-ulema Mustafa Ceri added that Turkey
is the Bosnia k Matrix. It is still under question mark how this question fit into
American strategy of support to Turkey as a part of wider European Union (Br
zezinski) and vision of Bosnia-Herzegovina as unique state which has to speak the
same voice in Brussels?
Keywords. Neoosmanism, islamism, panislamism, Arab Spring, Turkey, Bosnia,
Middle East, Serbia, Republic of Srpska.
12/22/2013 4:29:18 PM
Abstracts
293
eljko Vujadinovi
LEmpire ottoman (Rpublique de Turquie) et lEurope.

Les contrastes et linterfrence
Rsum. Dans ce texte lauteur tudie les contrastes sculaires existant entre lhi
stoire europenne et orientale et ses confrontations, croisements et perceptions.

Le point du dpart de son analyse lauteur met aux moments o lEurope et lEm
pire ottoman vivaient simultanment leurs expansions respectives: spirituelle et
conomique de lEurope et militaire de la Turquie. Lauteur examine les causes, les
motifs, la logique, la mthodologie, les voies et les traces de lexpansion ottoma
ne vers lEurope daujourdhui, puis les raisons du recul et de la chute de lEmpire
ottoman ainsi que les traces quil avait laisses en Europe et dans les Balkans. Ce
travail se concentre galement sur la question des tudes de lautre , ainsi que
sur les causes et la nature de lintrt que porte le monde occidental pour lhistoire
orientale. Les problmes des rapports de ces deux mondes sont galement tudis
dans le contexte des priorits gopolitiques actuelles. Lauteur explique en parti
culier la transformation de la Turquie daujourdhui vers une grande puissance
dmographique, conomique et militaire et la rapparition des phnomnes de
lorientalisme et du nouvel ottomanisme. A la fin, lauteur pose plusieurs questi
ons ouvertes et trs actuelles relatives la destine des Balkans dans le tourbillon
des influences europennes et turques.
Mots-cls. Europe, Empire ottoman, Turquie, Balkans, islam, orientalisme, nou
vel ottomanisme
12/22/2013 4:29:19 PM
CIP -
,
327(560)(082)
323(560)(082)
94(560)(082)
? / ,
. - :
, 2013 ( : ). - 293 . : . ; 25 cm
300. - . 7-14: -
? / , . -
. -
. - Summaries.
ISBN 978-86-82057-45-1
COBISS.SR-ID 203568652
12/22/2013 4:29:19 PM

Misa Djurkovic I Aleksandar Rakovic - Turska - Regionalna Sila

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International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2012

7 http://www.oecd.org/daf/internat iona linvest ment/invest mentstat isticsanda nalysis/FDI%20

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ej (David OByrne, 2012)

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2023, 2050. 93,5 .

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David P. Goldman, Ankaras Economic Miracle Collapses (Changes in Turkey),

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Adem ef. Zilki*

ISLAMSKA ZAJEDNICA TURSKE DIJANET