List of rulers of Bavaria

1.2 Carolingian dynasty, 788911

Carolingian dynasty
The Kings (later Emperors) of the Franks now assumed
complete control, placing Bavaria under the rule of nonhereditary governors and civil servants. They were not
Dukes but rather Kings of Bavaria. The Emperor Louis
the Pious divided control of the Empire among his sons,
and the divisions became permanent in the decades following his death in 840. The Frankish rulers controlled
Bavaria as part of their possessions.

1.3 Luitpolding dynasty, 911947

Luitpolding dynasty
Luitpold, founder of the Luitpolding dynasty, was not a
Duke of Bavaria but a Margrave of Carinthia under the
rule of Louis the Child. Frankish power had waned in the
region due to Hungarian attacks, allowing the local rulers
greater independence. Luitpolds son, Arnulf, claimed
the title of Duke (implying full autonomy) in 911, and
was recognized as such by the German King Henry the
Fowler in 920.

Coat of arms of Bavaria.

The following is a list of rulers during the history of

Bavaria. Bavaria was ruled by several dukes and kings,
1.4 German kings, 9471070
partitioned and reunited, under several dynasties. Since
1949, Bavaria has been a democratic state in the Federal
Ottonian dynasty Salian dynasty
Republic of Germany.

1
1.1

From 947 until the 11th century, the kings of Germany

repeatedly transferred Bavaria into dierent hands (including their own), never allowing any one family to establish itself. Bavaria was ruled by a series of shortlasting, mostly unrelated dynasties.

Dynastic overview
Agilolng dynasty, 548788
Agilolng dynasty

1.5 Houses of Welf and Babenberg, 1070

1180

Around 548 the kings of the Franks placed the border

region of Bavaria under the administration of a duke
possibly Frankish or possibly chosen from amongst the
local leading families who was supposed to act as a
regional governor for the Frankish king. The rst duke we
know of, and likely the rst, was Gariwald, or Garibald
I, a member of the powerful Agilolng family. This was
the beginning of a series of Agilolng dukes that was to
last until 788.

Houses of Welf and Babenberg

In 1070, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor deposed duke
Otto, granting the duchy instead to Welf I, Duke of
Bavaria, a member of the Italo-Bavarian family of Este.
Welf I subsequently quarreled with King Henry and was
deprived of his duchy for nineteen years, during which it
was directly administered by the German crown. Welf I
1

DYNASTIC OVERVIEW

recovered the duchy in 1096, and was succeeded by his In Upper Bavaria, Louis II was succeeded by his sons
sons Welf II and Henry IX the latter was succeeded by Rudolf I and Louis IV. The latter was elected King of
his son Henry X, who also became Duke of Saxony.
Germany in 1314. After John Is death in 1340, Louis IV
unied the Bavarian duchy.

1.6

Wittelsbach dynasty, 11801918

The dukes of Upper Bavaria served also as Counts Palatinate of the Rhine. In 1329 Louis IV released the Palatinate of the Rhine including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate
to the sons of Rudolf I. The Upper Palatinate would be
reunited with Bavaria in 1623, the Lower Palatinate in
1777.
1.6.2 Second partition 13491503
From 1349 until 1503 the second partition of Bavaria
took place. In 1349, the six sons of Louis IV partitioned
Bavaria into Upper and Lower Bavaria again. In 1353,
Lower Bavaria was partitioned into Bavaria-Landshut and
Bavaria-Straubing. Upper Bavaria was partitioned between Bavaria-Straubing and Bavaria-Landshut in 1363.
After the death of Stephan II in 1392, Bavaria-Landshut
was broken into three duchies, John II, Duke of Bavaria
gained Bavaria-Munich, Frederick, Duke of BavariaLandshut received a smaller Bavaria-Landshut, and in
Bavaria-Ingolstadt ruled Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria.
Following the Landshut War (15031505), the Duke of
Bavaria-Munich Albert IV the Wise became ruler of
Bavaria. In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy should
pass according to the rules of primogeniture.
In 1623 Maximilian I was granted the title Prince-elector
(German: Kurfrst) of the Rhenish Palatinate in 1623.

Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bavaria

1.6.3 Kings of Bavaria, 18061918

Wittelsbach dynasty

Main article: King of Bavaria

In 1180, Henry XII the Lion and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, fell out, and Frederick dispossessed the
duke and gave his territory to Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of
Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach. Bavaria remained
in the possession of various branches of the family until
the First World War.

