Cc h thng anten trong thng tin di ng, Anten Wifi

Khi thit b Wi-Fi ngy cng "trn ngp" th trng, lm th no chn

c thit b p ng nhu cu ca bn: tc nhanh, tnh nng phong ph v hu ch, vng ph sng rng... la chn mt thit b mng Wi-Fi (access point, router...) "va " ngoi yu t thng hiu, cc tnh nng cn thit v chun Wi-Fi ph hp, bn cn phi quan tm thm n cc thng s k thut ca anten. Mt anten c cc thng s ph hp s mang n cho bn mt khng gian lm vic "rng ri" hn. Bn nn tham kho k nhng thng s sau trong ti liu i km sn phm khi chn anten. li (gain) li l mt thut ng m t s tng bin ca tn hiu v tuyn, n v o l decibel (dB) hay dBi ch li ca anten ng hng (isotropic) v dBd ch li ca anten dipole na bc sng (half-wave dipole). Mt dB bng log10 ca cng sut u ra chia cho cng sut u vo. V d, cng sut u vo l 30mW v cng sut u ra l 60mW th li tnh c l 3dB. Theo cng thc ny, c tng 3dB th cng sut tnh theo mW s tng gp i. Chng hn, AP c cng sut 50mw v s dng anten 3dB (loi Rubber Duck) th cng sut pht thc s ca AP l 50*2 (3dB bng gp i cng sut) = 100mw. Anten c li cng cao th khong cch sng di cng xa. Vic tp trung cng sut pht ca chng cht ch hn lm cho nhiu nng lng c truyn n ch hn, khong cch xa hn. Cch tnh gia dB v Watt: 0db = 1mW C tng 3dB th cng sut tnh theo mW s c tng gp i: 3dB = 2mW 6dB = 4mW ... 30dB = 1000mW = 1W Cc loi anten v hng nh rubber hay omni c li t 2-12dBi do chng phi pht 360 theo chiu ngang (anten ng hng li cng cao th kch thc cng ln v phn cc dc cng nh). Cc loi anten nh hng nh flat, sector thng thng c li t 8-20dBi, gc pht theo chiu ngang khong 10 - 120 (anten nh hng c li cng cao, kch thc cng ln v bp sng cng nh). Ln hn na l cc loi anten cho (Grid anten) c li ln, c khi ln n 30dBi hoc cao hn. S phn cc (polarization) S phn cc ca sng l hnh nh li bi u mt ca vect trng khi c quan st dc theo chiu truyn sng. S phn cc ca anten c th c phn loi nh tuyn tnh, trn hay ellip. Sng v tuyn thc cht c to bi 2 trng: in trng v t trng. Hai trng ny nm trn 2 mt phng vung gc vi nhau. Tng ca 2 trng c gi l trng in t. Mt phng song song vi thnh phn anten c gi l E-plane, mt phng vung gc vi thnh phn anten c gi l H-plane. Chng ta ch quan tm ch yu n in trng v v tr v hng ca n trong mi tng quan n b mt tri t s quyt nh s phn cc ca sng. S phn cc l hung vt l ca anten theo phng

ngang (horizotal) hay dc (vertical). in trng l song song vi thnh phn bc x ca anten v th nu anten nm dc th cc ca anten l dc hay cn gi l phn cc dc (in trng vung gc vi mt t). Phn cc dc thng c s dng trong mng Wi-Fi (WLAN) l vung gc vi mt phng ca tri t. Phn cc ngang l song song vi mt t. Bp sng (beamwidth) Vic lm hp hay tp trung cc bp sng ca anten s lm tng li ca anten. Bp sng l rng ca tia tn hiu RF m anten pht ra. Bp sng dc c o theo v vung gc vi mt t, cn bp sng ngang cng c o theo v song song vi mt t. ng vi mi kiu anten khc nhau s c bp sng khc nhau. Vic chn la anten c bp sng rng hay hp thch hp l vic lm quan trng t c hnh dng vng ph sng mong mun. Bp sng cng hp th li cng cao. Tr khng (Impedance)

