ng truyn

ng truyn
Bi:
Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
Kh i n i m
Trn mt mng my tnh, cc d liu c truyn trn mt mi trng truyn dn
(transmission media), n l phng tin vt l cho php truyn ti tn hiu gia cc
thit b. C hai loi phng tin truyn dn ch yu:
- Hu tuyn (bounded media)
- V tuyn (boundless media)
Thng thng h thng mng s dng hai loi tn hiu l: digital v analog
Bng thng ca ng truyn
Bng thng (bandwidth): c xc nh bng tng lng thng tin c th truyn dn
trn ng truyn ti mt thi im. Bng thng l mt s xc nh, b gii hn bi
phng tin truyn dn, k thut truyn dn v thit b mng c s dng. Bng thng
l mt trong nhng thng s dng phn tch hiu qu ca ng mng. n v ca
bng thng:
Bps (Bits per second-s bit trong mt giy): y l n v c bn ca bng
thng.
KBps (Kilobits per second): 1 KBps=103 bps=1000 Bps
MBps (Megabits per second): 1 MBps = 103 KBps
GBps (Gigabits per second): 1 GBps = 103 MBps
TBps (Terabits persecond): 1 TBps = 103 GBPS.
Thng lng (Throughput): lng thng tin thc s c truyn dn trn thit b ti
mt thi im.
Cc yu t nh hng n ng truyn

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Trong mi mi trng truyn dn th kh nng truyn ti tn hiu s b nh hng bi

nhiu yu t, nhng yu t gi chung l nhiu. C th k n mt s loi nhiu c bn
nh:
Nhiu in t (Electromagneticinterference-EMI): bao gm cc nhiu in t
bn ngoi lm bin dng tn hiu trong mt phng tin truyn dn.
Nhiu xuyn knh (crosstalk): hai dy dn t k nhau lm nhiu ln nhau.

Hnh 4.1 M phng trng hp nhiu xuyn knh (crosstalk)

Mi trng thi tit cng nh hng kh ln n s truyn dn ca mng
khng dy, b mt ca ng dn si quang cng cc khp ni cng nh hng
n truyn dn quang hc.
Cc loi kt ni Mng ph bin
Mng in thoi cng cng:
im ct yu trong vic kt ni mng WAN l hng n cc dch v bn mun s
dng cc im lin lc. Chng hn nu bn mun lin lc gia H Ni v Moscow,
chng ta s ch nh cc dch v nh nhau gia cc im truy cp. Mng in thoi cng
cng p ng mt cch rng khp cho dch v kt ni mng din rng.
Mng in thoi cng cng thng c hai loi dch v chung:
Cung cp dch v thu bao: khch hng c quyn truy cp ring.
Dch v gi: khch hng tr tin cho mi ln s dng.
ng dy k thut s b sung khng i xng ADSL
Mt kiu kt ni bng tn ca mng din rng c cc cng ty in thoi pht
trin t nhng nm 1997. ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, bng cch dng
modem ADSL ring ngi s dng c th nhn d liu vi tc trn 8 Mbps v gi
d liu vi tc l 640 Kbps, iu ny c thc hin thng qua vic s dng a hp
chia tn (FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing).
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Hnh 1.13 B phn tng