In 1805 under the Peace of Pressburg between the

Napoleonic France and the Holy Roman Empire several
duchies were elevated to kingdoms. The Wittelsbach
rulers of Bavaria held the title King of Bavaria from 1806
until 1918. The prince-elector of Bavaria, Maximilian IV
Joseph formally assumed the title King Maximilian I of
Bavaria on 1 January 1806. The well-known so called
1.6.1 First partition, 12531340
Mrchenknig (Fairy tale king) Ludwig II constructed
Neuschwanstein Castle, Herrenchiemsee, and Linderhof
In 1253, on Otto IIs death, Bavaria was divided between Palace during his reign (18641886), bankrupting the
his sons. Henry became Duke of Lower Bavaria, and country in the process. In 1918 Ludwig III lost his throne
Louis of Upper Bavaria. From this point until the begin- in the German Revolution of 19181919.
ning of the 16th century, the territories were frequently
divided between brothers, making the Dukes dicult to
1.7 Post-monarchy
list.
In Lower Bavaria, Henry XIII was succeeded by his
three sons, Otto III, Louis III, and Stephen I ruling jointly. Main article: List of Ministers-President of Bavaria
Otto IIIs successor in the joint dukedom was his son
Henry XV. Stephens successors were his sons Otto IV In 1918 at the end of the First World War in the
German Revolution of 19181919 Bavaria became a
and Henry XIV. Henry XIVs son was John I.

3
democratic republic in the Weimar Republic; the name
for the period of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Since
then the rulers of Bavaria are minister presidents.

Table of rulers

Agilolng dynasty Carolingian dynasty Luitpolding dynasty Ottonian dynasty Salian dynasty Houses of Welf
and Babenberg Wittelsbach dynasty

2.1

Ducal Bavaria

2.2

Carolingian Bavaria and Dominion

from the Holy Roman Empire

2.3

Ducal Bavaria

2.4

Duchy of Bavaria

Further information: Duchy of Bavaria

2.5

Electorate of Bavaria

Further information: Electorate of Bavaria

2.6

Kingdom of Bavaria

Further information: Kingdom of Bavaria

For later rulers, see List of Ministers-President of
Bavaria.

References

[1] Paul the Deacon (1907), History of the Langobards (Historia Langobardorum), William Dudley Foulke, trans.
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania), III, x, calls
him king of the Bavarians. The mid-thirteenth-century
Series Ducum Bavari calls him Garibaldus rex, see FMG.
[2] King, Greg (1996), The Mad King: The Life and Times of
Ludwig II of Bavaria., ISBN 978-1-55972-362-6

External links
Media related to Dukes of Bavaria at Wikimedia
Commons
Media related to Kings of Bavaria at Wikimedia
Commons

5 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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List of rulers of Bavaria Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria?oldid=684572521 Contributors: Olivier,

Mahjongg, Gabbe, Muriel Gottrop~enwiki, John K, Richard Avery, Adam Bishop, Topbanana, Wetman, Chl, Eugene van der Pijll, Romanm, Der Eberswalder, Andromeda~enwiki, Ferkelparade, Gdr, Quadell, Piotrus, Knsterle~enwiki, Engleman, D6, Rich Farmbrough,
Ahkond, Indrian, Hurricane111, Imars, Robotje, Viriditas, Martg76, Mcferran, Woohookitty, Ianweller, Ketiltrout, Koavf, Gryndor,
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GoodDay, Rrburke, Gogafax, -Ilhador-, RandomCritic, Razr, Adam sk, Michaelsanders, Thijs!bot, Barticus88, Cladeal832, F McGady,
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Numbo3-bot, CountryBot, Fryed-peach, Legobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Daaviiid, The Emperors New Spy, AnomieBOT, LlywelynII, Serban Marin, Omnipaedista, RibotBOT, Mattis, FrescoBot, LittleWink, Greg Pandatshang, LouisPhilippeCharles, Eurulers, Dewritech, XinaNicole, Sundostund, , Oursana, Kvz65, MerlIwBot, Harsimaja, JWULTRABLIZZARD, Bibliographe, Marcocapelle, Mhmrodrigues,
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