S bc x hiu dng ca mt anten l t s ca tng cng sut pht ra bi anten so vi cng sut t trm pht (ni vi anten) c chp nhn bi anten. Anten bc x mt s cng sut dng nng lng in t. Tt c cc thit b RF, ng truyn (cp), anten u c tr khng, chnh l t s gia in p v dng in. Khi anten c kt ni vi mt on cp, nu tr khng u vo ca anten trng khp vi tr khng ca radio v ng truyn th tng cng sut c truyn t radio n anten l ti a. Tuy nhin, nu tr khng khng ging nhau th mt s nng lng s b phn x ngc tr li ngun v s cn li s c truyn i n anten. T s sng ng in p (VSWR) VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) xut hin khi tr khng khng tng thch gia cc thit b trong h thng RF. VSWR c gy ra bi mt b tn hiu RF b phn x ti im tr khng khng tng thch trn ng truyn tn hiu. Nu nh khng c phn x th VSWR s bng mt. Khi VSWR tng ln th s phn x s cng nhiu. Nu VSWR cao v cng sut cao th c th gy ra tnh hung nguy him nh khi ta s dng in p cao trong ng truyn, trong trng hp ti t nht, n c th bn ra tia la in. Tuy nhin, tnh hung ny s khng xy ra nu bn s dng cng sut thp khi trin khai mng WLAN. Phng thc thay i VSWR bao gm vic s dng thit b thch hp, kt ni chc chn gia cp v u ni, s dng tr khng tng thch gia cc thit b phn cng v s dng cc thit b cht lng cao l cc phng thc tt chng li VSWR. T s ny thng l 1,5:1 Ngoi cc thng s trn, bn nn quan tm n chun Wi-Fi m thit b s dng chn anten ph hp. Nh chng ta bit, mng khng dy hin nay hot ng trn 2 tn s: 2,4 GHz (802.11b/g, 802.11n draft) v 5 GHz (802.11a, 802.11n draft) hot ng mi trng trong nh (indoor) hoc ngoi tri (outdoor). Do , la chn mt anten lm vic hiu qu, bn phi chn tn s anten ng vi tn s ca thit b thu/pht sng Wi-Fi. Ngoi ra, bn cn phi quan tm thm n chun u ni ca anten. Hin nay c cc chun u ni thng dng: N-Female, N-Male, RP-SMA, RP-TNC... Cc loi anten v th bc x Anten s dng trong cc thit b Wi-Fi c thit k theo 2 dng: Loi lp c nh hoc ri. Loi anten c nh thng thy nht l card mng tch hp trn cc MTXT hay AP s dng anten c nh. Vi nhng thit b c anten c nh ny, bn khng c la chn no tt hn l dng anten ca hng cung cp. i vi cc thit b s dng anten ri th vic thay th bng mt anten khc

 t c vng ph sng nh mong mun kh d dng. Vic thay anten ph hp gip tng vng ph sng v tc , gim s lng AP v chi ph lp t... Anten c 2 loi chnh c s dng trong WLAN: ng hng hay v hng (Omni-directional) v nh hng hay c hng (Directional). Anten ng hng truyn tn hiu RF theo tt c cc hng theo trc ngang (song song mt t) nhng b gii hn trc dc (vung gc vi mt t). Anten ny thng c dng trong cc thit b tch hp Wi-Fi thng dng hin nay: ADSL, Broadband router, access point. Anten ng hng c li trong khong 6dB, thng c dng trong cc ta nh cao tng. Anten ng hng cung cp vng ph sng rng nht, to nn vng ph sng hnh trn chng chp ca nhiu AP bao trm c mt ta nh. Hu ht cc AP u s dng anten ng hng c li thp. Vic s dng anten c li cao hn s tng vng ph sng, do c th gim s lng AP tit kim chi ph. Loi anten ny thng s dng trong m hnh im-im hay im-a im hay c th dng lp trn xe. Anten nh hng s l anten chnh pht tn hiu n my tnh hay cc thit b Wi-Fi khc, chng hn my in khng dy, PDA... Khi s dng ngoi tri, nn t antenna omnidirectional gia nh ca ta nh. V d, trong khun vin ca mt trng i hc th anten c th c t trung tm ca trng c vng bao ph ln nht. Khi s dng trong nh, antenna nn c t gia nh ( trn nh) hay gia vng bao ph mong mun c vng bao ph ti u. Loi anten ny c vng bao ph theo dng hnh trn nn kh thch hp cho mi trng nh nh kho, trung tm trin lm... Cc loi anten ng hng: Rubber Duck, Omni-directional, Celing Dome, Small Desktop, Mobile Vertical, Ceiling Dome... Anten Rubber Ducky (hay Rubber Duck hay Rubber Duckie) c sinh vin Richard B. Johnson ch to vo nm 1958. Hin nay, anten ny thng c s dng ph bin trn cc im truy cp (access point) hay cc b nh tuyn (router) do c cu to n gin, h tr phn cc ng hng (phn cc ngang gc 360 ).

