Mp JKeJbKO Kanyheponah UDK: 1 Tales

<PIIJI030epCKI1 rpaxyrrrer ITperJIelJ,HII xnanax

HOBII Can ITpIlMJbeH: 13. III 2006.
BIBLID: 0553-4569, 52 (2006), 3-4, P 202-217

TAJIEC - PO):(OHAqEJIHIIK wlIJI030wlIJE

Pesuue

Ayiuop y iiiexciiiy peadiupsuuue aotipo iioenaiiiy Apuciiioiiienoey KOHciUa-

iiiauujy 0 Tanecy «ao tipeou dnuioeotpy. Ilascmueou ananusou K1bUZa MeTaepIl3I1-
xe, 0 He6y II 0 nynra, iiponanase ce peneeaniiiuu iiacycu KOjUiI;W ce uoiUKpeulbyjy
Ciiiaiupanunoee oiiactce 0 Mygpau.y us Muneuta «ao eaueuiuutcy ueueia uuiio je
UOiUOM UMeHoeaHO «ao "ZpLlKO LlygO ", IIpu iiiyuauen.y, y pagy uuiiiupanux Apu-
ciiioiuenoeux uctcasa, tiipu iuese ua6ujajy y iipeu iinan: 1.) 3eMiba iinuea na eoou
(Met.98362 1-22; Cae1.294a28), 2.) Boga je uaiuepujannu yepo« ceux ciiieapu (y
Met.983619-21 zoeopu ce 0 eoau. «ao apuxey, a HeUlUlO pauuje y Met.98367 KaJICe
ce ga je eehuna og iipeux ipunosoipa cauo ona iiieapnoi otinutca cuaiiipana uaue-
nuua ceux ciiieapu], u 3.) Cee ciiieapu cy iiyne tioioea (De an.4JJa7-8; gogaje ce u
ga je MaZHeiU »cue jep UMa uot: ga iiotcpehe zeoJICbe, De an.405a19-2I). HaKoH pe-
«onciupytcuuje cauyeanux Apuciiioiiienoeux tienescatca 0 Tanecy, yiiiepheuo je ga
je teeioea eascuociii sa tpunosodiuiy y iUOMe tuiiio je OH pasuoiupuetuu cey pasuo-
epcuociii tiojaenoz ceeuia gemeKmoeao jeaunciiieenu UpUHU.UU KOjU .neJICU, unu JOUl
tion.e iioanescu, uciioa cauopaeysouuee u oueeuone scnotuiiieenociiiu. Y ciiieapu,
uueuyjyhu iipeo «asteno ceeia tcao eogy, Tanec je iiotcytuao ga ua jecau "ilpupog-
HU" U snauciileenu nauun; 6ea iiouohu uuiiioea u uaidiipupoauux cuna, otijacuu
uenuny ynueepsyua, u iiiuue eacnysceno ciiietcao peiiyiiiauujy .ipoaonauennutca ...
tpunosotpuje'' (a(j%'YJ'Yo~ !p1)"o(J"o!pfa~, Met.983620-2l).

KIbYLlHe peuu: Apuciiioiiien, Tanec, eoaa, uaueno, uaiaepujannu yspo«, po-

aonauennux ipunosoipuje

AKO CaqYBaHII epparMeHTII npeCOKpaTOBaIW penpesenryjy CBeTJIe 'raxxe

apxnrrenara KOjIl ce HaJIa3I1 ycpen 'raxrnor II npocrpanor oxeana aaurer aesnaa,a 0
lbIlMa, OHlJ,a je OCTpBO xoje npencranrsa Taneca, 360r HelJ,OCTaTKa opIlrIlHaJIHIIX
rpparueaara, CBaKaKO aajvatse. ApIlCTOTeJI je HaIIl rJIaBHII II najnparouenaja U3-
BOp I1HepopMau,I1ja 0 Tanecy.' C 063I1pOM na cy u ApIlCTOTeJIOBe I1HepopMau,uje 113

1HapaBHO He If jcnmm. Hajpaaajn ca-rynaau H3BOp 0 Tanecy jc Xcponorona 6eJlClIIKa H3 Hcuiopuje

(1,74) ()l.KIlA5). Oaa ronopa 0 'IyBeHoM nper\lml)alhY noxpa-reu,a CYHl~a y pary 113Mel)y JIIII)aHa II

202
Mp )KeJbKO Kanyhcpoanh: T AJIEC - POAOHAl.J:EJIHI1K <I>I1JI030<I> I1JE

,,~pyre pyxe", UITO OH He nporryurra na HarJIaCI1, qeCTO KO~ Ihera HaJIa311MO 113pa3e
rnna "Ka)Ke ce'' I1JII1 ,,'II1HI1 ce na je 11 Tanec, no OHOMe lIlTO CnOMI1IhY", na 611 xana
113JIa)Ke concrseae 3aMI1CJII1 nonasao jour 11 jenno 06aBe3Ho "MO)K~a".2 JJ:a BI1~I1MO
KaKO Hac y Hape~HOM nacazcy Apl1CTOTeJI YBO~11 y npaxy 0 TaJIeCOBOM npBOM na-
'IeJIy (Met.98366-11):

