Arhitectura functionala GSM

CS-domain
BTS

MSC/VLR

BSS

Multimode
handset

GSM
EGPRS
UMTS

PSTN

Circuit Core
Network

BSC
GSM

GMSC

MFS

HLR
BTS MBS
SGSN

UMTS
GSM

MBS

UTRAN

ATM
MUX

GGSN
RNC

GPRS
backbone

UMTS
/GSM

MBS
RNC
UMTS

PS-domain

IP
Network

Arhitectura functionala GSM

interventii

OSS

GSM
MS

BSS
abonati

NSS

Alte retele

Arhitectura functionala GSM

structura retelei: abrevieri

MS Mobile Station terminalul propriu-zis (ME mobile

equipment) impreuna cu o cartela SIM (Subscriber Identification
Module)

BSS Base Station System = partea radio, raspandita in

teritoriu, cu care interactioneaza direct statiile mobile (MS)

NSS Network Sub-System = partea de centrala telefonica,

grupata in citeva amplasamente geografice (situri)

OSS Operations Support System = partea de operare si

intretinere, asigurata prin sisteme specifice producatorilor

Arhitectura functionala GSM

Mobile Subscriber (ME + SIM)

ME (Mobile Equipment): terminalul mobil, identificat unic

prin IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity), format din 1516 digiti

SIM (Subscriber Identification Module), este un modul

(card) ce contine urmatoarele informatii: IMSI (International Mobile
Subscriber Identity), TMSI(Temporary IMSI), Ki (cheie de
criptare), Service Provider Name (SPN), si Local Area Identity
(LAI). De asemenea, pe SIM se mai pot stoca numere de telefon
apelate sau receptionate, cheia Kc (folosita la criptare), agenda
telefonica, sau alte aplicatii(Grup Mesaje Scrise, Agenda Backup, etc).

Schimburi in retea: securitatea convorbirii

...

...

SIM card
Ki

Random number selection

RAND (128 bits)

Radio Channel

AuC

Identification key (128 bits)

Ki

RAND

A3

A3

A3

A3
Signed ref. (32 bits)

SRES

SRES

=?
OK

A8
A8
Kc : Cipher
key
for the call (64 bits)
A5
Speech - Data - Signalling

A8

Cipher command

A8
BTS

Kc

A5

Ciphering/Deciphering

Ciphered data

A5
A5 Speech - Data - Signalling

Ciphering/Deciphering

Arhitectura functionala GSM

BSS Base Station System
NSS
PSTN/
ISDN
TC

BSS

Arhitectura functionala GSM

definitii: tip BSS (Base Station System)

BSS = partea radio, raspindita in teritoriu, ce realizeaza legatura cu

statiile mobile (MS)

Celule: suprafete fizice in care este impartita aria de acoperire a

unei retele de telefonie mobila

BTS: (Base Transceiver Station):statie de baza

TRX: echipamente de emisie-receptie

BSC: (Base Station Controller) controllerul statiilor de baza

TC: transcoder (TRAU)

Arhitectura functionala GSM

BSS Base Station System: elemente

BTS statia de baza care transmite/primeste apeluri

la/de_la MS. Include echipamente radio de transmisie
(emisie/receptie (TRX) pentru fiecare sector (mono/bi/tri-sectorial))
si de semnalizare.

BSC controlerul statiilor de baza - indeplineste functia

de management al resurselor radio , actionind in acelasi timp ca
un comutator si ca un concentrator. Controleaza: transferul
intracelular al semnalului intre BTS-uri, realocarea frecventelor
intre BTS-uri.

TC TransCoders - conversia de format a datelor (de la 13 la

64kbit/s si invers) intre BSC-uri si partea de centrala (MSC) unde
este si localizat fizic.

Arhitectura functionala GSM

celule: plan celular
7

4
3
7

4
3
7

4
2

10

12

4
2

10

12

5
11

10
8

2
8

1
9

12

12
3

11

11

5
11

2
8

1
9

2
8

10

12

5
11

Arhitectura functionala GSM

celule: canale in GSM 900/1800
960 960

1880 MHz

frecvente

banda
descendenta

200 kHz

(BTS ->MS)
935 925

1805
banda 1800

banda 900
(2 x 25 MHz : 124 canale)

(2 x 75 MHz : 374 canale)

915 915

1785 MHz

banda
ascendenta
MS -> BTS
890 880

1710
posibila extensie a benzii GSM
(2 x 35 MHz : 174 canale)

Arhitectura functionala GSM

UPLINK
Band
(MS -> BTS)

DOWNLINK
Band
(BTS ->MS)
925-960MHz

890-915 MHz

title

Arhitectura functionala GSM

celule: BTS- mono/bi/tri-sectorial
Omni-directional
acoperirea unei arii
slab-populate

Uni-directional
acoperirea unui drum

Sectorial
acoperirea in localitati

BTS: outdoor

title

Arhitectura functionala GSM

NSS Network Sub-System

PSTN/
ISDN

MSC

EIR
SMS-C

VLR
AuC

HLR

Arhitectura functionala GSM

NSS Network Sub-System

MSC Mobile-service Switching Center = centrala

telefonica propriuzisa (comutatorul), asigura interconectarea
abonatilor mobili cu retele de telefonie publica (PSTN)

HLR Home Location Register = baza de date

statica, permanenta, cu profile de abonati; contine si date
referior la localizarea si starea abonatului

VLR Visitor Location Register = baza de date

dinamica, in care sunt inscrisi abonatii ce se afla temporar in
aria unui alt MSC decit cel unde au fost declarati

