GSM

CS-domain
BTS

MSC/VLR

BSS

Multimode
handset

GSM
EGPRS
UMTS

PSTN

Circuit Core
Network

BSC
GSM

GMSC

MFS

HLR
BTS MBS
SGSN

UMTS
GSM

MBS

UTRAN

ATM
MUX

GGSN
RNC

GPRS
backbone

UMTS
/GSM

MBS
RNC
UMTS

PS-domain

IP
Network

Arhitectura functionala
GSM
interventii

OSS

GSM
MS

abonati

BSS

NSS

Alte retele

Arhitectura functionala
GSM
structura retelei: abrevieri

MS Mobile Station terminalul propriu-zis (ME mobile

equipment) impreuna cu o cartela SIM (Subscriber Identification
Module)

BSS Base Station System = partea radio, raspandita in

teritoriu, cu care interactioneaza direct statiile mobile (MS)

NSS Network Sub-System = partea de centrala

telefonica, grupata in citeva amplasamente geografice (situri)

OSS Operations Support System = partea de operare

si intretinere, asigurata prin sisteme specifice producatorilor

Arhitectura functionala
GSM

Mobile Subscriber (ME + SIM)

ME (Mobile Equipment): terminalul mobil,

identificat unic prin IMEI (International Mobile Equipment
Identity), format din 15-16 digiti

SIM (Subscriber Identification Module), este

un modul (card) ce contine urmatoarele informatii: IMSI
(International Mobile Subscriber Identity),
TMSI(Temporary IMSI), Ki (cheie de criptare), Service
Provider Name (SPN), si Local Area Identity (LAI). De
asemenea, pe SIM se mai pot stoca numere de telefon
apelate sau receptionate, cheia Kc (folosita la criptare),
agenda telefonica, sau alte aplicatii(Grup Mesaje
Scrise, Agenda Back-up, etc).

Schimburi in retea: securitatea

convorbirii
...

...

SIM card
Ki

Random number selection

Radio Channel

Identification key (128 bits)

A3

AuC
Ki

RAND

A3

A3

A3
Signed ref. (32 bits)

A8

RAND (128 bits)

SRES

SRES

=?
OK

A8
Kc : Cipher
for the call (64 key
bits)

A5
Speech - Data - Signalling

A8

Cipher command

A8
BTS

Kc

A5

Ciphering/Deciphering

Ciphered data

A5
A5Speech - Data - Signalling

Ciphering/Deciphering

Arhitectura functionala
GSM
BSS Base StationNSS
System

BTS

PSTN/
ISDN

BSC
TC

BSS
BTS

GSM
definitii: tip BSS (Base Station
System)

BSS = partea radio, raspindita in teritoriu, ce realizeaza

legatura cu statiile mobile (MS)

Celule: suprafete fizice in care este impartita aria de acoperire a unei retele de
telefonie mobila

BTS: (Base Transceiver Station):statie de baza

TRX: echipamente de emisie-receptie

BSC: (Base Station Controller) controllerul statiilor de baza

TC: transcoder (TRAU)

GSM
BSS Base Station System:
elemente

BTS statia de baza care transmite/primeste

apeluri la/de_la MS. Include echipamente radio de
transmisie (emisie/receptie (TRX) pentru fiecare sector
(mono/bi/tri-sectorial)) si de semnalizare.

BSC controlerul statiilor de baza - indeplineste

functia de management al resurselor radio , actionind
in acelasi timp ca un comutator si ca un concentrator.
Controleaza: transferul intracelular al semnalului intre
BTS-uri, realocarea frecventelor intre BTS-uri.

TC TransCoders - conversia de format a datelor (de

la 13 la 64kbit/s si invers) intre BSC-uri si partea de
centrala (MSC) unde este si localizat fizic.

GSM
celule: plan celular
7

4
3
7

4
3
7

4
2

10

12

4
2

10

6
12

5
11

10
8

1
6

2
8

1
9

12

12
3

11

11

5
11

2
8

1
9

2
8

10

12

5
11

celule: canale in GSM

900/1800
960 960

1880 MHz

frecvente

banda
descendenta

200 kHz

(BTS ->MS)
935 925

1805
banda
1800
(2 x 75 MHz : 374
canale)

banda 900
(2 x 25 MHz : 124 canale)

915 915

1785 MHz

banda
ascendenta
MS -> BTS
890 880

1710
posibila extensie a benzii GSM
(2 x 35 MHz : 174 canale)

Arhitectura functionala
GSM
UPLINK
Band
(MS ->
BTS)
890-915
MHz

title

DOWNLIN
K
Band
(BTS
->MS)
925960MHz

celule: BTS- mono/bi/trisectorial

Omni-directional
acoperirea unei arii
slab-populate

Uni-directional
acoperirea unui drum

Sectorial
acoperirea in localitati

BTS: outdoor

title

Arhitectura functionala
GSM

PSTN/
ISDN

MSC

NSS Network Sub-System

BSS
EIR
SMS-C

VLR
AuC
HLR

Arhitectura functionala GSM

NSS Network Sub-System

MSC Mobile-service Switching Center =

centrala telefonica propriuzisa (comutatorul), asigura
interconectarea abonatilor mobili cu retele de telefonie
publica (PSTN)

HLR Home Location Register = baza de date

statica, permanenta, cu profile de abonati; contine si date
referior la localizarea si starea abonatului

VLR Visitor Location Register = baza de date

dinamica, in care sunt inscrisi abonatii ce se afla temporar
in aria unui alt MSC decit cel unde au fost declarati