Mi tn hiu tng t c th iu hp bng mt tn s ring (gi l tn s mang)
khin n phc hi li tn hiu trong qui trnh phn a knh. u tip nhn, b a hp
s chn ra tn hiu ti i v dng n rt tn hiu d liu cho knh . FDM h tr c 2
hng trn cng mt si cp, mt tn s c th xut pht t c hai u trn phng tin
truyn thng ngay tc khc.
ng thu bao Leased Line
L mch truyn thng c thit lp thng trc cho mt t chc bi cc nh cung cp
dch v (FPT, VDC,). Nh cung cp m bo mt bng thng rng theo hp ng
k kt qua h thng chuyn mch v ng dy trung k (trunk line), ng thu bao
Leased line c coi nh mt mch chuyn dng ring, t tc d liu cao th
ng dy phi c bo m..
Cc t chc s dng ng thu bao lin kt mng ca mnh vi cc mng trung
tm khc xa hoc vi mng din rng internet. Chi ph ca ng thu bao ph thuc
vo dung lng ca ng truyn, khong cch gi ni kt ni v nh cung cp. Bn
cn phi ci t mt "Chanel Service Unit" (CSU) ni n mng T, v mt "Digital
Service Unit" (DSU) ni n mng ch (primary) hoc giao din mng.
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Nework ).
S dng ng in thoi s thay v ng tng t. Do ISDN l mng dng tn hiu s,
bn khng phi dng mt modem ni vi ng dy m thay vo bn phi dng
mt thit b gi l "codec" vi modem c kh nng chy 14.4 kbit/s. ISDN thch hp
cho c hai trng hp c nhn v t chc. Cc t chc c th quan tm hn n ISDN
c kh nng cao hn ("primary" ISDN) vi tc tng cng bng tc 1.544 Mbit/s
ca ng T1. Cc ph khi s dng ISDN c tnh theo thi gian, mt s trng hp
tnh theo lng d liu c truyn i v mt s th tnh theo c hai.
CATV link.
Cng ty dn cp trong khu vc ca bn c th cho bn thu mt "ch" trn ng cp
ca h vi gi hp dn hn vi ng in thoi. Cn phi bit nhng thit b g cn cho

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h thng ca mnh v rng ca di m bn s c cung cp l bao nhiu. Cng nh

vic ng gp chi ph vi nhng khch hng khc cho knh lin lc l nh th no.
Mt dng k l hn c a ra vi tn gi l mng "lai" ("hybrid" Network), vi mt
knh CATV c s dng lu thng theo mt hng v mt ng ISDN hoc gi
s s dng cho ng tr li. Nu mun cung cp thng tin trn Internet, bn phi xc
nh chc chn rng "knh ngc" ca bn kh nng phc v cho nhu cu thng tin
ca khch hng ca bn.
Frame relay.
Frame relay "uyn chuyn" hn ng thu bao. Khch hng thu ng Frame relay c
th mua mt dch v c mc xc nh - mt "tc thng tin u thc" ("Committed
Information Rale" - CIR). Nu nh nhu cu ca bn trn mng l rt "bt pht" (burty),
hay ngi s dng ca bn c nhu cu cao trn ng lin lc trong sut mt khong
thi gian xc nh trong ngy, v c t hoc khng c nhu cu vo ban m - Frame
relay c th s kinh t hn l thu hon ton mt ng T1 (hoc T3). Nh cung cp
dch v ca bn c th a ra mt phng php tng t nh l phng php thay th
l Switched Multimegabit Data Service.
Ch truyn khng ng b (Asynchoronous Trangfer Mode - ATM).
ATM l mt phng php tng i mi u tin bo hiu cng mt k thut cho mng
cc b v lin khu vc. ATM thch hp cho real-time multimedia song song vi truyn
d liu truyn thng. ATM ha hn s tr thnh mt phn ln ca mng tng lai.
Mt s mng v tuyn c s dng:
ng vi sng (Microware links).
Nu cn kt ni vnh vin n nh cung cp dch v nhng li thy rng ng thu bao
hay nhng la chn khc l qu t, bn s thy microware nh l mt la chn thch
hp. Bn khng cn tr qu t cho cch ny ca microware, tuy nhin bn cn phi u
t nhiu tin hn vo lc u, v bn s gp mt s ri ro nh tc truyn n mng
ca bn qu nhanh.
ng v tinh (satellite links).
Nu bn mun c chuyn mt lng ln d liu c bit l t nhng a im t xa
th ng v tinh l cu tr li. Tm hot ng ca nhng v tinh cng v tr a l vi
tri t cng to ra mt s chm tr (hoc "b che du") m nhng ngi s dng Telnet
c th cm nhn c.

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