O~ npBI1X MI1CJII1JIau;a sehaaa je cauo TliJll Ji; 1TeWTWV rpIAorroq)'Y!IT(},VTWV of 1TAelrTTOI

OHa 'rsapae BpCTe CMaTpaJIa nOqeJII1Ma
CBI1X CTBapl1. Jep OHO O~ srera cy CBa
611ft.a, re O~ -rera npno nacrajy 11 y lIlTO
ce na xpajy pacnanajy, 'IeMy 611BCTBO
npeocraje ~OK ce Ml1jeIha y TpnHOCTI1-
Ma - TO xaxcy na je nparaap 11 no-reno
611ft.a;3
Tel,S- ev [JAr;s- ei'Jel p,ovas- t/Jf;!}r;rrav aexas-
elval ttavtiov: ef 06 '{'ae erTTlv a1TaVTa To'
OVTa, xai ef 06 '{'f'YlJeTaI 1TeWTOU xai el; 0'
rp!}efeeTaI TeAWTaIOV, Tns- p,ev ovrrfas-
u1Top,evourrr;s-, TOIS- Je 1TMetn
p,eTaj3aMourrr;s-, roirro rTTOIxelOV xai TaUTr;V
aexf;v tpaatu elval TliJll OVT(f)V,

Iloxyurajjro najrrpe o~rOBOpI1TI1 na mrran.e ira xora je Apl1CTOTeJI MI1CJII10 y

Met. 98366-7 xana je rOBOpl10 0 "npBI1M ¢I1JI030¢I1Ma" (1TeWTWV rpIAorrorpr;rravTwv).
Iberos npernen MI11I1JheIha 11 CTaBOBa npeTXO~HI1Ka nonexan je TelIlKO npaTI1TI1
360r 'II1IheHI1u;e na OH TO ~eJII1Ml1qHO ql1HI1 ycaajajyhn XPOHOJIOlIIKI1 pe~OCJIe~ MI1-
CJII1JIau;a 0 Kojl1Ma nl11I1e, a ~eJII1Ml1qHO IhI1XOB MeTa¢113I1qKI1 CJIe~, npn qeMy notre-
Ka~ KOPI1CTI1 CBa xe'rnpn y3poKa, a xarxana nexe O~ IhI1X 11 TO jenaa aa ~pyrI1M, TO
jeer CYKu;eCI1BHO. nOlIlTO ce aa nOqeTKY nacyca rOBOpl1 0 "npBI1M ¢I1JI030¢I1Ma"
KOjl1 cy CMaTpaJII1 na nocrojn caxro jenno HaqeJIO caera 11 na je TO jenno HaqeJIO
"TBapHor 06JII1Ka", onna HeMa ~I1JIeMe na ce OBaKBa KOHCTaTaU;l1ja MO)Ke O~HOCI1TI1
cauo na npBe joncxe ¢I1JI030¢e npnpone, TO jeer aa Taneca, AHaKCI1MaH~pa,
AHaKCI1MeHa 11 XepaKJII1Ta. 3Haql1, 6e3 06311pa na JIll je y rnrrarsy sona, aiieupou,
Ba3~YX I1JII1 BaTpa, yBeK je peq 0 jenaou Y3POKY 11 yaex 0 MaTepl1jaJIHOM y3pOKy.4
Mel)yTI1M, aKO osaj nacyc (Met.98366-11) nOCMaTpaMO 113 jenne 1III1pe nep-
CneKTI1Be, a 3aKJhY'IHO ca Met. 984a18, A0611ft.eMO 11 HelIlTO APyra'II1jl1 onrosop. BI1-
neheuo na CTampaHI1H y OBaKO nocnarpaaoj u;eJII1HI1 rOBOpl1 0 MaTepl1jaJIHOM
Y3POKY Kp03 ql1TaBY I1CTOpl1jy npecoKpaTcKe MI1CJII1, no-tea on Taneca, a saspums-
1I111 ca Aaaxcaropon. OBAe je, ~aKJIe, pen 0 CBI1M OHI1M "npBI1M ¢I1JI030¢I1Ma" KO-
jl1 Y CBOjl1M xoauennajaaa fiaparajy ca MaTepl1jaJIHI1M y3pOKOM, 6e3 06311pa ua TO
na JIll je TO jeAI1HI1 Y3POK sa KOjl1 snajy, I1JII1 caxro jenaa Y HI13Y Y3pOKa. Ty ce cno-
MI1IhY penoi«: Tanec, AHaKCI1MeH, XepaKJII1T, EMne~OKJIe 11 Anaxcaropa. Y OBOM
KpaTKOM npnxasy, I1CTI1Ha, nenocrajy HeKI1 npeCOKpaTOBU;I1, nonyr AHaKCI1MaH-