Anten Omni-directional

Antenna omni-directional c li cao th vng ph sng theo chiu ngang ln v vng ph sng theo chiu dc nh. c im ny c th c xem nh l mt yu t quan trng khi lp t mt anten c li cao trong nh (trn trn nh). Nu nh trn nh qu cao th vng bao ph c th khng th ph n nn nh, ni m ngi dng thng hay lm vic. Anten nh hng Anten nh hng (directional) c hng pht sng rt hp, thit b thu sng cn nm chnh xc trong phm vi pht sng hp ny ca anten nh hng mi c th thu c sng pht t anten. th bc x tng t nh nh sng ca n pin, tc khi chng ta chiu sng gn th chm sng s rng cn khi chiu sng vt xa th chm sng rt nh, nh l mt tia sng. li anten cng cao th bp sng cng hp, gii hn khu vc ph sng ca anten. Anten nh hng c li ln hn anten ng hng, t 12dBi hoc cao hn. Vic thay i li chnh l to ra cc anten khc nhau, mc ch l to ra cc bp sng vi gc pht khc nhau, gc pht theo chiu dc (vertical beamwidth) hay chiu ngang (horizontal beamwidth) cng nh th bp sng cng hi t v c ly pht s xa. ... Cc loi anten nh hng ny thng c gc pht theo chiu ngang khong 10 - 120 nn c li ln hn nh 18dBi, 21dBi... Anten nh hng c nhiu kiu dng v kch thc khc nhau, in hnh c cc loi anten: Yagi, Patch, Backfire, Dish... Cc loi anten nh hng ny rt l tng cho khong cch xa, kt ni khng dy im-im. Anten Yagi Anten Yagi l loi anten nh hng rt ph bin bi v chng d ch to. Cc anten nh hng nh Yagi thng s dng trong nhng khu vc kh ph sng hay nhng ni cn vng bao ph ln hn vng bao ph ca anten omni-directional.

Anten Yagi hay cn gi l anten Yagi-Uda (do 2 ngi Nht l Hidetsugu Yagi v Shintaro Uda ch to vo nm 1926) c bit n nh l mt anten nh hng cao c s dng trong truyn thng khng dy. Loi anten ny thng c s dng cho m hnh im- im v i khi cng dng trong m hnh im-a im. Anten Yagi-Uda c xy dng bng cch hnh thnh mt chui tuyn tnh cc anten dipole song song nhau (xem hnh). Anten Patch Anten Patch c hnh thnh bng cch t 2 vt dn song song nhau v mt ming m gia chng. Vt dn pha trn l mt ming ni v c th c in trn bng mch in. Anten Patch thng rt hu ch bi v chng c hnh dng mng.

Cc h thng anten trong thng tin di ng

Bi bo ny s gi ti c gi nhng kin thc c bn v cc h thng Anten v ang c nghin cu p dng trong cc h thng thng tin di ng, bao gm cc loi cc an ten truyn thng p dng trong cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th nht cho n nhng h thng an ten thng minh ang c nghin cu cho cc h thng 3G. ThS. Nguyn Trng ng Trong thi i bng n ca cng ngh thng tin hin nay, yu cu i vi cc dch v thng tin di ng lin tc tng ln nhanh chng c v cht lng dch v ln dung lng h thng. iu ny bt buc cc nh cung cp dch v phi tm kim cc cng ngh mi nhm s dng mt cch hiu qu nht ph tn ca h v nng cao dung lng h thng cng nh cht lng dch v. Mt trong nhng gii php hiu qu nht cho vn ny l ci tin cng ngh ch to an ten cho h thng. Bi bo ny s gi ti c gi nhng kin thc c bn v cc h thng Anten v ang c nghin cu p dng trong cc h thng thng tin di ng, bao gm cc loi cc an ten truyn thng p dng trong cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th nht cho n nhng h thng an ten thng minh ang c nghin cu cho cc h thng 3G. Tng quan v Anten v cc h thng Anten truyn thng C nhiu loi an ten c nghin cu p dng trong sut qu trnh pht trin ca cc th h thng tin di ng, trc khi tm hiu v cc h thng an ten phc tp, chng ta hy cng im qua hai loi an ten c bn c dng kh ph bin, l an ten ng hng (omnidirectional antenna) v an ten nh hng (directional antenna).

