C-Notes 2.

Topic/Objective: Bonding

Name:

CS1.1 Matter has physical properties.

Team:
Date:

Essential Question: What are covalent and ionic bonds? When do covalent and ionic bonds form?
Questions:

Notes:

Matter

ANYTHING that has a mass and takes up space.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outer energy shell of an atom that can bond with other atoms
The number of valence electrons an atom has can be determined by the
GROUP or VERTICAL COLUMN of the periodic table an element falls in

The majority of atoms are chemically bonded to other atoms as a function of

their valence electrons.
There are three different types of bonding:
Metallic Bonding
metal + metal
atoms seek stability
atoms release their
electrons to become
cations (+) or accept
electrons to become
anions (-)

IONIC BONDING

Ionic Bonding
metal + nonmetal
atoms seek stability
atoms give off or
accept electrons

Covalent Bonding
nonmetal + nonmetal
atoms seek stability
atoms share electrons

strong bonds

weak bonds

Ionic bonding happens when one atom is looking to lose a valence electron,
and another atom is looking to gain one valence electron.

COVALENT
BONDING

For example, sodium gives one electron to fluorine.

Covalent bonding happens when one atom shares an electron (or electrons)
with another atom. For example, two hydrogen atoms each share one
electron with an oxygen atom to form water.

Bonding Rules:
1. Atoms of metals form ionic bonds with atoms of nonmetals
2. Atoms of metals form metallic bonds with atoms of other metals
3. Atoms of nonmetals bond covalently with one another
4. Covalent bonds SHARE electrons
5. Ionic bonds GIVE or TAKE electrons
Summary