Mcbana 28. 05. 585. ron. npe H.C. Ouaj nonarax je ucpouaTHo uajnasoraja HHl\Hl\Hja 0 upeMcHy )l(HnO-
ra npnor Mnnehanmra.
20 TOMe Crarapanau nHII1C y Cael.294a28-30; De an.405a19, 411a8; Met.984a2; Po1.1259a6, 1259a18.
3 TIpCB. T. Jlanan. ApHCTOTCJI, Meiiiatpususca, JIH6cp, 3arpe6 1985, CTp. 10, n.98366-11. AJITCpHaTHn-
HH npcnnor npcnona ()K. K.) rJIaClI: "j1,aKlle, og iipeux ¢uIl030¢a eehuna je cuaiiipana oa [nauena j
[tcoja l Icy] iueapnoi 061lUKa jecy jeouna nauena caeza. Jep OHO oo 'lela cy cea tiuha, iipoo 09 'lela na-
ciuajv II iiocneou.e y tuiiia iipoiiaoajy, 'leMy tiueciuoo ociiiaje uen.ajyhu ce y ceojciuouua, iiio je, KaJICY
onu, eneueniu II naueno 611ha,"
4 OUO jc, 110 uasra, HajnpHXUaTJI,HuHja onunja Ol\rOBOpa na IIHTalLC na KOjC "npnc ¢HJI030¢C" jc ApH-
crorcn MHCJIHO na nanencnoa MCCTy.

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 I1E,l],AfOIliKA crBAPHOcr, LII, 3-4 (2006), HOllH CaA

npa, Ilnrarope, Enejaua H arovacra, a novarsy ce, HHAHpeKTHo, HeKH JbYAH KOjl1
sacarypao Hl1CY <pHJI030qJl1 xao XOMep, XeCl10A l1 Oprpej, Te HeKl1 ayTOpl1 0 KOjl1-
Ma l1MaMO BeOMa MaJIOBaJIl1AHl1X nonaraxa, xao IlITO cy XHrrOH, Ilnorea l1 Xnnac.
AKO 6HCMO XTeJIl1 HeKaKO 06jacHHTl1 l130CTaHaK rrouenyrax <pl1JI030<pa l13
osor npaxasa, ql1Hl1 HaM ce na cy Moryha ABa onrosopa, Ilpaa, na Crarapanaa Hl1-
je 6110 l1CTOpWIap <pl1JI03o<pl1je l1JIl1 acropa-rap MeTa<pl13HKe y MOAepHOM CMl1CJIY,
KOjl1 6H rrpl1JIl1KOM CBaKe perpocnexrase rreAaHTHO Cl1CTeMaTl130BaO CBe nocroje-
he <pl1JI030<pe. OH TaKBy BpCTy rrpl1Jbe)KHOCTl1 He ucrrorsasa Hl1 aa npyrna MeCTH-
Ma y CBOM orrycy, rra y TOM CMl1CJIY OBO MeCTO Hl1je Hl1KaKaB l13Y3eTaK. OBOMe rpe-
6a AOAaTl1 JOIlI l1 A06po II03HaTl1 IIOAaTaK na Hl1 cava Meiiuupusutca anje 6l1JIa 3a-
Ml1IlIJbeHa, AaHaIlIlbl1M je3l1KOM pe-reno, xao yI,I6eHHK l1JIl1 KlbHra, seh rrpe xao
36l1pKa TeKCTOBa HaMelbeHl1X sa npenanaa,e KOjl1 cy HaKHaAHO KOMIIl1JIl1paHl1 y
jenny QeJIHHy.
Ilpyra Moryhl1 OArOBOp HaM yxasyje na ce KOA AHaKCl1MaHApa, Ilararope l1
nnraropejana nojaan.yjy onroaapajyhe noreurxohe Aa ce aiieupou l1 6pojeBl1 jen-
H03HaQHO l1 nenperropno TpeTl1pajy xao causa materialis. Te TeIlIKohe KYJIMl1Hl1pa-
jy ca EJIejQl1Ma KOA xojnx je, l13Y3eB fIapMeHl1AOBOr "rrYTa MHelba", l1 nesroryhe
rOBOpl1Tl1 0 HeKaKBOM IIpl1CYCTBY MaTepl1jaJIHOr yspoxa, AKO l1MaMO y Bl1AY IIO-
CJIOBl1QHY Apl1CTOTeJIOBy 06a3pl1BOCT IIPl1JIl1KOM pasxrarparsa CrrOpHl1X MeCTa l1
TeMa, OBO MaJIOQaC l13peQeHO, 6H 3al1CTa Morao 6l1Tl1 nan-an pa3JIOr 3aIlITO none-
HyTl1X <pl1JI030<pa HeMa y nacycy OA Met.98366 AO Met.984a18.
OBa apryvearanaja, xoja AO cana l1 nenyje peJIaTl1BHO YBepJbl1BO, cyoaasa
ce ca rrp06JIeMl1Ma xana ce ynarano 3aIlITO ce l1CTl1 xparepajyv He MO)Ke IIpl1Me-
Hl1TI1 l1 na nocnemse y Hl13Y l130CTaBJbeHl1X IIpeCOKpaTOBaQa, a TO cy aTOMl1CTl1.
Jep xana cy OHl1 y IIl1TalbY Crampannn je HeABOCMl1CJIeH, y Met.98569-10 ce eKC-
IIJIl1Ql1THO xaace na cy JIeYKl1II l1 ,UeMOKpHT IIperr03HaJIH MaTepl1jaJIHH y3pOK, H na
cy TO aa lbHX 6HJIH aTOMH l1 npasnaua. JeAHO OA MoryhHx oojaunsersa sa aecnosra-
lbalbe aTOMl1CTa y OBOM rracycy, xoje HaM je rroHYAHO POc,S je TO na cy OHH XpOHO-
JIOIlIKH AOIlIJIH 3HaTHO xacnaje. Ila IIOAceTHMO,npeva Anononopy, Anaxcaropa je,
osne xao nocnemse paauarpaaa, )KHBeO OA 500/499-428/7 r. rrpe H. e., AOK je rrpe-
Ma HCTOj KJIacH<pHKaQHjl1 ,UeMoKpHT poben QHTaBHX 40 rOAHHa xacnnje, TO jeer
)KI1BeO je OA 460/59-371/0 r, rr. H. e.
<PopMyJIaQHja xojy ApHCTOTeJI KOpHCTH y Meiii.98369 H nan.e je, xao IlITO
TO OH I1Ha'Ie QHHH, BeOMa 6pH)KJbl1BO onaopaaa. EHBCTBO je OIIHcaHO xao HeIlITO
IlITO casro ocraje rpajao AOK ce Melba y CBojcTBHMa (7l"a:to:;).6 CTpHKTHO ronopehn,
CTarHpaHHH He xasce na ce Melbajy csojcrsa, seh na ce 6l1BCTBO Melba nocpen-