Hnh 1. Anten ng hng v c tuyn ph sng An ten ng hng l loi an ten n gin dng pht v thu sng ng u i vi tt c cc hng (Hnh 1). Loi an ten ny thch hp cho vic tm kim mt my in thoi di ng (mobile station - MS) khi khng bit chnh xc my ny nm v tr no, tuy nhin n lm phn tn nng lng v cng tn hiu n c MS ch bng mt phn nh ca tng nng lng tn hiu pht ra. khc phc nhc im ny ngi ta phi nng cng sut pht, nhng iu ny li lm tng s xuyn ln gia cc knh (cn gi l xuyn nhiu). Ni chung an ten ng hng c nhiu hn ch v tng ch, hiu nng s dng ph tn v kh nng ti s dng cc knh tn s. An ten nh hng cng l loi an ten n gin, nhng khc vi an ten ng hng n c thit k pht v thu tn hiu tp trung v mt hng nht nh (Hnh 2). Trong cc h thng thng tin di ng, c tuyn ph sng ca an ten nh hng thng hnh qut vi gc m l 1200. So vi anten ng hng, an ten nh hng c tng ch v hiu nng tn hiu cao hn nh s tp trung tn hiu. Tuy nhin n vn khng th khc phc c mt nhc im ln ca an ten ng hng, l vn xuyn ln gia cc knh.

Hnh 2. Anten nh hng v c tuyn ph sng khc phc nhc im ca cc loi an ten n gin nu trn ngi ta c gng kt hp nhiu an ten vi nhau to thnh mt h thng an ten. Cc an ten trong cng h thng phi lm vic ng b vi nhau nhm nng cao tng ch cng nh m rng vng ph sng. Phn tip sau y s tm lc cc h thng an ten c nghin cu pht trin cho cc h thng thng tin di ng. H thng an ten hnh qut kt hp cc an ten nh hng t trm gc (base station-BS) chia cc (cell) truyn thng thnh tng phn hnh qut (sector). Mt cell thng c chia thnh 3 hoc 6 sector, cc sector hot ng nh cc cell c lp. H thng an ten hnh qut cho php tng kh nng ti s dng cc knh tn s v gim bt xuyn nhiu trong cc h thng thng tin di ng (Hnh 3).

Hnh 3. H thng anten hnh qut v c tuyn ph sng H thng an ten phn tn (diversity systems) H thng an ten phn tn kt hp cc an ten t cc v tr khc nhau trm gc nhm hn ch hiu ng a ng (fading). n gin y ta ch xt h thng an ten phn tn gm hai an ten. H thng ny ci thin ln ca tn hiu thu c bng cch s dng mt trong hai phng php sau:

Hnh 4. S ci thin hiu ng faing ca anten phn tn chuyn mch An ten phn tn chuyn mch- S dng b chuyn mch t ng chn kt ni knh tn hiu vi an ten no v tr thu c tn hiu tt nht. H thng ny c kh nng ci thin c hiu ng fading (Hnh 4), tuy nhin n khng th nng cao tng ch do ti mi thi im ch c mt an ten lm vic. An ten phn tn phi hp - Thc hin vic nhn tn hiu t c hai an ten, sa s lch pha nhm phi hp hai tn hiu a ra tn hiu tt nht. H thng ny khng nhng ci thin c hin tng fading m cn tng c tng ch ca an ten (Hnh 5).

