Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Peperiksaan Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia: Biology
Peperiksaan Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia: Biology
PEPERIKSAAN
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION)
BIOLOGY
Syllabus and Specimen Papers
This syllabus applies for the 2012/2013 session and thereafter until further notice.
FOREWORD
This revised Biology syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been in use since
the 2001 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the first examination
will also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account the changes made by
the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination. Through the new
system, the form six study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sit for an examination
at the end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this new system. The main
objective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teaching and learning
orientation of form six so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in colleges and
universities.
The revision of the Biology syllabus incorporates current developments in biology studies to be more
relevant to the current global developments. Biology is a science that deals with the study of living
organisms. It is dynamic and affects every aspect of our daily lives, from food and health, to the
responsibilities towards our environment. The cumulative discoveries and developments in biology
have tremendously enhanced our understanding and perception towards both the unity and diversity of
life. With this understanding, we have become more aware of our interdependence with our rich
biodiversity and natural resources. The application of biology together with modern technologies
leads to the evolution of biotechnology. Furthermore, the assessment tools of this syllabus consist of
written papers and coursework. The written papers evaluate candidates knowledge and understanding
of the subject, while the coursework provides an opportunity for candidates to trigger their inquisitive
biological reasoning. This also enhances their understanding and application of biological sciences
and develops the candidates soft skills.
The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examination format, grade
description and specimen papers.
The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Emeritus Dato Dr.
Latiff bin Mohamad from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Other committee members consist of
university lecturers, representatives from the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of
Education Malaysia, and experienced teachers who are teaching Biology. On behalf of MEC,
I would like to thank the committee for their commitment and invaluable contribution. It is hoped that
this syllabus will be a guide for teachers and candidates in the teaching and learning process.
Chief Executive
Malaysian Examinations Council
CONTENTS
Syllabus 964 Biology
Page
Aims
Objectives
Content
First Term: Biological Molecules and Metabolism
28
9 15
16 21
22
23
Scheme of Assessment
24 25
Performance Descriptions
26
Reference Books
27
Specimen Paper 1
29 49
Specimen Paper 2
51 75
Specimen Paper 3
77 99
101 104
Specimen Paper 5
105 119
SYLLABUS
964 BIOLOGY
Aims
This syllabus is designed to enhance candidates knowledge and understanding of biology and
biological issues, to prepare and equip the candidates for their tertiary education, to pursue careers in
related fields and to promote continuous awareness of the importance of biology in life.
Objectives
This syllabus enables candidates to:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
develop abilities and skills in handling materials and apparatus correctly and safely, and;
(e)
cultivate proper attitudes and values on social, technological, and environmental issues in
biology.
Teaching
Period
Biological Molecules
24
1.1
Water
Learning Outcome
1.2
Carbohydrates
Topic
1.3
Lipids
Teaching
Period
3
Learning Outcome
Candidates should be able to:
(a) describe the structures, properties and
distribution of triglycerides, phospholipids
(lecithin) and steroid (cholesterol);
(b) state the functions of triglycerides,
phospholipids (lecithin) and steroids
(cholesterol);
(c) differentiate between saturated and unsaturated
fatty acids.
1.4
Proteins
1.5
Nucleic acids
Topic
1.6
Analytical techniques
Teaching
Period
4
Learning Outcome
Candidates should be able to:
(a) describe the basic principles of paper
chromatography in pigment separation,
electrophoresis for protein and nucleic acid
separation.
16
2.1
Prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
2.2
Cellular components
2.3
Specialised cells
Topic
3
Teaching
Period
3.1
Learning Outcome
3.2
Movement of
substance across
membrane
Enzymes
20
4.1
Catalysis and
activation energy
4.2
Mechanism of action
and kinetics
Topic
4.3
Cofactors
Teaching
Period
3
Learning Outcome
Candidates should be able to:
(a) explain the roles of cofactors (ion activators,
coenzymes and prosthetic groups) in an
enzymatic reaction;
(b) explain the importance of vitamins and
minerals as precursors of
coenzymes/cofactors.
4.4
Inhibitors
4.5
Classification of
enzymes
4.6
Enzyme technology
Cellular Respiration
12
5.1
5.2
Aerobic respiration
Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
(c) describe the various steps involved in the
Krebs cycle (including the link reaction);
(d) explain the formation of NADH, FADH2, GTP
and ATP during the Krebs cycle;
(e) describe oxidative phosphorylation and
chemiosmosis in the electron transport system;
(f)
5.3
Anaerobic respiration
Photosynthesis
16
6.1
Autotroph
6.2
Light-dependent
reactions
Topic
6.3
Light-independent
reactions
Teaching
Period
8
Learning Outcome
Candidates should be able to:
(a) describe Calvin cycle;
(b) explain photorespiration;
(c) describe the anatomical structure of C4 leaf
(Krantz anatomy) in comparison to C3 leaf;
(d) explain carbon dioxide fixation in C4 plants
and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
plants;
(e) differentiate the metabolism of C3, C4 and
CAM plants.