5 W. D. Ross, Aristotle's metaphysics I, Oxford 1997, p. 128.

" TCIllKO npcuornma rp'!Ka llHIIIC3Ha'IHHl\a rr<iJo, jc onne npenenena xao "CllOjCTllO". KOI1 Hac cc rr<iJo,
UpCBOAH H xao "uoj~,lla", "upoMc?,1a", "McHa',:' a La~~n jc npenona xao ::TprrHocT";, MHa'Ie, rr~o, jOIII
3Ha'm H "A0)l(HBJbaj , "HCKYCTBO , "HCBOJha , ,,3JIO , "IIYIllCBHO CTalhC , "cTpacT , "Aorai)aj , "OCC-
TJbHIlOCT", "MeHa rnacona"... Bonic jc npenonu ca "die Eigenschaft", a Ros na noucnyro« MecTY ca
"modification" , a na HCKHM APyrHM MCCTHMa ca "affection". 3alIIIMJhlIBO jc BIIACTII H KaKO faBCJIa II
Jly-mh npenone I~CO PC'ICHIIl\C Y KOMC cc cnosnm.c pc'! mi3-o,. OHO UITO Ladan npenona ca ,,'ICMy
6IIBCTBO npeocrajc !10K ce MHjclha y TPUHOCTHMa", faBCJIa UPCBOAII na CJICAchH Ha'mH: ",l],OK CYU-
CTaHIla II lIaJI,C rpaje UOA pa3HIIM Ha3HBIIMa", a nY'IHh OBaKO: "a '!CMy / cyurracrno ocraje HCTO Me-
n.ajyh» -ccnoja» crau.a", CaMO 'ICTIlOPOCTPYKO onpehea,e iiaiiixoca ApHCTOTeJI HaM naje y Ll KlhH3H
cnoje Meiiiatpustuce y naparparpy 1022615-21.