Hnh 5. S ci thin tng ch ca anten phn tn phi hp Bi v cng tn hiu pht ra ca trm gc (hng xung) thng ln hn nhiu cng tn hiu pht ra bi mobile (hng ln) nn h thng an ten phn tn thng c dng cc trm gc ci thin tn hiu thu c t mobile. H thng an ten phn tn mc d c ci thin c hiu ng fading nhng vn cha p ng c i hi phi gim xuyn ln ga cc knh, nng cao nhy, tng kh nng ti s dng knh tn s cng nh tng dung lng ca h thng. Cc yu cu ny dn n vic i hi nghin cu pht trin cc h thng an ten thng minh hn cho cc h thng thng tin di ng th h mi. Phn tip sau s trnh by tng quan v cc loi an ten thng minh ang c nghin cu pht trin hin nay. An ten thng minh An ten thng minh l mt h thng gm mt ma trn cc an ten phi hp vi nhau bng cng ngh s nhm ti u ho vic pht v thu tn hiu. Cc an ten ny c kh nng t ng iu chnh hng c tuyn ph sng ca mnh sao cho ph hp nht vi mi trng tn hiu. An ten thng minh khng nhng lm tng cht lng tn hiu m cn lm tng dung lng h thng thng qua vic tng kh nng ti s dng knh tn s. Mt s c im v li ch ni bt ca an ten thng minh c lit k trong bng 1 sau y. Bng 1. c im v li ch ca an ten thng minh

C nhiu loi an ten thng minh v ang c nghin cu pht trin, tuy nhin bi bo ny ch cp n hai loi an ten thng minh chnh, l H thng an ten chuyn beam, gi tt l An ten chuyn beam v H thng an ten ma trn thch nghi, gi tt l An ten thch nghi. An ten chuyn bp (beam) bao gm mt s cc beam c nh c nh dng tng nhy mt hng xc nh. H thng ny o cng tn hiu chn mt beam thch hp nht ti thi im nhn tn hiu phc v v n s chuyn t beam ny sang beam khc khi my mobile di chuyn v tr trong setor. Thay v nh dng cc bp sng bng cch thay i cu trc vt l cc chn t nh kiu an ten nh hng, an ten chuyn beam kt hp u ra ca nhiu an ten mt cch c bit nhm t c s sector ho chm beam mt cch tinh vi v linh hot hn nhiu (Hnh 6).

Hnh 6. c tuyn ph sng ca anten chuyn beam An ten thch nghi l loi an ten thng minh nht cho n nay. Bng cch s dng nhiu thut ton x l tn hiu mi, n c kh nng vt tri hn hn trong vic nh v, theo di v x l cc loi tn hiu nhm gim thiu xuyn ln cng nh tng ti a cng tn hiu cn nhn (Hnh 7). Mc d c an ten chuyn beam v an ten thch nghi u c gng tng tng ch, tuy nhin ch c an ten thch nghi l c th cho mt tng ch ti u cng vi vic nh v, theo di v gim thiu xuyn ln.

Hnh 7. c tuyn ph sng ca anten thch nghi Yu t chnh lm cho cc h thng an ten thng minh tr thnh hin thc chnh l nh cng ngh k thut s. Chng ta u bit so vi tn hiu tng t th tn hiu s c truyn t u pht n u thu vi mt chnh xc cc k cao v suy gim rt nh. Tn hiu m thanh dng tng t c cc an ten thng minh thu li, iu ch chuyn sang dng tn hiu s truyn i v iu ch li thnh dng tng t u nhn. Trong h thng an ten thch nghi kh nng ny cn c h tr thm bi cc k thut x l tinh xo nhm iu khin s phi hp cc an ten mt cch rt tinh vi ph hp vi iu kin hot ng. iu ny lm cho an ten thch nghi hot ng hiu qu hn hn cc loi an ten thng minh khc. Cu trc cc h thng an ten thng minh Nguyn l lm vic ca cc an ten thng minh l t ng iu chnh nhm hng beam cc i v pha ngi dng mong mun ng thi c gng loi b cc xuyn ln v nhiu t bn ngoi bp sng chnh. ng ln c an ten chuyn beam v an ten thch nghi u o c cng cc tn hiu nhn c t ma trn an ten v thc hin cc iu chnh phc tp v bin cng nh pha cc tn hiu. iu ny cho php chng thay i c tuyn lm vic ti u ho tn hiu nhn c. S khc nhau c bn ca an ten chuyn beam v an ten thch nghi th hin vic truyn tn hiu ng xung. An ten chuyn beam da vo cng tn hiu la chn beam thch hp nhm ci thin lin lc vi ngi dng cui, ngc li, An ten thch nghi c gng tm hiu su hn mi trng cao tn (RF) v thc hin vic iu chnh lin tc c tuyn pht x ca an ten