6.4
Limiting factors
SECONDTERM: PHYSIOLOGY
Topic
7
Teaching
Period
Gas Exchange
12
7.1
Gaseous exchange in
humans
Learning Outcome
7.2
Breathing cycle
7.3
Gaseous exchange in
plants
16
8.1
Transport system in
mammals
Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
(d) explain hypertension, atherosclerosis,
arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction, and
state their causes and preventions;
(e) describe the lymphatic system in relation to the
blood circulatory system;
(f)
8.2
Transport system in
vascular plants
22
9.1
16
Nervous system
10
Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
(f)
9.2
Hormones
(i)
(j)
10 Reproduction,
Development and Growth
10.1 Sexual reproduction in
humans
13
11
Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
(f)
11 Homeostasis
11.1 Importance of
homeostasis
10
2
12
Topic
11.2 Liver
Teaching
Period
4
Learning Outcome
Candidates should be able to:
(a) describe the structure of liver, and explain the
roles of its components;
(b) describe carbohydrate metabolism in the liver
(glycogenesis, glycogenolysis,
gluconeogenesis);
(c) describe protein metabolism (transamination,
deamination and urea formation) in the liver.
11.3 Osmoregulation in
mammals
11.4 Osmoregulation in
plants
12 Immunity
12.1 Immune system
10
3
13
Topic
12.2 Development of
immunity
Teaching
Period
3
Learning Outcome
Candidates should be able to:
(a) explain cell-mediated and humoral immune
responses;
(b) outline the antigen-antibody reactions
(precipitation, agglutination, neutralisation,
complement fixation).
13 Infectious Diseases
13.1 Infectious disease
13
1
13.2 Dengue
13.3 Cholera
14
Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
Candidates should be able to:
(a) describe the causes and symptoms of
tuberculosis (TB);
(b) explain the transmission of TB;
(c) discuss the roles of social, economical and
biological factors in the prevention of TB.
13.5 Malaria
15
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
14
14.3 Biodiversity in
Malaysia
14.5 Conservation of
biodiversity
16
Topic
15 Ecology
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
22
17
Topic
16 Selection and Speciation
16.1 Natural and artificial
selection
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
10
6
16.2 Speciation
34
17.2 Non-Mendelian
inheritance
18
Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
(b) explain lethal genes (sickle-cell in human/coat
colur in mice/chlorophyll production in
maize), polygenes (height in humans), linked
and sex-linked genes (Drosophila eye colour
and haemophilia in humans), and epistasis
(coat colour in dog and capsule shape in
shepherds purse plant);
(c) explain the pedigree analysis.
19
Topic
17.6 Gene expression
Teaching
Period
4
Learning Outcome
Candidates should be able to:
(a) explain the experiment of Beadle and Tatum
which leads to the establishment of one-geneone-polypeptide hypothesis;
(b) interpret the genetic code table, and identify
the appropriate anti-codon;
(c) explain the characteristics of genetic code;
(d) describe transcription and translation.
17.8 Mutation
20
Topic
18 Gene Technology
18.1 Recombinant DNA
technology
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome
8
8
19 Biotechnology
19.1 Roles of
biotechnology
8
1
19.2 Applications of
biotechnology
21
make observations on living, preserved specimens and models, and record them accurately
in writing or by using clear drawings or diagrams,
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
record the results systematically, interpret the data scientifically and make conclusion.
22
(b)
candidates from private schools which have no permission to carry out the school-based
assessment of practical work,
(c)
(d)
candidates who do not attend classes of lower six and upper six in two consecutive years
(in government or private schools),
(e)
candidates who take Biology other than the package offered by schools.
Three structured questions related to practical work will be set. MEC will not be strictly bound by
the syllabus in setting questions. Where appropriate, candidates will be given sufficient information to
enable them to answer the questions. Only knowledge of theory within the syllabus and knowledge of
usual laboratory practical procedures will be expected.
Candidates should have sufficient knowledge on:
(a)
(b)
morphological and anatomical features and relate to functions of specimens as a basis for
their classification,
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
using theories to explain the results of experiments and performing simple calculations
based on experiments.
23
Scheme of Assessment
Term of
Study
Paper Code
and Name
First
Term
964/1
Biology
Paper 1
Theme/Title
Biological
Molecules
and
Metabolism
Type of Test
Written test
Mark
(Weighting)
Duration
Administration
1 hours
Central
assessment
1 hours
Central
assessment
60
(26.67%)
Section A
15 compulsory
multiple-choice
questions to be
answered.
15
Section B
2 compulsory short
structured questions to
be answered.
15
Section C
2 out of 3 essay
questions to be
answered.
30
964/2
Biology
Paper 2
Physiology
Written test
60
(26.67%)
Section A
15 compulsory
multiple-choice
questions to be
answered.
15
Section B
2 compulsory short
structured questions to
be answered.
15
Section C
2 out of 3 essay
questions to be
answered.
30
24
Term of
Study
Paper Code
and Name
Third
Term
964/3
Biology
Paper 3
Theme/Title
Ecology and
Genetics
Type of Test
Written test
Mark
(Weighting)
Duration
Administration
1 hours
Central
assessment
1 hours
Central
assessment
Throughout
the three
terms
School-based
assessment
60
(26.67%)
15
Section A
15 compulsory
multiple-choice
questions to be
answered.
Section B
2 compulsory short
structured questions to
be answered.
