Professional Documents
Culture Documents
... !
, , .
, .
Anton Bruckner (1824-1896)1
:
, (. voice
crossing, . Verwechselung). ,
,
.
,
(S.A.T.B.). , (.,
, []), (.
, [A]) , (. , [S]),
( , [A]), .
1) :
,
, : )
, a priori
)
, a posteriori
.
,
,
. .2 ,
1
Segns, mein Herrn, dass ist die Regl, I schreib natirli not a so, . Schenker [1906] 1980:177.
O Riemann
. (. Riemann Shedlock, 1895:172, : ),
, , ,
, .
2
,
. , ,
.
, , ,
, ;
,
,
, ,
Schoenberg;
, ;
. ,
,
,
. ,
, , ,
, . ,
,
(
),
.
:
,
, : )
, (
)
, ) [ ],
,
( , .),
, , )
,
.3
, ,
3
. Williams 1992:63.
(directional logic) . , ,
.
. , ,
,4
:
) 5 ,
,
( ),
) ,
,
. ,
, , ,
,
( ) , ,
)
,
( ).
2)
Huron: ) , ): , )
.
: ,
: ) (overlapping)
) (. voice-exchange,
. Stimmtausch).
, ,
.
, , :
,
,
4
. Huron 1991:94.
(tessitura)
, .
5
. ,
.
, .6
3) ().
(Stimmtausch),
,
,
, .
.
,
. ,
, .
4) [SS].
:
,
, ,
, , . ,
, ,
,
. ,
(
) .
,
. ,
.
:
6
Schubert 1999:25.
. ,
,
.
,
, ( )
,
. ,
17
( Harnish
(1608), Lippius (1612), Campion (1613), Werkmeister (1702)
Rameau (1722),
),7
ars antiqua ( organum conductus
, 13 )
(, )
,
ars nova, 20
, .
: .8
, 3
, Stimmtausch.
, :
ambitus,
14 15 .9
, 13 ,
ambitus ( 1 , 1 ),
.10
5) Jesus Cristes milde moder ( ).
ars nova,
,
.
, Pietro Aaron
(1480-1545). Libri tres de institutione harmonica (I516),
,
,
(ordo distribuendi)
, .11 ,
Gafurius (1451-1522), ,
, ,
.12
, 16
,
, (cantus firmus)
.13 , (cantus prius factus)
(discantus), (contratenor
bassus), (altus) .14
Deo confitemini conductus,
13 .15 (duplus)
(triplus), ,
. , ,
.
6) Deo confitemini Domino.16
11
:
)
: ) ,
([S-], [-] [-], ,
[S-], [-], . [S-]
, .17 ,
, ,
,
.
, - ,
-
: ) , )
, , ) (
5 8 , , ),
, ) ,
.18
) :
Ernst Kurth (1886 1946),
: (energetisch)
(klangsinnlich).19
, , 3
,
, . ,
. ,
,
(
), ,
. , ,
(choral) Bach, ,
17
Arnold 1965:392.
Liszt (Aprs une lecture de
Dante), (. , . 1-4)
(. 4-7 et seq.), ,
.
18
19
Rothfarb 1988:113.
[-T], [-],
[S-].20
,
(superius), 18 .21
, [S] [A]
, ,
( ).
7) [S-A], (J.S. Bach: Christum wir sollen loben schon).
,
.
,
,
20
Bach [-] (
), , a
cappella, (Lovelock 1970:41).
obbligato ( ),
(Morris 1974:135, Boyd 2005:25). ,
, , , .
- -
, .
21
. Schweitzer Newman 1966:31.
, De la Motte.22
,
(),
:
10) , .23
.
,
,
J.S. Bach:
11) J. S. Bach: Das Wohltemperierte Klavier (Fuga VI)
,
,
( 8 ,
, 12,
, ..),
.24 ,
Haydn, ,
( 3 3, ..),
22
,
, !
12) Joseph Haydn:
, ,
,
.25 , ,
Haydn .
) : ,
, ,
tempi . ,
.
, Kirnberger ((1721-83),
,26
7
(. transferred resolution).27
13) Kirnberger, Grundstze des Generalbasses
25
Benjamin 1986:116.
, . ,
.
27
. Forte 1982:61-2. ,
C.P.E Bach , . divided accompaniment, 1980:209, 246, 310-11.
26
10
Kirnberger , ,
1 ,
.