AuC Authentication Center = contine chei de

criptare in vederea securizarii identitatii abonatilor unei
retele

Arhitectura functionala GSM

NSS Network Sub-System

VMS Voice Mail Server = server utilizat in retelele

GSM, ce gestioneaza si stocheaza casute vocale ale
abonatiolor

SMS-C Short Message Service Center =

echipament destinat trimiterii si stocarii SMS-urilor

EIR Equipment Identification Register = baza de

date operationala referitoare la identificarea aparatelor
mobile, in baza IMEI-ului

GSM

Arhitectura functionala
NSS nodul de comutatie

MSC = SSP + RCP (+VLR)

SSP Service Switching Point = creerea conexiunilor de

la si catre abonatii mobili sub control RCP, creerea
conexiunilor de tranzit, dispune de diverse resurse (anulatori
de ecou, generatoare de tonuri) pe care le poate angaja
pentru diverse conexiuni pe care le realizeaza)

RCP Radio Control Point = asigura mobilitatea (controlul

BSS, operatiuni referitoare la managementul mobilitatii,
controlul SSP pentru creerea si desfacerea conexiunilor)

VLR Visitors Location Register = stocarea informatiilor

dinamice referitoare la abonatii localizati, dialogul cu HLR

Schimburi in retea: secventa tipica de

apel
GSM
Network

...

... MS
CHANNEL REQUEST
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT

CM SERVICE REQUEST

PSTN or ISDN

SET-UP of an
RR CONNECTION (MO)
SERVICE INDICATION

AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
AUTHENTICATION
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
CIPHERING MODE CMD
TRANSITION to CIPHERING MODE
CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE
SET UP
CALL PROCEEDING

START of CALL

ASSIGNMENT CMD
ASSIGNMENT COM

TRAFFIC CHANNEL
ASSIGNMENT

ALERTING
CONNECT
CONNECT ACK

CALL CONFIRMATION
CALL ACCEPTED

Schimburi in retea: stabilirea unei conexiuni

radio
...

...

Um

MS

RACH

A bis

BTS

BSC

RR
CHANNEL REQUEST
BTSM
CHANNEL REQUIRED

MSC

ASSIGNMENT of an
SDCCH Channel
BTSM
CHANNEL ACTIV.
SDCCH N
ACTIVATION of
Channel indicated
CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK
BTSM
RRIMM. ASSIGN. CMD
RR
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN.
AGCH
SDCCH N
CONNECTION to the
T3101
SDCCH Channel
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
SDCCH
ESTABLISH INDIC.
SABM
SCCP CONNECT REQUEST
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
T9105
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
SCCP CONNECT CONFIRM
SDCCH
UA

Schimburi in retea: actualizarea locatiei

...

...

Um
MS

A bis
BTS

BSC

MSC

VLR

HLR

CHANNEL REQUEST
RR
BTSM
CHANNEL REQUIRED

RACH

BTSM
CHANNEL ACTIV.
CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK
BTSM
RR
IMM. ASSIGN. CMD
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN.
RR
AGCH
SDCCH

Loc. Upd. Req.

SABMMM

ESTABLISH INDIC.
SCCP CONNECT REQUEST
MA UPDATE LOCATION
Loc.
Upd.
Req.
MM
Loc. Upd. Req.
MM
UA
Loc. Upd. Req.
UPDATE LOCATION
MM
P
MAP
AREA
SCCP CONNECT CONFIRM

MAP
UPDATE LOCATION ACC
INSERT SUBSCR. DATA
MAP

LOCATION UPDATING
DATA REQUEST
MM
ACCEPT
Loc. Upd. Acc.
MM
TMSI
TMSI REALLOC COMPLETE
MM
DATA INDICATION

TMSI Alloc.
LOC. AREA UPD. ACC.
MAP
MAP
INSERT SUB. DATA ACK

SCCP DATA
Loc. Upd. Acc.
MM

SCCP DATA
MM
TMSI Realloc. compl.
MM
TMSI Realloc. compl.

Schimburi in retea: apel

international

...

...

VMSC VLR
Visited PLMN

Incoming

International SCCP
Gateways

COUNTRY 3
Outgoing

Incoming
Outgoin
g

Home PLMN
interrogation
GMSC

PSTN
COUNTRY 1

COUNTRY 2

HLR

intra BSC
BTS

BSC
MSC /
VLR
PSTN

BSC
...

...

Um
MS

A bis
BTS 1

REPORT
RR
SACCHMEASUREMENT
REPORT
RR
SACCHMEASUREMENT

BTS 2

BSC

PSTN or ISDN

MSC

MEASUREMENT REPORT
MEASUREMENT REPORT
Internal Handover decision
BTSM
CHANNEL ACTIV.
BTSM
CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK

DATA REQUEST
Handover Cmd
RR
HANDOVER COMMAND
RR
(RELEASE REQUEST)
(ol FACCH
Local End
T8
d)
(ne FACCH
HANDOVER
ACCESS
RR
w)
(access burst) HANDOVER DETECTION
RR
PHYSICAL INFO
Changeover to new channel
FACCH
SABM
ESTABLISH INDIC.
UA
HANDOVER COMPLETE
RR
DATA INDICATION
SCCP DATA
Handover. compl.
RR
BTSM
RF CHANNEL RELEASE
BSSMAP
H.O. Performed
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK
BTSM
Release of old channel

OSS: Operations Support

System

OMC-X: Operation and Maintenance Centre

X: BSS/NSS (CS, PS)/Transmisiuni/VAS

analizeaza alarmele din entitati

instaleaza noi elemente de software

parametrizeaza elementele

Network Management Center (Operation &

Maintenance)
BSS
OMC-R
MFS

NMC

OMC-G

SGSN

GGSN
OMC-S

MSC/VLR
HLR

Q&A