15
Section C
2 out of 3 essay
questions to be
answered.
30
First,
Second
and
Third
Terms
964/5
Biology
Paper 5
Biology
Practical
964/4
Biology
Paper 4
Biology
Practical
Written Practical
Test
45
(20%)
3 structured questions
with diagram/graph/
table to be answered.
School-based
Assessment of
Practical
15 compulsory
experiments to be
carried out.
25
225
to be
scaled to
45
(20%)
Performance Descriptions
A Grade A candidate is likely able to:
(a)
recall almost all the content of required areas of biological syllabus, and relate the content
with the question;
(b)
decide on, organise and present information to explain the concept, theories and depth of
biological knowledge in an ordered and logical manner;
(c)
plan and carry out investigations, solve problems based on a sound biological knowledge;
(d)
interpret and analyse complex data presented, and relate the biological knowledge and
understanding of content by using correct formulae, terminologies, scientific units and
approach;
(e)
integrate various concepts and findings accurately, and formulate logical conclusion;
(f)
apply and justify knowledge and understanding successfully to unfamiliar contexts and
data.
recall some of the content of the required areas of biological syllabus, and relate the content
with the question moderately;
(b)
decide on, organise and present information to describe the concept, theories and depth of
biological knowledge;
(c)
plan and carry out investigations, solve problems based on a mediocre biological
knowledge;
(d)
interpret and analyse simple and straight forward data presented, and relate the biological
knowledge and understanding of content by using some formulae, terminologies and
scientific units;
(e)
(f)
26
Reference Books
Teachers and candidates may use books specially written for the STPM examination and other
reference books such as those listed below.
1.
Alters, S. and Alters, B., 2006. Biology: Understanding Life. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
2.
Audesirk, T., Audesirk, G. and Byers, B.E., 2001. Biology: Life on Earth. 6th edition. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall.
3.
4.
Campbell, N.A. and Reece, N.A., 2005. Biology. 7th edition. San Francisco: Benjamin/
Cummings.
5.
6.
7.
Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R. and Spencer, C.A., 2005. Concepts of Genetics. 8th edition. New
Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
8.
Klug, W.S. and Cummings, M.R., 2005. Essentials of Genetics. 5th edition. New Jersey:
Pearson Prentice Hall.
9.
10.
Raven, P.H., et. al. 2005. Biology. 7th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
11.
Russel, P.J., et. al. 2008. Biology: The Dynamics Science. 1st edition. Belmont: Thompson
Brooks/Cole.
12.
Smith, R.L. and Smith, T.M., 2003. Elements of Ecology. 5th edition. San Francisco: Benjamin
Cummings.
13.
Solomon, E.P., Berg, L.R. and Martin, D.W., 2005. Biology. 7th edition. Belmont: Thompson
Brooks/Cole.
14.
Taylor, D.J., Green, N.P.O. and Stout, G.W., 2003. Biological Science 1: Organisms, Energy
and Environment. 3rd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15.
Taylor, D.J., Green, N.P.O. and Stout, G.W., 2003. Biological Science 2: Systems, Maintenance
and Change. 3rd editon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16.
Toole, G. and Toole, S., 1999. Understanding Biology for Advanced Level. 4th edition. United
Kingdom: Nelson Thornes.
27
28
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/1
STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
TOLD TO DO SO.
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices
of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks
will not be deducted for wrong answers.
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be
shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in
numerical order.
Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of
Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
Total
(Jumlah)
29
blank page.
halaman kosong.)
BLANK PAGE
964/1
30
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/1
31
Example
Description
Pentose
Ribose
Pentose
Ribulose
Triose
Glyceraldehyde
Triose
Dihydroxyacetone
A monomer of cellulose
Which amino acid is the first to be carried by tRNA to ribosome during translation?
A Leucine
B Tyrosine
C Tryptophan
D Methionine
964/1
32
Contoh
Penerangan
Pentosa
Ribosa
Pentosa
Ribulosa
Triosa
Gliseraldehid
Triosa
Dihidroksiaseton
Monomer selulosa
Asid amino yang manakah yang pertama dibawa oleh tRNA ke ribosom semasa translasi?
A Leusina
B Tirosina
C Triptofan
D Metionina
964/1
33
The table below shows the components of a cell membrane and their functions.
Component of a cell
membrane
Functions
I Oligosaccharide
II Lecithin
III Protein
IV Cholesterol
II
III
IV
964/1
34
Fungsi
I Oligosakarida
II Lesitin
III Protein
IV Kolesterol
Yang manakah yang betul bagi komponen membran sel di atas dan fungsi masing-masing?
II
III
IV
964/1
35
9 Which graph shows the possible changes in the rate of a reaction catalysed by an enzyme in the
presence of a competitive inhibitor?
1/V
1/V
Without
inhibitor
With
inhibitor
With
inhibitor
Without
inhibitor
1/[S]
1/[S]
1/V
1/V Without
inhibitor
With
inhibitor
With
inhibitor
Without
inhibitor
1/[S]
1/[S]
964/1
36
9 Graf yang manakah yang menunjukkan kemungkinan perubahan kadar tindak balas yang
dimangkinkan oleh enzim dalam kehadiran perencat persaingan?