. ,
-
trio sonata-
(voci pari) .28 ,
Archangelo Corelli ,
Kirnberger .29
14) Archangelo Corelli: Sonata da chiesa, Op.3 (1689)
[ , ,
: ,
.
].
, ,
,
7 . ,
,
.30
15) Schumann: Bunte Bltter, Op. 99 []
28
Piston (1979:81,135-6), ,
(. , , ..), ,
.
29
,
op.6/8 Corelli (. Vivace-Grave)
Stabat Mater Pergolesi.
30
Brings-Burkhart-Kamien-Kraft-Pershing 1979:18.
11
) :
,
(Regola dell ottava). O ,
,
,
,
( 6,
).31
, , ,
,32
, ,
:
16) Bach Kellner: Regola di octava 33
,
: ( ,
5 8), ,
, voiceleading (. Stimmfhrung).34 Jeppesen,
Palestrina,
5 , .
17) Palestrina: In te Domine speravi ()
31
Ledbetter 1990:10-11.
C.P.E Bach Mitchell 1980:211.
33
Mann 1987:11.
34
Salzer/Schachter (1989:266),
,
. ,
,
,
.
32
12
,
,
.35 ,
(. 18), (. 17), !
18) Palestrina: In te Domine speravi ( )
Jeppesen Arnold.36 K
Dialogo Musicale
Adriano Banchieri,
,
(progression) []
(succession) .
,
.37
,
, ,
,
.
19) Adriano Banchieri: Dialogo Musicale (1611)
35
Jepessen 1939:99.
Arnold 1965:85
37
Mann, 1987:3.
36
13
Banchieri, ,
,
, . 38
20) Johann Philipp Kirnberger: Grundstze des Generalbasses (c. 1781)
, Kirnberger,39 (.
.20, ). Kirnberger ,
,
( ) .
,
,
. ,
,
(. . 13, 15).
, Kirnberger
- ,
5 8
, : )
(
) , )
, )
.
,
.40
,41
. J.S. Bach ,
,
basse
fondamentale ,
38
Arnold, 1965:85.
Arnold 1965:395.
40
Schoenberg (1963:11),
,
,
.
41
. Schoenberg 1963:66.
39
14
!42
21) J. S. Bach: Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott
, Tappert
, , [. ]
(Klavieren)
, - -
. ,
,44
.
Bach
, 5 8 (5 [-]
8 [-S]), Victoria,
. ,
,
( ), .
43
42
Dahlhaus Kurth
(1990:68-70)-
,
. , ,
Gestalt Bach ,
,
, .
43
Tappert, Das Verbot der Quinten-Parallelen: Eine monographische Studie (Leipzig: Heinrich
Matthes, 1869), . Notley 2007:115-6.
44
. Burns 1995:12-16.
45
Notley 2007:141-42. Brahms ,
(. Octaven u. Quinten, Music Forum V, Paul Mast, 1980:1196, .120), !
15
Heinichen (1683-1729),
,46 8 ,47
:
23) Johann David Heinichen: Der General-Bass in der Composition
Heinichen,
, (
,
).48
24) [-].
!
Heinechen
,
.49 Marpurg (1718-1795) -
C.P.E. Bach-
. :
1.
2.
3.
4.
( ).
.
.
.
46
, [-]. . .
Arnold 1965:392.
47
(.. [-]),
,
. . Dubois 1901:14.
48
Arnold 1965:393.
49
, Heinechen,
, .
16
,
Heinechen, 2 4 Marpurg,
.50 ,
Marpurg ,
, 8
[S-] , 1
,
(Vollgriffigkeit).51
25) Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg: Handbuch bey dem Generalbasse (1755-62).
Mozart,
5
+6 V ,
.
5 ,
( )
,
.52
26) 5 .
, , 5
7 +6 ,
(.113-4),
50
17
(.115-6)
7
.53
27) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: K, 173 ( ).
) :
,
,
, , .
, ,
,
,
1960.54
28) Protin: Viderunt Omnes (ca. 1199).
[ (formulae)
,
].
Viderunt Omnes (. 28),
53
54
Kostka 2004:378.
Mertens 1988:114.
18
13 , Protin (ca.
1170-ca. 1236).55 (Stimmtausch)
,
, ,
.56
,
, ,
(unison canons).57 ,
,
, .58
29) Serge Rachmaninoff: .2 , Op. 27 ().
,
,
,
,
55
Dufourcq 1947:34.
