BI 2.

IU CH TNG T CHO TN HIU S ASK, FSK, QPSK,

QAM MODULATION-DEMODULATION
1. iu ch ASK.
a. L thuyt iu ch ASK.
iu ch kho dch bin ASK(Ampitude Shift Keying) : sng iu bin c
to ra bng cch thay i bin sng mang theo bin tn hiu bng gc.
Phng php ny vi cc bit 0 v 1 lm thay i bin ca tn hiu sngmang,
trong tc truyn tn hiu ASK b gii hn bi cc c tnh vt l ca mi trng
truyn. Truyn dn ASK thng rt nhy cm vi nhiu .Nhi ny thng l cc tn hiu
in p xut hin trn ng dy t cc ngun tn hiu khc nh hng c ln bin
ca tn hiu ASK.
Bng thng dng cho ASK:
BW = (1+d).Nbaud
Trong :
BW: bng thng
Nbaud : tc baud
d: tha s lin quan n iu kin ng dy (c gi tr b nht l 0)
Ta thy bng thng ti thiu cn cho qu trnh truyn th bng tc baud.
Gii iu ch l qu trnh ngc li vi qu trnh iu ch .Trong qu trnh thu
c c mt trong cc tham s : bin , tn s,pha ca tn hiu sng mang c bin i
theo tn hiu iu ch v ty theo phng thc iu ch m ta c c cc phng thc
gii iu ch thch hp ly li thng tin cn thit.

Hnh 1.1. S khi ca iu ch ASK.

Hnh 1.2. S khi ca gii iu ch ASK.

b. Kt qu th nghim
-

iu ch ASK trc tip

Hnh 1.3. iu ch ASK trc tip.

Gii iu ch ASK trc tip.

Hnh 1.4. Gii iu ch ASK trc tip.

-

iu ch ASK m vi phn 1 bt.

Hnh 1.5. iu ch ASK vi phn 1 bt.

Gii iu ch ASK m vi phn 1 bt.

Hnh 1.6. Gii iu ch ASK vi phn 1 bt.

Nhn xt:
Kt qu t c gn ging vi l thuyt.

2. iu ch BPSK.
a. C s l thuyt.
Kha dch pha nh phn-BPSK kha dch pha nh phn th hai pha u ra c th
l vi mt tn s sng mang n .Trong hai pha th mt trong hai pha tng ng vi
mc logic 1 v mt pha tng ng vi mc logic 0.Nu nh trng thi ca tn hiu nh
phn u vo c s thay i th hai gc pha u ra cng bin i lch pha nhau 180 0
.Cng v vy m tn hiu BPSK cn c gi l kha o pha (PRK-phase reversal
keying ) hoc iu ch nh phn.
Nguyn tc: cc tn hiu nh phn tc dng ln sng mang lm thay i pha ca
sng mang . C th l :
Bt 1: pha ca sng mang l 0
Bt 0: pha ca sng mang l 1800
Cc gi tr ny c th ngc li nhng nguyn tc chung l khi c s o bt th
pha ca sng mang lch i 1800 .

Bng chn l ca tn hiu iu ch BPSK:

Nh phn u vo
Logic 0
Logic 1

Pha u ra
1800
00

C th thy r rng hn trong cch biu din trn th thi gian v trng thi ca
tn hiu BPSK.

Hinh 2.1. th thi gian v trng thi.

b. Kt qu th nghim.
- iu ch BPSK trc tip.

Hinh 2.2. iu ch BPSK trc tip.

Gii iu ch BPSK trc tip.

Hinh 2.3. Gii iu ch BPSK trc tip.

iu ch D-BPSK

Hnh 2.4. iu ch D-BPSK.

Hnh 2.5. Gii iu ch D-BPSK.

3. iu ch FSK.
iu ch FSK l phng php iu ch dng 2 tn s khc nhau ca sng mang
biu din bt 1 v 0. Tn s cao ng vi bt 1 v tn s thp ng vi bt 0.

Phng php i ch.

Hnh 3.1. Phng php iu ch FSK.

Ph ca iu ch FSK.

Hnh 3.2. Dng ph tn hiu FSK

4. iu ch QAM.
iu ch QAM (Quature Amplitude Modulation: iu ch bin vung gc)
lphng php iu ch kt hp gia iu bin v iu pha. phng php ny, sng
mang sau iu ch c bin v pha thay i theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch.
Sau y ta xt trng hp c th sau iu ch QAM 16 trng thi (iu ch 16 QAM).
p ng yu cu thng tin tc cao, ngi ta phi tng s trng thi pha v bin
ca sng mang c c s trng thi pha nhiu v khong cch gia cc trng thi pha
ln.

Hnh 4.1. S khi iu ch 16 QAM.

Mch iu ch 16 QAM gm c:
- Mch bin i ni tip sang song song c nhim v chia lung s u vo thnh 4 lung
c tc bng nhau v bng 1/4 lung s vo.
- Mch dao ng VCO: l b dao ng to sng mang c tn s iu khin bng in p.
- Mch dch pha 90: bin i sng mang A.cos (t + ) thnh sng mang A.sin (t + ).
- B bin i D/A c nhim v nhn hai lung s c hai mc bin u vo bin
i thnh mt tn hiu c 4 mc bin (tn hiu tng t) ng ra.
- M1, M2: cc b nhn c nhim v nhn cc sng mang vi tn hiu sau cc b bin i
D/A.
- B cng c nhim v cng cc tn hiu sau khi nhn M1 v M2 to thnh sng
mang

16 QAM.
Biu pha ca sng mang sau iu ch 16 QAM:

Hnh 4.2. Bi pha ca sng mang 16 QAM.

Nguyn l hot ng:
S liu cn iu ch c a n mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song, c
chia thnh 4 lung D1, D2, D3, D4 c tc bng nhau v bng 1/4 lung s vo. Cc
lung D1, D2 c a n b bin i D/A 1 chuyn thnh tn hiu tng t 4 mc
A1. Cc lung D3, D4 c a n b bin i D/A 2 chuyn thnh tn hiu tng t
4 mc A2. Sau tn hiu tng t A1 c nhn vi sng mang A.cos(t + ) do b
dao ng VCO to ra ti M1, u ra ca M1 ta thu c tn hiu.
S1 = A1.Acos . (t + ). Tn hiu tng t A2 c nhn vi sng mang
A.sin(t + ) do b dao ng VCO to ra v qua dch pha 90o ti M2, u ra ca
M2 ta thu c tn hiu: S2 = A2Asin(t + ). Cc tn hiu S1 v S2 c cng vi
nhau to thnh tn hiu 16 QAM. Hnh 4.3 m t dng sng ca iu ch 16 QAM.

Hnh 4.3. Dng sng mch iu ch 16 QAM