1/V
1/V
Tanpa
perencat
Dengan
perencat
Dengan
perencat
Tanpa
perencat
1/[S]
1/[S]
1/V Tanpa
perencat
1/V
Dengan
perencat
Dengan
perencat
Tanpa
perencat
1/[S]
1/[S]
C
964/1
37
13 In cyclic photophosphorylation, the excited electron which returns to its ground state will emit
A light
B microwave
C gamma ray
D ultraviolet radiation
14 Which statement describes the characteristic of bundle sheath cell of C4 plants?
A It has small grana.
B It contains a few starch granules.
C The activity of photosystem I is high.
D Carbon dioxide is assimilated by PEP carboxylase.
15 The diagram below shows non-cyclic photophosphorylation during the light reaction of
photosynthesis.
A Ferredoxin
Plastoquinone
Plastocyanin
B Ferredoxin
Plastocyanin
Plastoquinone
C Plastocyanin
Plastoquinone
Ferredoxin
D Plastoquinone
Plastocyanin
Ferredoxin
964/1
38
13 Dalam pemfotofostorilan berkitar, elektron teruja yang kembali ke keadaan asas akan
membebaskan
A cahaya
B gelombang mikro
C sinar gamma
D sinaran ultra lembayung
14 Penyataan yang manakah yang memerihalkan ciri sel berkas tumbuhan C4?
A Mempunyai grana yang kecil.
B Mengandungi beberapa granul kanji.
C Aktiviti fotosistem I adalah tinggi.
D Karbon dioksida diasimilasi oleh PEP karboksilase.
15 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan pemfotofosforilan bukan kitar semasa tindak balas cahaya
fotosintesis.
Penerima
pertama
Penerima
pertama
Kompleks
sitokrom
NADP+
reduktase
Cahaya
Cahaya
A Ferredoksin
Plastokuinon
Plastosianin
B Ferredoksin
Plastosianin
Plastokuinon
C Plastosianin
Plastokuinon
Ferredoksin
D Plastokuinon
Plastosianin
Ferredoksin
964/1
39
BLANK PAGE
964/1
40
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/1
41
P
Organelle X
Q
Organelle Y
Organelle Z
(a) State where these cells may have been taken from.
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Arrange the order of sedimentation of organelles X, Y and Z. Explain your answer. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) From the above diagrams, name the structure labelled P, Q and R.
[3 marks]
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(d) Give one function of organelle Y.
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(e) Give one common function of organelles X and Z.
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/1
42
Organel X
Q
Organel Y
Organel Z
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Susunkan turutan pengenapan bagi organel X, Y, dan Z. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Daripada gambar rajah di atas, namakan struktur yang berlabel P, Q, dan R.
[3 markah]
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(d) Berikan satu fungsi organel Y.
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(e) Berikan satu fungsi sepunya bagi organel X dan Z.
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/1
43
(a) Name the photosystems labeled Q and R, and give the wavelengths of their appropriate
reaction centres.
[4 marks]
Name of photosystem
Wavelength
Q: .....................................
.....................................
R: .....................................
.....................................
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Name the process that occurs at Q.
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/1
44
17 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan pemfotofosforilan dalam tindak balas cahaya bagi
tumbuhan.
Keupayaan
pengoksidaan
penurunan
(Aras tenaga
relatif)
Penerima elektron
Penerima elektron
(a) Namakan fotosistem yang berlabel Q dan R, dan berikan panjang gelombang bagi pusat
tindak balas yang sewajarnya.
[4 markah]
Nama fotosistem
Panjang gelombang
Q: .....................................
.....................................
R: .....................................
.....................................
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Namakan proses yang berlaku di Q.
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/1
45
BLANK PAGE
964/1
46
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/1
47
[8 marks]
[7 marks]
20 (a) Explain three different classes of enzymes based on the reactions that they catalyse.
[6 marks]
(b) By giving two examples of enzymatic reactions, explain how the appropriate cofactor and
inhibitor affect their activities.
[9 marks]
964/1
48
[8 markah]
[7 markah]
20 (a) Perihalkan tiga kelas enzim yang berbeza berdasarkan tindak balas yang dimangkinkan.
[6 markah]
(b) Dengan memberi dua contoh tindak balas enzim, jelaskan bagaimana kofaktor dan perencat
yang sesuai mempengaruhi aktiviti masing-masing.
[9 markah]
964/1
49
50
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/2
STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
TOLD TO DO SO.
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices
of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks
will not be deducted for wrong answers.
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be
shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in
numerical order.
Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of
Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
Total
(Jumlah)
51
blank page.
halaman kosong.)
BLANK PAGE
964/2
52
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/2
53
Myoglobin
Maternal haemoglobin
Foetal haemoglobin
964/2
54
Hemoglobin ibu
Haemoglobin fetus
964/2
55
3 The graph below shows the pressure changes in the atrium, ventricle and aorta during a complete
cardiac cycle.
Pressure/kPa
Time/s
Aortic pressure
Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Ventricular pressure
Atrial pressure
Aortic pressure
Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Aortic pressure
Atrial pressure
Aortic pressure
Ventricular pressure
The role of the Casparian strip in the endodermal cell of the root is
A to carry out active transport
B to strengthen the root structure
C to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the symplastic route
D to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the apoplastic route
964/2
56
3 Graf di bawah menunjukkan perubahan tekanan di dalam atrium, ventrikel, dan aorta semasa satu
kitar kardium yang lengkap.