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Mp )l(CJhKO Kanybeponah: TAnEC - PO,IJ.OHAqEnHI1K <l>I1n030<I>I1JE

CTBOM 1h1lX, ocrajyhn npn TOM CaMO aerrpowerseno. Hera npllpOAa je o-rysaaa xax
II AOK 'rprnr npeaaa-ren,a. ¥lJIlI, 1I3 n.e "HacTajy CBe OCTaJIe crnapn, AOK OHa ocraje"
(Met.93618). Tpajaocr lIJIlI CTaJIHOCT y CBOjOj corrcrsenoj npapona AOK ce nonspra-
sa npoaeuasra, je xapax'repncraxa 611BCTBa xoja ce aarnamaaa y OBOM ~lITaTY 1I3
Meiiuupusuxe.' ElIBCTBO je, y crsapa, OBAe pa3YMJheHO xao OHO nonnezcehe
(vrroxefp,evov) CBeKOJIlIKlIX npoaena." ApllCTOTeJI je 3aTlIM, y Met.983613-16 xao
anycrpauajy yseo nojenaaa-mor lJOBeKa, KOHKpeTHo COKpaTa. I1Pll TOM je, aa je-
AaH aa csoje cnyuraoue 6JI1I3aK II rtpaxaarrsaa HalJlIH nojacnao, na xao urro 0 Co-
xpary He xaacesro na je caCBlIM nacrao y rpeayrxy xana je nocrao nerr lIJIlI o6pa-
30BaH,9 OH, raxohe, naje HII neerao onora rpeayrxa xana 1I3ry611 OBa caoja craisa,
jep lIMa HeUITO urro CBe spesre nepsncrapa, UITO je nonneacehe, a TO je caM Co-
KpaT.1O KOHalJHO, y Met.983617-18 Crarnpaaan xasce na II xpajtse HalJeJIO Jon.ana
ocraje aerrpouetseno y 6I1BCTBy, nonspraaajyha ce I1CTOBpeMeHo He6pojeHIIM MO-
AIIqmKa~I1j asra.
Y aacrasxy npebannser nacyca ApIlCTOTeJI naje najpannja rrpaxas nornena
rrpsor qmJI030cPa npapone (Met.983618-27):

MeljyTIIM, CBII He Ap)l(e I1CTO nrro ce
TIIlJe MHO)l(I1He II BpCTe rora no-rena,
Hero Tanec (3alJeTHIIK TaKBe cPIIJI030-
cPIIje) xaace KaKO je TO BOAa (sfior xera
je II I13jaBJhIlBaO na 3eMJha nnyra na BO-
All), nouranma MO)l(Aa AO Te nperno-
CTaBKe jep je BIIAIIO na je xpaaa csexry
BJIa)l(Ha II na casra TOnJIIIHa nacraje I13
nnare II no Ihoj )l(I1BH (a OHO I13 xera
urro nacraje TO je H nOlJeJIO cnera) -
AaKJIe, OA rora je I13BeO Ty nperno-
crasxy II 360r 'rora nITO cjeuea,e CBIIX
CTBapIl liMa BJIa)l(HY aapas II urro je
BJIa)l(HIIHaMa BOAa nOlJeJIO HapaBII.11
TO p,eVTOI rrA0;}0~ xa] TO e~o~ T0~ TOlavT'Y)~
ae%~~ OU TO aUTO 7TaJ)Te~ Ae?"OUO"IV, aMa
eaA0~ p,ev /; T0~ TOlaVT'Y)~ aeX'YJ1'O~
CPIAolTocpfa~ v~we elva! CP'Y)ITIV (~IO xal TnV 'Y0v
ecp' v~aTO~ arr8cpr;vaTO elvtu), Aa(3wv i'ITW~ TnV
vrroA'Y)if;lv ex TOU navnov /;eav Tnv TeOcpnV
v'Yeav oOlTav xal aUTO TO ;}eeP,Ov ex TOVTOU
'YI'YlI0p,8VOV xal TOVTlp (wv (TO ~' e~ 00
?,f'YlleTaI, TOUT' elTTlv aexn rravTwv), ~Ia TE
~n TOUTO TnV vrroA'Y)rf;lv Aa(3wv TaVT'Y)V, xal ~Ia
TO ttavtasv Ta lT7Teep,aTa TnV CPVITIV v?'eav
exelV, TO ~' v~we aexnv T0~ cpvlTew~ eTval TO/~
v'Yeo/~.