H Protin, ,
. , Judith Weir,
Sederunt Principes (ca. 1199), ,
(. . J & W Chester, 1988).
57
.
(
, . 3 - 3 , 3 , ..),
Desert Music (1984) Four Sections (1987), Steve Reich. ,
,
, Michael Torke (Ecstatic Orange, Four Proverbs, Music on the floor, .).
58
Piston 1979:200-201.
56
19
: Protin
gamelan.59
30) Steve Reich: Violin Phase (1967).
, ,
,
Gyrgy Ligeti. Lux Aeterna, a cappella,
,
talea : (talea)
(color),
,
.
31) .
59
gamelan (.
Sorrell 1990:10), 20 21 ,
(Debussy, Britten, Messiaen, Cowell, Cage, Harrisson, Adams, Crumb, .).
20
Ligeti,
,
.60 ,
, ,
.
)
,
,
, . ,
,
,
.
,
.
, (. . 33),
, ,
(saturation)
,
60
21
33) J. S. Bach: , ( )
[ [] []
(. ).
, ].
Boulez.61 ,
,
, .62
Anton Webern (1883-1945) (Ricercata)
Bach, ,
,
.
Bach,
.63 O Webern
.
,
. - -
. ,
-
61
22
- -,
,
, , .64
,
,
.
,
,
, ,
.65
Tchaikovsky,
:
, ,
.66
34) Tchaikovsky: ().
64
23
( ), ,
, ,
.
35) Richard Strauss: p. 40.
(Tchaikovsky) (Strauss),
,
.
, ,
, .
, , 2:1 (
).
24
36) .
,
(. 36 37, ).67
37) .
,
, Johann Strauss .
: )
(. 10-11, 15), )
(. 1-8, 12-14, 16) , )
(. 18-21). (. 22-24),
, ,
- .
67
Palmer, 1973:60.
25
26
,
(Stimmtausch) ,
. ,
(
),
Elgar
.
39) Edward Elgar: , p. 36 (.10: Dorabella).
,
Adagietto, 5 Gustav Mahler. H
40) Gustav Mahler: 5 , Adagietto (III).
27
,
(. ,
2-3 4-5),
. ,
, ,
.68
, Richard Strauss
,
: 1 3 (. 2) 2 4 (
). .
41) Richard Strauss: Op. 20 ( ).
, Strauss, 1 2 (
4 )
, .69
:
,
.70 ,
,
,
.
42) .
68
O , , Gunther Schuller,
(Horn Technique, 1992:80-81),
tutti ff,
,
.
69
. 1 - 3 2 - 4
.
70
Jacob 1962:63.
28
[ ,
(.8)
2 .11-12.]
,
,
. ,
, .
Korsakov (. 43),
( 2 .
8-11 12
2 71).
.8,
1 .10, 2
1 , .12.
tutti Richard Strauss
Berlioz. Strauss :
,
. ,
,
,
,
.72
Strauss
Tannhuser Wagner,
.
,
.
71
72
Matthews 2006:105.
Berlioz Strauss 1991:213.
29
,
1
Dimitri Shostakovich: -
(
, ) ,
.
,
, .
30
31
:
-
-
,
. ars nova ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
20 ,
. , Boulez
Webern, ,
.73
,
. ,
:
.
N , 08-x-07
73
32
1) APEL, Willi DAVISON, Archibald: Historical Anthology of Music, Vol. 1,
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982.
2) ARNOLD, F.T.: The Art of Accompaniment from a Thorough-Bass, Vols. I-II,
Dover Publications, Inc., 1965.
3) BACH, C.P.E: Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments,
Translated and edited by William J. Mitchhell, Ernst Eulenburg Ltd., London,
1980.
4) BENJAMIN, Thomas: Counterpoint in the Style of J. S. Bach, Schirmer
Books, New York, 1986.
5) RLIOZ STRAUSS: Treatise on Instrumentation, Dover Publications,
Inc., New York, 1991.
6) BLACKBURN, Bonnie J.: On Compositional Process in the Fifteenth
Century, Journal of the American Musicological Society, Vol. 40, No. 2
(Summer, 1987), pp. 210 -284.
7) BOULEZ, Pierre: Darmstadt: (1963),
1, : . , ,
, 1989.
8) BOYD, Malcolm: Bach Chorale Harmonization and Instrumental
Counterpoint, Kahn & Averill, London, 2005.
9) BRINDLE, Reginald Smith: Musical Composition, Oxford University Press,
1986.