Tekanan/kPa
Sistol
ventrikel
Sistol
atrium
Diastol
Masa/s
Tekanan aorta
Tekanan atrium
Tekanan ventrikel
Tekanan ventrikel
Tekanan atrium
Tekanan aorta
Tekanan atrium
Tekanan ventrikel
Tekanan aorta
Tekanan atrium
Tekanan aorta
Tekanan ventrikel
964/2
57
IV
II
III
B I
IV
III
II
C IV
III
II
D IV
III
II
9 Which structure cease to function after the formation of placenta in the development of
mammalian foetus?
A Allantois
B Yolk sac
C Chorionic membrane
D Amniotic membrane
964/2
58
IV
II
III
B I
IV
III
II
C IV
III
II
D IV
III
II
9 Struktur yang manakah yang berhenti berfungsi selepas pembentukan plasenta dalam
perkembangan fetus mamalia?
A Alantois
B Pundi yolka
C Membran korion
D Membran amnion
964/2
59
III
IV
B II
IV
III
C II
III
IV
D II
IV
III
Plasma cell
Y
What do W, X and Y represent?
W
A B cell
Memory B cell
Antibody
B B cell
Antibody
Memory B cell
C T cell
Memory T cell
Antibody
D T cell
Memory T cell
Cytotoxic T cell
964/2
60
III
IV
B II
IV
III
C II
III
IV
D II
IV
III
11 Bahan yang manakah yang dihasilkan oleh hati mamalia semasa metabolisma protein?
A Hempedu
B Urea
C Glikogen
D Kolesterol
12 Gambar rajah yang diringkaskan tentang tindakan humor ditunjukkan di bawah.
Antigen
Rangsangan
W
Sel plasma
Y
Apakah wang diwakili oleh W, X , dan Y ?
W
A Sel B
Sel B ingatan
Antibodi
B Sel B
Antibodi
Sel B ingatan
C Sel T
Sel T ingatan
Antibodi
D Sel T
Sel T ingatan
Sel T sitotoksik
964/2
61
13 The diagram below shows the immune response in the human body.
II
III
IV
VI
B III
II
IV
VI
C III
II
IV
VI
D III
II
VI
IV
964/2
62
13 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan gerak balas imun dalam badan manusia.
Sel prekursor dari
sum-sum tulang
Bergerak
ke nodus limfa
Bahan R
Sel X
Sel Z
Bahan S
Sel Y
II
III
IV
VI
B III
II
IV
VI
C III
II
IV
VI
D III
II
VI
IV
964/2
63
15 A person suffering from abrupt onset of fever, headache, facial flushing, conjuctival suffusion and
severe backache is most likely to contract
A dengue
B cholera
C malaria
D tuberculosis
964/2
64
15 Seorang yang menderita serangan mendadak demam, sakit kepala, kemerahan pada wajah,
konjugtivitis dan sakit pinggang kemungkinan besar menghidap
A denggi
B kolera
C malaria
D tuberkulosis
964/2
65
BLANK PAGE
964/2
66
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/2
67
R + O2
CO2 + H2O
II
Cell/tissue
T
I
CO2 + H2O
HCO3
H+ + Hb
O2
S
Erythrocyte membrane
H2CO3
HbO2
[3 marks]
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
S: ...............................................................................................................................................................
T: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Explain what happens at stages I and II.
[4 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/2
68
R + O2
CO2 + H2O
II
Sel/tisu
T
I
CO2 + H2O
HCO3
H+ + Hb
O2
S
Membran eritrosit
H2CO3
HbO2
[3 markah]
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
S: ...............................................................................................................................................................
T: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Jelaskan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat I dan II.
[4 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/2
69
Thickness of
endometrium
Menstrual Proliferative
Secretory
Ovulation
phase
phase
phase
(a) Name the structure labelled P and Q.
[2 marks]
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) State two types of hormones which influence the above menstrual cycle, and state the role of
each hormone.
[4 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) What happens to structure Q if
(i) fertilisation occurs?
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) fertilisation does not occur?
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/2
70
17 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan ringkasan peristiwa dalam kitar haid manusia.
Q
P
Ketebalan
endometrium
Fasa
haid
Fasa
proliferatif
Ovulasi
Fasa
rembesan
[2 markah]
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Nyatakan dua jenis hormon yang mempengaruhi kitar haid di atas, dan nyatakan peranan
setiap hormon.
[4 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Apakah yang berlaku kepada struktur Q jika
(i) persenyawaan berlaku?
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) persenyawaan tidak berlaku?
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/2
71
BLANK PAGE
964/2
72
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/2
73
[8 marks]
(b) A malfunctioned kidney may be replaced by a healthy one which is transplanted from a
donor.
(i) Explain why the healthy kidney may later be rejected by the recipients body. [4 marks]
(ii) What are the steps taken to overcome the problem of rejection by the recipients body?
[3 marks]
964/2
74
[6 markah]
20 (a) Namakan organ dan struktur dalam system limfa, dan perihalkan fungsi masing-masing.