 truyn tn hiu mt cch hiu qu hn. Sau y chng ta s tm hiu k hn v tng loi an ten thng minh ny. An ten chuyn beam V mt c tuyn bc x An ten chuyn beam chnh l s m rng ca phng php sector ho nhm chia nh cc . An ten chuyn beam chia cc macrosector thnh cc microsector nhm ci thin phm vi ph sng v dung lng. Mi microsector cha mt beam c nh vi nhy c tp trung ti a ti vng trung tm ca beam v ti thiu cc vng khc. Tu theo s beam trong an ten m rng mi beam c th l 300, 200 hoc thm ch nh hn. Thit k ny i hi cc chn t phi c tng ch cao v chm beam hp. Ti mi thi im lm vic, An ten chuyn beam chn trong s cc beam c nh mt beam c cng tn hiu ln nht cho ngi dng mong mun. Vic la chn ny c iu khin bi cc tn hiu cao tn (RF) hoc bi cc thit b phn cng v phn mm x l s. Khi mt ngi dng i vo mt macrosector, An ten chuyn beam s chn microsector c tn hiu ln nht phc v ngi dng . Trong sut cuc gi h thng s kim tra cng tn hiu v thc hin vic chuyn sang beam khc khi cn thit. An ten thch nghi Nu An ten chuyn beam da vo cng tn hiu ti mi thi im chn mt beam thch hp th An ten thch nghi li dng cc d liu mi trng v tuyn (RF) ti u ho kt ni vi ngi dng. c tuyn pht x ca An ten thch nghi c iu chnh lin tc theo s thay i ca mi trng v tuyn nhm m bo cho hot ng ca h thng l ti u. An ten thch nghi s dng k thut x l s phn bit tn hiu mong mun, tn hiu do hiu ng a ng v ngun xuyn nhiu, ng thi tnh ton xc nh hng xut pht ca cc thnh phn ny. N lin tc iu chnh c tuyn lm vic da vo s thay i v tr cng nh cng ca c tn hiu ln xuyn nhiu. S thay i lin tc nh th m bo bp sng lc no cng hng v pha tt nht, iu ny lm cho An ten thch nghi vt tri hn hn An ten chuyn beam v mt cht lng hot ng (s thay i beam trong An ten chuyn beam l khng lin tc). Hnh 8 miu t mt v d so snh dng bp sng m An ten chuyn beam v An ten thch nghi c th chn trong cng mt iu kin ging nhau.

Hnh 8. So snh dng bp sng m anten chuyn beam (tri) v anten thch nghi (phi) c th chn trong iu kin tn hiu ngi dng v xuyn nhiu ging ht nhau