7 CncKyJIaTIIBHO pC'ICHO, pana ce 0 TOMC na OHO nITO cryna y pa3JIIIKY ca C060M 113BOpHO ocrajc jCA-
HaKO cc611.
8 DIIBCTBO je sacnrypno y jCAHOM na)KHOM CMIICJIY nonnexehc, a TRap je aeponaruo OCHonHII nllA nOAJIC-
)Kchcr. 0 TOMC ApllCTOTCJI rnnne y 3. maBII VII Klhllrc,xao IIy 1. maBII VIII Klhllrc Meiiuupusuxe.
~ Jlanan y CBOM rrpesony ueponarao CJICAII Boaaua, rra rp'IKII npnnea fl-OUU1}(O, rtpcnonn ca "o6pa30-
BaH", lIITO II jCCTC jC/IHO, 1II1IpC, 01\ H,crOBIIX 3Ha'ICIha. Poe onaj npanes npenonn ca "musical" ("My-
3I1KaJIaH"), IIITO je n.eroso. aKO TaKO MO)KCMO pehn, y)KC 3Ha'ICIhC.
10 CJIII'IHO ApllCTOTCJI nllIIIC II y Kaiueiopujaua ronopehn 0 0AJIIIKaMa 6I1BCTBa. IIocJICAH,a pC'ICHlIIla
113 Catt. 4alO-21 rnaca:
Haiipuujep HeKU '/OBjeK, uatco je jegaH U (olov /; Ti, av:.1eW7fO" eT, }(ai /; aUTO, '"V, OTE fl-EV
uciiioejeiiian, MOJICe tiueaiiiu caga 6uje- AW}(O, OTE ~E fl-EAa, yfveTa/, xa} :.1eefl-0, }(ai if;uxeo"
JlUM a caaa U{JHU.M, caga iiiOl1J1UM a caga }(ai <pavAo, }(ai (J"7fou~aio,.).
xnaouuu, caga noiuuu a caga ooopu»:
Ilpes. <1>. I'prah. ApIlCTOTCJI, Kaiueiopuje, XpB. CBCy'I. HaKJI., 3arpc6 1992, CTp. 511153, nAaI8-21.
11 IIpCB. T. Jlanan. ApIlCTOTCJI, Meiiiatpusutca, Jlntiep, 3arpc6 1985, CTp. 10 II 11, nap. 983618-27. Ka-
lla y Met.983620-21 name na je Tanec ,,3a'lCTHIIK 'raxse q)llJI030q)lljC" MIICJIII CC, HapanHO, Ha <jlIfJIO-
30<jllfjy Koja Tpara 3a jCi\IfHCTBCHIIM MaTcplfjaJIHIfM y3pOKOM CBIIX cTBapll. Y npcBoAY Met.983622

205
 IlEJJ:AfOIliKA CfBAPHOCT, LIT, 3-4 (2006), Hom! Call

Y Be3I1 ca OBI1M HaBOAOM I13 MeiUacjJU3UKe je I1 CJIeAehI1 nacyc I13 CITI1ca 0

uetiy (294a28-29461):

Ilpyrn csrarpajy na 3eMJba JIe)KI1 na of ~' erp u~aTo~ xe/u:Jw. TOUTOll yaq
BOAI1. To je, YOITIlITe, aajcrapnje MI1- aqxa/OTaTOll naqe/Anrpap,ell TOll AOYOll, 011 ipaatv
urn.en,e 0 OBOMe, a aesyje ce sa liMe eineiv eaMjll TOll M/AnU/Oll, w~ ~/a TO nAWTl)lI
ellla/ p,ellouuall W(J7Teq fVAoll 0 T/ TO/OUrOll [Teqoll
Taneca MI1JIehaHI1Ha. ITo IheMy, 3e-
(xa] yaq TOVTWlI en' aeqo~ p,ell ou3'ell nerpuxe
MJba ocraje HenOMWlHa 3aTO IIlTO ITJII1-
p,elle/lI, aM' erp' u~aTO~), W(J7Teq OU TOll aUTOll
aa norryr npae ra, I1JII1 Heqer CJII1qHOr, AOYOll OllTa neq; Tij~ yij~ xa] TOU u~aTO~ TOU
jep HI1'IeMy OA osora HI1je caojcrseao OXOUlITO~ Tl)l1 yijll' Ou~e yaq TO u~wq nerpuxe
ITO npHpOAI1 na MI1pyje y Ba3AYXY, a je- p,elle/ll p,eTewqoll, aM' en! T/110~ effT/lI.
CTe na BOAI1, xao na ce CBe I1CTO He 6I1
MOrJIO pehn H 0 BOAI1. HaI1Me, BOAH
jennaxo TaKO HI1je caojcrseao na ce
AP)KI1 y Ba3AYXY, neh ce OHa yBeK HaJIa-
3I1 y HeQeMy.12

Y KIhH3I1 0 aytuu ABa MeCTa cy HHAI1KaTHBHa, H TO: 405a19-21 I1 411a7-8. Ha

ITpBOnoMeHyToM ApI1CTOTeJI ITI11I1e:

qI1HH ce na je H Tanec, no OHOMe IIlTO [ooa ~e xa; eaAij~ ef Jill anop,lI'Yjp,ollevouu/

cnosran.y, CXBaTI10 AYIllY xao OHO xoje X/lI'YjTmOll T/ Tl)l1 r/;uXl)lI lJ7ToAa(3e/lI, ei'rreq TOll
noxpehe aKO TBPAI1 Aa MameT liMa AY- M3'oll [rp'Yj !/;uXl)lI [xe/lI, OT/ TOll u!~'Yjqoll }(Il1el.
Illy jep npHBJIaQH )KeJbe30. 13