[8 markah]
(b) Ginjal yang tidak berfungsi boleh digantikan dengan ginjal yang sihat yang dipindahkan
daripada seorang penderma.
(i) Jelaskan mengapa ginjal yang sihat mungkin kemudiannya akan ditolak oleh badan
penerima.
[4 markah]
(ii) Apakah langkah-langkah yang diambil untuk mengatasi masalah penolakan oleh badan
penerima itu?
[3 markah]
964/2
75
76
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/3
STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
TOLD TO DO SO.
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices
of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks
will not be deducted for wrong answers.
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be
shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in
numerical order.
Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of
Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
Total
(Jumlah)
77
blank page.
halaman kosong.)
BLANK PAGE
964/3
78
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/3
79
Zea
Cycas
Dryopteris
Marchantia
Which energy flows in an ecosystem involves the transfer of the greatest amount of energy?
A
Plant
Herbivore
Herbivore
Carnivore
C Carnivore
Decomposer
D Herbivore
Decomposer
964/3
80
Zea
Cycas
Dryopteris
Marchantia
4 Pengaliran tenaga dalam ekosistem yang manakah yang melibatkan pemindahan amaun tenaga
yang paling banyak?
A Tumbuhan
Herbivor
B Herbivor
Karnivor
C Karnivor
Pengurai
D Herbivor
Pengurai
964/3
81
The graph below shows the survivorship curves for three species of animals.
Number of
survivors
(log scale)
Curve
(c)
(a)
(a)
(b)
8 Alleles A and B are codominant. How many types of phenotype would be produced from the
cross AB AB?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
964/3
82
Lengkung
(c)
(a)
(a)
(b)
Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang sistem pengelasan buatan?
A Sistem yang berdasarkan hubungan filogenetik.
B Sistem itu boleh digunakan untuk membina kunci dikotomi.
C Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan untuk kegunaan spesifik.
D Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan mengikut perbezaan ciri yang dipilih secara
sembarangan.
8 Alel A dan B adalah kodominan. Berapakah jenis fenotip yang akan terhasil daripada kacukan
AB AB?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
964/3
83
9 The frequency of the allele B in a population at genetic equilibrium is 0.70. What is the frequency
of the Bb genotype?
A 0.21
B 0.42
C 0.49
D 0.70
10 The graphs below show the ultraviolet absorption in the experiment to prove the mode of DNA
replication.
Percentage
of ultraviolet
absorption
Generation 0
Nitrogen content
Generation 1
Nitrogen content
Generation 2
Nitrogen content
Generation 3
N14
14
N14
15
N15
Nitrogen content
15
964/3
84
9 Frekuensi alel B dalam populasi dalam keseimbangan genetik ialah 0.70. Berapakah frekuensi
genotip Bb?
A 0.21
B 0.42
C 0.49
D 0.70
10 Graf di bawah menunjukkan penyerapan ultra lembayung dalam uji kaji untuk membuktikan cara
pereplikaan DNA.
Peratusan
serapan ultra
lembayung
Generasi 0
Kandungan nitrogen
Generasi 1
Kandungan nitrogen
Generasi 2
Kandungan nitrogen
Generasi 3
N14
14
N14
15
N15
Kandungan nitrogen
N15
964/3
85
964/3
86
Petanda:
Lelaki
penghidap
Lelaki
normal
Perempuan
Penghidap
Perempuan
normal
964/3
87
14 The diagram below shows steps in DNA cloning using bacterial plasmid.
Source DNA
Plasmid
Cloned DNA
A Amplification
Screening
Transformation
B Amplification
Transformation
Screening
C Transformation
Screening
Amplification
D Transformation
Amplification
Screening
964/3
88
14 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan langkah pengklonan DNA mengunakan plasmid bakteria.
DNA sumber
Plasmid
DNA terklon
A Amplifikasi
Penyaringan
Transformasi
B Amplifikasi
Transformasi
Penyaringan
C Transformasi
Penyaringan
Amplifikasi
D Transformasi
Amplifikasi
Penyaringan
964/3
89
BLANK PAGE
964/3
90
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/3
91
Number of
individuals
Phenotype
Number of
individuals
II
Phenotype
III
Phenotype
(a) Sketch the curve to show the effect of natural selection in each case.
[3 marks]
(b) State the types of selection represented by the curves you have sketched in (a).
[3 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Give one example of the phenomenon resulting from each of the selections II and III.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3
92
Bilangan
individu
Bilangan
individu
Fenotip
Bilangan
individu
II
Fenotip
III
Fenotip
(a) Lakar lengkung yang menunjukkan kesan pemilihan semula jadi dalam setiap kes.
[3 markah]
(b) Nyatakan jenis pemilihan yang mewakili lengkung yang anda lakar dalam (a).
[3 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Berikan satu contoh fenomena yang dihasilkan daripada pemilihan II dan III.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3
93
17 (a) The diagram below shows the stages of meiosis during the formation of gametes which
involve a pair of chromosome P and a pair of chromosome Q. Draw the complete diagram to show
the arrangement of the chromosomes if non-disjunction occurs involving the pair of chromosome P
during meiosis I.