Hnh 9. c tuyn ph sng ca cc loi anten trong cc mi trng khc nhau Hnh 9 trnh by v mi lin h gia vng ph sng ca An ten nh hng truyn thng, An ten chuyn beam v An ten thch nghi. C hai loi an ten thng minh u cho tng ch cao hn nhiu so vi an ten nh hng. Tuy nhin trong mi trng c s xuyn ln cao (mi trng c mt ngi dng ln v c s ti s dng tn s cao) th An ten thch nghi vt tri hn hn hai loi kia v tng ch v vng ph sng. So snh An ten chuyn beam v An ten thch nghi S tch hp - An ten chuyn beam c thit k v s dng rng ri trong thng tin di ng t ong nh l mt thit b cng ngh thng minh c thm vo ci thin kh nng hot ng ca h thng. Trong khi An ten thch nghi d c nhiu u im vt tri hn hn An ten chuyn beam nhng i hi phi c trin khai nh l mt h thng tch hp mi hon ton. Vng ph sng - Ty theo mi trng v tuyn v cc phn cng/phn mm s dng m cng ngh chuyn beam c th tng phm vi hot ng ca trm gc ln t 20 n 200% so vi cng ngh sector ho thng thng. Vic tng vng ph sng cng c ngha l gim chi ph cho nh cung cp dch v v do gim gi dch v cho khch hng. Ngoi ra cng ngh chuyn beam cng cho php ci thin dung lng ca h thng nh vic n khng gi tn hiu i tt c cc hng. An ten thch nghi c th ph sng mt vng rng hn v nng cao dung lng hn nhiu so vi An ten chuyn beam, tuy nhin n i hi cng ngh rt phc tp v do vy chi ph u t cao hn nhiu. Ngn chn xuyn ln - An ten chuyn beam c th ngn chn cc xuyn nhiu ca cc tn hiu xut pht t cc hng ngoi chm beam hot ng. Tuy nhin do c tuyn beam l c nh nn chm beam khng th tp trung chnh xc n hng xut pht ca tn hiu, iu ny lm cho t s C/I thp hn so vi An ten thch nghi. An ten chuyn beam cng thng ch c dng nhn tn hiu (hng ln) do n khng th xc nh chnh xc v tr ca my mobile, v nu dng truyn tn hiu (hng xung) th n c th lm t lin lc nu chn nhm beam. Ngoi ra, cng do c im cc beam l c nh m nhy ca An ten chuyn beam c th b thay i khi MS thay i v tr. An ten chuyn beam s lm vic tt nht trong mi trng c xuyn nhiu thp, nhng trong trng hp m ngun xuyn nhiu li nm trung tm ca chm beam c chn trong khi tn hiu mong mun li nm pha ra ca beam th cht lng tn hiu s rt xu. So vi An ten chuyn beam th An ten thch nghi nh s iu chnh lin tc chm beam nn cho php loi b xuyn nhiu v cung cp cht lng tn hiu tt hn nhiu.

Hnh 10. M hnh x l khng gian y cho php 2 ngi dng ng thi cng mt knh truyn thuc cng mt cell a truy nhp phn chia theo khng gian (SDMA) - Mt trong nhng ng dng phc tp nht ca an ten thng minh l SDMA, y l phng thc s dng k thut x l tinh xo nh v v theo di mobile, iu chnh chm bc x truyn tn hiu v pha ngi dng mong mun v trnh xa ngun xuyn nhiu. Cng ngh ny a li cc u im vt tri v kh nng loi b xuyn nhiu v tng kh nng ti s dng tn s. V bn cht cng ngh ny cho php iu chnh u tin vic cung cp cc tn s cho nhng ni c mt ngi dng cao nht. N lin tc to ra cc sector khc nhau mt cch rt linh ng cho mi ngi dng v phn b cc knh tn cho mi sector theo yu cu ti thi im . iu ny cho php nng cao kh nng ti s dng knh tn s, thm ch c th ti s dung knh tn trong cng mt cell (Hnh 10). Vic x l khng gian i hi phi tch hp vic o c v phn tch mi trng v tuyn mc cao, do vy An ten thch nghi thch hp hn An ten chuyn beam nhiu trong vic thc hin cng vic ny. Kt lun Cng ngh an ten thng minh c th ci thin mt cch ng k v hot ng cng nh tnh kinh t ca cc h thng thng tin di ng nhng ni c mt ngi s dng cao. N cho php cc nh cung cp dch v kh nng nng cao cht lng tn hiu, dung lng mng cng nh vng ph sng. Tu theo hon cnh c th m cc nh cung cp dch v thng c cc yu cu khc nhau trong vic phi hp cc li im ny ti cc thi im khc nhau. Do an ten thng minh chnh l gii php kinh t v linh hot nht cho php h nh cu hnh cng nh nng cp cho h thng khi cn. Nhu cu tng dung lng v ci thin cht lng dch v h thng l mt vn cp thit cho hu ht cc nh cung cp dch v thng tin di ng ton cu. An ten thng minh l mt trong nhng gii php kh thi nht cho vn ny. Hin ti an ten thng minh v ang c nghin cu trin khai trn hu khp th gii. Hu ht cc nh cung cp dch v di ng ln trn th gii u trin khai p dng cc phin bn khc nhau ca an ten thng minh cho cc h thng ca mnh. An ten thng minh cng ang c nghin cu p dng vo cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3. ch li ca an ten thng minh l iu khng ai c th nghi ng, tuy nhin vic nghin cu ch to cc an ten thng minh tinh xo vi gi thnh hp l l vn m cc nh nghin cu sn xut cng nh cc nh qun l h thng trn th gii ang c bit quan tm