10) BRINGS, Allen - BURKHART, Charles - KAMIEN, Roger - KRAFT, Leo PERSHING, Drora: A New Approach to Keyboard Harmony, W.W. Norton &
Company, New York, 1979.
11) BUKOFZER, Manfred: The Gymel, the Earliest Form of English Polyphony,
Music & Letters, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Apr., 1935), pp. 77-84, Published by: Oxford
University Press.
12) BURNS, Lori - Anne: Bachs modal chorales, Harmonologia series,
Pendragon Press, 1995.
13) BUSH, Helen, E: The Recognition of Chordal Formation by Early Music
Theorists, The Musical Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Apr., 1946), pp. 227-243,
Oxford University Press.
14) CARSE, Adam: The History of Orchestration, Dover Publications, Inc., New
York, 1964.
15) , : , :
, : ,
, 2005.
16) DAHLHAUS, Carl: Studies on the Origin of Harmonic Tonality, Translated
by Robert o. Gjerdingen, Princeton University Press, 1990.
17) DAHLHAUS, Carl: Harmony, 8 , The New Grove
Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie, Macmillan
Publishers Limited, 1980.
18) DALGLISH, William E.: The Hocket in Medieval Polyphony, The Musical
Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Jul., 1969), pp. 344-363.
19) DE LA MOTTE, Diether: ,
, , , 1998.
33
20) DEL MAR, Norman: Anatomy of the Orchestra, Faber & Faber, London 1983.
21) DOBSON, E.J. & HARRISON, F.Ll., Medieval English Songs, Faber &
Faber, 1979.
22) DUBOIS, Thodore: Trait dharmonie, Heugel & Cie, Paris.
23) DUFOURCQ, Norbert: ,
: , . Melody, , 1947.
24) , :
, , , 2004.
25) FORTE, Allen: Introduction to Schenkerian Analysis, W.W. Norton &
Company, New York, 1982.
26) GROUT, Donald, PALISCA, Claude: A History of Western Music, W.W.
Norton & Company, New York, 1988.
27) HOPPIN, Richard: Medieval Music, W.W. Norton & Company, New York,
1978.
28) HURON, David: The Avoidance of Part-Crossing in Polyphonic Music:
Perceptual Evidence and Musical Practice, Music Perception, Fall 1991,
Vol.9, No.1, pp. 93-104.
29) JACOB, Gordon: The Elements of Orchestration, Herbert Jenkins, London,
1962.
30) JARVLEPP, Jan: Pitch and Texture Analysis of Ligetis Lux Aeterna, Ex
Tempore, (pp. 16-32), Vol. 2, Issue 1, January 1982.
31) JEPPESEN, Knud: Counterpoint: The Polyphonic Vocal Style of the Sixteenth
Century, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1939.
32) KOSTKA, Stefan PAYNE, Dorothy: Tonal Harmony, 5th edition, McGrawHill, New York, 2004.
33) LAUDON, Robert: The debate about consecutive fifths: A context for
Brahmss manuscript Oktaven und Quinten, Music & Letters, Vol. LXXIII,
1992, pp. 48-61.
34) LEDBETTER, David: Continuo playing according to Handel, Clarendon
Press, Oxford, 1990.
35) LESTER, Joel: Compositional Theory in the Eighteenth Century, Harvard
University Press, 1994.
36) LOVELOCK, William: The Harmonization of Bachs Chorales, Allans Music,
Australia, 1970.
37) LOVELOCK, William: 1st, 2nd and 3rd Year Harmony, William Elkin Music
Services, Norwich, 1972.
38) MANN, Alfred: Theory and Practice, W.W. Norton & Company, New York,
1987.
39) MARR, Peter: The Melody of 'Sumer Is icumen in', The Musical Times, Vol.
108, No. 1498 (Dec., 1967), pp. 1104-1106, Musical Times Publications Ltd.
40) MATHEWS, Paul: Orchestration, An Anthology of Writings, Routledge,
2006.
41) MERTENS, Wim: American Minimal Music, Kahn & Averill, 1988.
42) MORRIS, R. O: The Oxford Harmony, Vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 1974.
43) NOTLEY, Margaret: Lateness and Brahms: Music and Culture in the Twilight
of Viennese Liberalism, Oxford University Press, 2007.
44) , :
. , 1992.
45) PALMER, King: Orchestration, The English Universities Press, 1964.
46) PISTON, Walter: Counterpoint, Victor Gollancz, London, 1979.
34
35