[6 marks]
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Gamete
Gamete
Gamete
Gamete
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3
94
17 (a) Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan peringkat meiosis semasa pembentukan gamet yang
melibatkan sepasang kromosom P dan sepasang kromosom Q. Lukis gambar rajah lengkap untuk
menunjukkan susunan kromosom jika tak disjungsi berlaku yang melibatkan pasangan kromosom P
semasa meiosis I.
[6 markah]
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Gamet
Gamet
Gamet
Gamet
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3
95
BLANK PAGE
964/3
96
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/3
97
[8 marks]
(b) Water pollution is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity in Malaysia. Discuss this statement.
[7 marks]
19 (a) Explain the energy flow in the carbon cycle.
(b) Compare the adaptive characteristics of K-strategies and r-strategies.
[7 marks]
[8 marks]
[6 marks]
(ii) Determine the number of individuals who are heterozygous in the population. [4 marks]
(b) If 20 non-tasters immigrate into the population, determine the new frequencies of allele t and
allele T.
[5 marks]
964/3
98
[8 markah]
(b) Pencemaran air adalah ancaman utama kepada kepelbagian biologi di Malaysia. Bincangkan
pernyataan ini.
[7 markah]
19 (a) Jelaskan pengaliran tenaga di dalam kitar karbon.
(b) Bandingkan ciri penyesuaian strategi K dan strategi r.
[7 markah]
[8 markah]
20 Dalam satu populasi kecil, 40 individu ialah perasa feniltiokarbamida dan 60 individu bukan
perasa feniltiokarbamida. Alel dominan T mengawal keupayaan untuk merasa feniltiokarbamida.
(a)
[6 markah]
[4 markah]
(b) Jika 20 individu bukan perasa berhijrah masuk ke dalam populasi itu, tentukan kekerapan
baharu alel t dan alel T.
[5 markah]
964/3
99
100
SPECIMEN EXPERIMENT
964/4
STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 4 (KERTAS 4)
101
STPM BIOLOGY
Experiment 1
Title: Determination of the osmotic potential of plant cells
964/4
102
STPM BIOLOGY
Procedure:
1.
Prepare 20 ml of 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions from 1.0 M stock
solution in labelled test tubes. Use the following formula to assist you in preparing your
dilution.
where M1 = initial molarity
M1V1 = M2V2
V1 = initial volume
M2 = final molarity
V2 = final volume
2.
Record the volume of the stock solution and distilled water used in each dilution in Table 1.
3.
Prepare 15 cylindrical strips of potato tissues using a cork-borer. Cut the strips to a uniform
length.
4.
Take 3 potato strips, record their average initial length and weight and place them into the test
tube containing 0.1 M sucrose solution. Note down the texture of the potato strips.
5.
Repeat step 4 using 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions and wait for 30 minutes.
6.
Plot a standard curve of the osmotic potential against the molarities of the sucrose solutions
using the data given below.
Molarity (M)
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
Osmotic potential
(in atmosphere)
1.3
2.6
4.0
5.3
6.7
8.1
9.6
11.1
12.6
14.3
16.0
7.
After 30 minutes, remove the strips with the dissecting needle/mounted needle provided. Dry
the strips gently with filter paper and record their average final length and weight.
8.
9.
10.
Plot another graph of the average change in the length of the potato strips against the molarities
of the sucrose solution used.
11.
Use both the graphs to determine the osmotic potential of the potato cell sap.
964/4
103
STPM BIOLOGY
Result:
Table 1
Molarity
0.1 M
0.2 M
0.3 M
0.4 M
0.5 M
Discussion:
1 (a) From the first graph, determine the solute concentration of the cell sap of the potato tissues (in
molarity) of sucrose solution. Explain your answer.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) From the standard curve, determine the equivalent osmotic potential (in atmosphere) of the
cell sap.
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
2
What is the relationship between the changes in weight of the potato strips and their texture?
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
3
Plant fertilizer contains many solutes. Why an overdose of fertilizer may kill a plant?
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Conclusion
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/4
104
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/5
STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 5 (KERTAS 5)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
TOLD TO DO SO.
Answer all questions.
Total
(Jumlah)
105
blank page.
halaman kosong.)
A fermentation tube was filled with 5% glucose solution and 5 drops of 10% yeast suspension. It
was then put inside a test tube as shown below.
Test tube
Fermentation tube
Height of fluid
The apparatus set-up was placed in an incubator at 37 C for 60 hours. The heights of the fluid
and the gas in the fermentation tube were recorded every 10 hours.
(a) Is oxygen involved in the process?
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Name the end products of the fermentation.
[3 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Complete the table below.
Time (hour)
Height of fluid (mm)
[3 marks]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
100
82
73
68
66
66
66
964/5
106
Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu uji kaji tentang respirasi dengan menggunakan yis.
Satu tabung penapaian diisi dengan larutan glukosa 5% dan 5 titis ampaian yis 10%. Tabung
penapaian itu kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam satu tabung uji seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.
Tabung uji
Tabung penapaian
Tinggi cecair
Susunan alat radas diletakkan ke dalam pengeram pada 37 C selama 60 jam. Tinggi bendalir dan
gas di dalam tabung penapaian direkodkan setiap 10 jam.