nmuc "WJllIaBIlIll MO)l(lIa 1~0 TC upeiuiiociuaetce" (Kyp3111l Ham,:>K. K), a y Me/.983625 "Oil 'rora je 113-
IlCO ry I1pelTtaoclTtaOKy" (Kyp3111l Ham, :>K. K). Ha 06a MCCTa y 0p"ruHaJIY croja llMCHllI\a )l(CHCKOr
pOl\a 7) ,nroA'Y}if;" xojy, 1l11l\llMO, Jlanan npcnonn ca "npcTnocTaIlKa" (llCTO 'HlHll II JJ:. nY'Hlh y CIIOM
npcnony A xa.nrc Meiiuupueuxe; E. Taucna KOI\ rrpcnona ncror cnnca npno MCCTO npenona ca "OHje
6C3 CyMH,C nomao 110 Oilor aeponaa.a'', a l\pyro ,,360r oaaxaor aanaacan.a OH jc npnxaarno raj Ha-
'llIH rncnan.a"). <!>0pMaJIHO rJICl\aHO, urrOA'Y}if;" y jCI\HOM Oil caojnx sua-rca,a jCCTC II npCTlIOCTaIlKa, a
Jlanan jc BCp(lBaTHO ynorpctino onaj TCPMllR cnenchn APIlCTOTCJIOIl otiaapnn TOH xana roaopn 0
Tanccy, a MO)l(l\a II npCIlOI\IIJI<l'IKO peureu,e KOjC je IIOHYl\1I0 Bonie ("die Annahme"). Harne jc Mll-
IIIJhCIhC na rp'IKO urroA'Y}if;" Crarapanan naje y TaKO pcaepnacanow CMllCJIY cranao Y3 Mll~chaHllHa,
neh na OHO, xao IlITO My npyra npcnoun II rosope, y JlaTOM KORTCKCTy 3Ha'HI "MllIJIJI,CH,C nrnr ,,3a-
Mllcao", KaKO yocTaJIOM II Ros cyrepmue y CIIOM npcnony ("notion", mTO MO)l(C 31Ia'HlTll II "nojaM").
Ham npenon (:>K. K) ~CJIor nacyca rnacn onaxo:
"HuaK, He CJ!a:JICy ce COU y uoineoy 6poja U 06J1UKa oooia uauena, ueio Tanec, yiueuen.usiien. iiiaxee
¢UJl030¢uje, Ka:JICe 9a je eoqa [naneno] (360z ueia je U usjaonsuoao aa seu.asa Jle:JICu ua 009U), 90-
Ula01WI MO:JIC9a 90 iiie 3aMUCJlU jep je euoeo 9a je xpana coux 611ha OJW:JICHa, U oa iiioiinoiiia caMa 09
/be l enaie] nacuiaje U UO n.oj :JICUOU (jep 09 ueia [ciiieapu] nacuiajy iuo je U naueno coeia), {OH] je,
oatcne, aoutao 90 [anaciiiuiiie] 3aMllCJlU ua OCHOOY ooe nutoenuue, [tcao] U ua {OCHOOy] [nun.enuue]
9a ceuena coux [ciiioapu] uuajy oJla:JICHY iipupoay, U aa je eooa uaueno upupooe OJlaJlCHUX [ciiiea-
pu]. "
12Ilpen. M. Tacnh. APllCTOTCJI, 0 uetiy, I'parpoc, Bcorpau 1990, CTp.66, II. 294a28-29461.
13Tlpen. M. Cnponnh. ApIlCTOTCJI, 0 9Y1UU, Hanpnjcn, 3arpc6 1987, CTp. 11, n. 405a19-21. 0 TCKcTy
°
cauor I\CJIa De anima, BpCMClIy IhCHOr lIaCTaHKa, aJI1I1I APIlCTOTCJIOIlOj ncaxonoruja yornure, CBaKa-
KO rpefia KOHcyJITOBaTII 1I3IlalIpCI\HY POCOBY KH,lIry Apucuiouien O/l,YillH. W. D. Ross, Aristotle DE
ANIMA, Oxford 1999.