AuC Authentication Center = contine chei de

criptare in vederea securizarii identitatii abonatilor unei retele

Arhitectura functionala GSM

NSS Network Sub-System

VMS Voice Mail Server = server utilizat in retelele GSM, ce

gestioneaza si stocheaza casute vocale ale abonatiolor

SMS-C Short Message Service Center = echipament

destinat trimiterii si stocarii SMS-urilor

EIR Equipment Identification Register = baza de date

operationala referitoare la identificarea aparatelor mobile, in
baza IMEI-ului

Arhitectura functionala GSM

NSS nodul de comutatie

MSC = SSP + RCP (+VLR)

SSP Service Switching Point = creerea conexiunilor de la si

catre abonatii mobili sub control RCP, creerea conexiunilor de
tranzit, dispune de diverse resurse (anulatori de ecou,
generatoare de tonuri) pe care le poate angaja pentru diverse
conexiuni pe care le realizeaza)

RCP Radio Control Point = asigura mobilitatea (controlul

BSS, operatiuni referitoare la managementul mobilitatii, controlul
SSP pentru creerea si desfacerea conexiunilor)

VLR Visitors Location Register = stocarea informatiilor

dinamice referitoare la abonatii localizati, dialogul cu HLR

Schimburi in retea: secventa tipica de apel

GSM
Network

...

... MS

PSTN or ISDN

CHANNEL REQUEST
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT
CM SERVICE REQUEST

SET-UP of an
RR CONNECTION (MO)

SERVICE INDICATION

AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSEAUTHENTICATION
CIPHERING MODE CMD
TRANSITION to CIPHERING MODE
CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE
SET UP
CALL PROCEEDING

START of CALL

ASSIGNMENT CMD
ASSIGNMENT COM

TRAFFIC CHANNEL
ASSIGNMENT

ALERTING
CONNECT
CONNECT ACK

CALL CONFIRMATION
CALL ACCEPTED

Schimburi in retea: stabilirea unei conexiuni radio

...

...
MS
RACH

Um

A bis

BTS

RRCHANNEL REQUEST

BSC

MSC

BTSM
CHANNEL REQUIRED

ASSIGNMENT of an
SDCCH Channel
BTSMCHANNEL ACTIV.
SDCCH N
ACTIVATION of
Channel indicated
CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK
BTSM
RR IMM. ASSIGN. CMD
RRIMMEDIATE ASSIGN.
AGCH
SDCCH N
CONNECTION to the
T3101
SDCCH Channel
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
SDCCH
ESTABLISH INDIC.
SABM

SCCP CONNECT REQUEST

MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
T9105
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
SCCP CONNECT CONFIRM
SDCCH
UA

Schimburi in retea: actualizarea locatiei

...

...

Um
MS

A bis
BTS

BSC

MSC

VLR

HLR

RRCHANNEL REQUEST
BTSM
CHANNEL REQUIRED

RACH

BTSMCHANNEL ACTIV.
BTSM CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK
RR
RRIMMEDIATE ASSIGN. IMM. ASSIGN. CMD
AGCH
SDCCH

SABM MMLoc. Upd. Req.

UA MMLoc. Upd. Req.

ESTABLISH INDIC.

MMLoc. Upd. Req.

SCCP CONNECT REQUEST

MA
MMLoc. Upd. Req.
P
SCCP CONNECT CONFIRM

UPDATE LOCATION
MAPUPDATE LOCATION
AREA
MAPUPDATE LOCATION ACC
INSERT SUBSCR. DATA
MAP

LOCATION UPDATING
MM
ACCEPT

DATA REQUEST

MMLoc. Upd. Acc.

TMSI
MMTMSI REALLOC COMPLETE
DATA INDICATION
MMTMSI Realloc. compl.

SCCP DATA
MMLoc. Upd. Acc.

TMSI Alloc.
MAPLOC. AREA UPD. ACC.
MAP
INSERT SUB. DATA ACK

SCCP DATA
MMTMSI Realloc. compl.

Schimburi in retea: apel international

VMSC VLR

...

...

Visited PLMN

International SCCP
Gateways

Incoming

COUNTRY 3
Outgoing
Home PLMN

Outgoing

Incoming

interrogation
GMSC

PSTN
COUNTRY 1
COUNTRY 2

HLR

Schimburi in retea: handover intra BSC

BTS

BSC

MSC /
VLR
PSTN

Schimburi in retea: handover intra BSC

...

...

Um
MS

A bis
BTS 1

REPORT
RR
SACCH MEASUREMENT
REPORT
RR
SACCH MEASUREMENT

BTS 2

BSC

PSTN or ISDN

MSC

MEASUREMENT REPORT
MEASUREMENT REPORT

Internal Handover decision

BTSMCHANNEL ACTIV.
BTSM
CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK
DATA REQUESTRRHandover Cmd
RRHANDOVER COMMAND
(RELEASE REQUEST)
(old FACCH
Local End
T8
)
(new)FACCH
RRHANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER DETECTION
(access burst)
RRPHYSICAL INFO
Changeover to new channel
FACCH
SABM
ESTABLISH INDIC.
UA
HANDOVER COMPLETE
RR
DATA INDICATION
SCCP DATA
RRHandover. compl.
BTSM
RF CHANNEL RELEASE
BSSMAPH.O. Performed

RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACKRelease of old channel

BTSM

OSS: Operations Support System

OMC-X: Operation and Maintenance Centre

X: BSS/NSS (CS, PS)/Transmisiuni/VAS

analizeaza alarmele din entitati

instaleaza noi elemente de software

parametrizeaza elementele

OSS (Operations Support System)

Network Management Center (Operation & Maintenance)

BSS
OMC-R
MFS

NMC

OMC-G

SGSN

GGSN
OMC-S

MSC/VLR
HLR

Q&A