(a) Adakah oksigen terlibat dalam proses itu?
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Namakan hasil akhir penapaian itu.
[3 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.
Masa (jam)
Tinggi bendalir (mm)
[3 markah]
10
20
30
40
50
60
100
82
73
68
66
66
66
964/5
107
964/5
108
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
964/5
109
(e) Based on the graph that you have plotted, describe briefly the fermentation process.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(f) State two industrial applications of the yeast fermentation.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
110
(e) Berdasarkan graf yang anda plot itu, perihalkan secara ringkas proses penapaian itu.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(f) Nyatakan dua penggunaan industri penapaian yis.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
111
(a) A cross-section of an organ that has been diverted out of a rat is shown in the diagram below.
D
A
E
F
J
I
[5 marks]
Organ: ...
A: .. F: .
B: .. G: .
C: . H: .
D: . I: ...
E: .
(ii) State two function of the organ.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) State the similarity and the difference in function between the structures B and C.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iv) State the common function of structures F, G and J.
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
112
2 (a) Keratan rentas satu organ yang telah dialih keluar daripada seekor tikus ditunjukkan dalam
gambar rajah di bawah.
C
D
A
E
F
[5 markah]
Organ: ...
A: .. F: .
B: .. G: .
C: . H: .
D: . I: ...
E: .
(ii) Nyatakan dua fungsi organ itu.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Nyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan fungsi antara struktur B dengan struktur C.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iv) Nyatakan fungsi sepunya struktur F, G, dan J.
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
113
(b) The structures shown in the diagram below are related to the organ in (a).
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give two characteristics of each of the structures.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Why are the wall structures of K and L are different?
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
114
(b) Struktur yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah berkaitan dengan organ pada (a).
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Berikan dua ciri bagi setiap struktur itu.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Mengapakah struktur dinding bagi K dan L berbeza?
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
115
3 A researcher carried out a cross on pea plants to determine the inheritance of seed forms. He
crossed pure line wrinkled seed with pure line smooth seed to produce F1 generation and subsequently
F2 generation. A total of 250 plants were produced in F2 generation, 59 with wrinkled seeds and 191
with smooth seeds. The diagram below illustrates the crosses.
Progeny Q
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) What is the expected ratio of wrinkled-seed plants to smooth-seed plants of F2 generation?
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Using the expected ratio in (b), determine the expected number of phenotypes of F2
generation.
Phenotype
Observed number
Wrinkled
59
Smooth
191
Expected number
[2 marks]
964/5
116
3 Seorang penyelidik telah membuat kacukan terhadap pokok kacang pea untuk menentukan
perwarisan bentuk biji. Beliau mengkacukkan baka tulen biji yang berkedut dengan baka tulen biji
licin untuk menghasilkan generasi F1 dan seterusnya generasi F2. Sebanyak 250 tumbuhan telah
dihasilkan dalam generasi F2, 59 dengan biji berkedut, dan 191 dengan biji licin. Gambar rajah
di bawah menunjukkan kacukan tersebut.
Biji berkedut
Biji licin
Induk betina
Induk jantan
X
Progeni Q
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Apakah nisbah jangkaan pokok dengan biji berkedut kepada pokok dengan biji licin bagi
generasi F2?
[1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Dengan menggunakan nisbah jangkaan pada (b), tentukan bilangan jangkaan fenotip generasi
F2.
Fenotip
Bilangan cerapan
Berkedut
59
Licin
191
Bilangan jangkaan
[2 marks]
964/5
117
(d) Using the chi-square formula, determine the chi-square value for F2 generation.
[3 marks]
[4 marks]
Degree of freedom
5% level
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
11.070
12.592
14.067
15.507
16.919
18.307
Using the data from above table, explain whether the result obtained is in accordance with
Mendels first law.
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(f) Determine the dominant seed forms of pea plants.
[1 mark]
Wrinkled: ...................................................................................................................................................
Smooth: ......................................................................................................................................................
(g) With the symbol R as dominant allele and symbol r as recessive allele, determine the
genotypes of both parents and progeny Q.
[3 marks]
Female parent:...................................................................................................................................
Male parent: .....................................................................................................................................
Progeny Q: ........................................................................................................................................
964/5
118
(d) Dengan menggunakan rumus khi kuasa dua, tentukan nilai khi kuasa dua bagi generasi F2.
[3 markah]
(e) Jadual nilai khi kuasa dua ( 2) pada aras 5% diberikan di bawah.
Darjah kebebasan
Aras 5%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
11.070
12.592
14.067
15.507
16.919
18.307
[4 markah]
Dengan menggunakan data daripada jadual di atas, jelaskan sama ada keputusan yang diperoleh
mematuhi hukum Mendel pertama.
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(f) Tentukan kedominanan bentuk biji kacang pea.
[1 markah]
Berkedut:....................................................................................................................................................
Licin: .........................................................................................................................................................
(g) Dengan simbol R sebagai alel dominan dan simbol r sebagai alel resesif, tentukan genotip
kedua-dua induk dan progeni Q.
[3 markah]
Induk betina:..............................................................................................................................................
Induk jantan:..............................................................................................................................................
Progeni Q:..................................................................................................................................................
964/5
119