206
Mp )l(CJbKO Kanybepoaah: TAJlEC - PO.!J:OHAqEJlHI1K <l>I1Jl030<l>I1JE

.IJ:a 61I HeUITO narse yCTBpP;lIO:

HeKlI 'rapne na je nyura nosmjeurana y xat e]) TfiJ oAq; 3i TI])e~ aUT7)]) /l-e/l-I:r/faf caatv,
qlITaBOM csexrapy. flo TOMe je MO)KJla II o:fe]) ;O-W~ xat eaMj~ rbi;:J-r; lTfl-])Ta 1T:Ai;(}'Y) :few])
Tanec nOMlICJIlIO na je CBe nyno 60ro- er])al.
aa.!"

flPlIJIlIKOM peKOHCTpYlICaIba nonenyrnx AplICTOTeJIOBlIX lICKa3a najseiuhe

ce y npan nJIaH 1I3BJIaqe cnenehe TplI Te3e:
1. 3eMJba nJIlIBa na BOP;lI (Met.983621-22; Cael.294a28)
2. Bona je MaTeplIjaJIHlI Y3POK CBlIX crnapa (y Met.983619-21 ce roaopn 0 BO-
P;1I xao HaqeJIY, a HeWTO panaje y Met.98367 ce xaxce na je sehaaa on np-
BlIX eplIJI030epa caxro OHa rnapaor 06JIlIKa CMaTpaJIa HaqeJIlIMa CBlIX CTBa-
pn)
3. CBe crsapn cy nyae 60roBa (De an.411a7-8; II nonaje ce na je II MarHeT
)KlIB jep lIMa Mon na noxpehe rBO)Klje; De an.40Sa19-21)l5

PeU;lIMO najrrpe HeWTO 0 canoj TepMlIHOJIOmjlI. AplICTOTeJI KOPlICTlI nojaose

xoje Tanec sacarypao naje srorao ynorpecn.anara (lIJIlI 6apeM He ca 3Ha~leIblIMa KO-
ja lIM je npnnaaao AplICTOTeJI), nonyr ,,61IBCTBO" (oufTfa), "CBOjCTBO" (mL:fo~), nacraja-
Ibe y "anCOJIyTHOM" CMlICJIY rj, "yonwTe" ((LrrAW~), .rronneacehe'' (Urroxef/l-e])o])) lIJIlI
"eJIeMeHT" (fTTOIXelo])). Ho II nopen onpeaa KOjlI je CBaKaKO norperiaa, HlIje Hy)KHO 1I3
osora 3aKJbyqlITlI na AplICTOTeJI norpeumo npaxasyje MlIWJbeIbe Taneca II OCTaJIlIX
CBOjlIX npeTXOJlHlIKa. Jep He casro Crarapaunn Hero II I1CTOplIqapl1 epl1JI030epl1je y
61IJIO KOM nooy cy npaayhean na pauaja MI1WJbeIba narepnperapajy je311KoM caora
apeueaa, Hallie je MI1WJbeIbe na Apl1CTOTeJI He nperennyje na, xao WTO HeKI1 aepy-
jy, xaace na je Tanec eKCnJII1U;lITHO rOBOpl10 0 MaTepl1jaJIHOM Y3POKY I1JIlI 0 nexa-
KBOM y~leIbY 0 Y3pOU;I1Ma renepamro, Ben OH )KeJII1 na, 113Meljy OCTaJIOr, 1I3pa311 crapy
(TaJIeCOBY) Te3Y HOB11M (conCTBeHlIM) nojMOM. OBO, naxne, naje HI1KaKBO 1I3HeBepa-
saa.e CTaBOBa npecoxparosaua, jep 611 oana CBaKI1 noxyuraj na ce OHI1 pasyxrejy 61I0
ynanpen ocyhea ua Heycnex, YKOJIlIKO He 61I 6110 nape-ten IblIXOBlIM pe~IlIMa II IblIXO-
BI1M je31IKoM. YOCTaJIOM HII OBe name MlICJIlI HlICY nanncaae na KJIaClI~IHOM rpxxoxr,
Ben na jep;HoM MOJlepHOM je31IKy, aJIlI ce nanaxo na TI1Me HlIje lICKplIBJbeHa 61IT OHO-
ra WTOje AplICTOTeJI xreo na Ka)Ke.16
I'osopeha 0 MlIJIenaHlIMa (osne nocetiao 0 Tanecy) AplICTOTeJI nopen seh
nouenyrnx nojsroaa .rronneacehe" II "eJIeMeHT",l7 KOPlICTlI jenny npyry pe-r, "Ha-

14 Ilpen. M. Cl1pOHHh. ApHCTOTCJI, 0 ayuiu, Hanpajen, 3arpcG 1987, CTp. 27, n. 411a7-8. CJII1'IHO npn-
xaayjy Tanccoso CTaHOlll1IIITe Ilaorcn Jlaeprnje (I. 27) 11 ACTl1je (Il». I. 7.11.).
1, Ony IIII1pOKO pacnpocrpau.eny cacrevaraaanajy cauynauax Apl1CTOTeJIOlll1X CIlCI\O'IaHCTalla 0 Ta-
necy MO)((CMO npoaaha KO!\ Bapacra (1. Burnet), Knpxa 11 Paseaa (G. S. Kirk, J. E. Raven), Bapnca (J.
Barnes), a y Hac KO!~ Bpanxa Ilannonnha.
16 Ilpenohcn,e na npyrn jC311K I1JII1 aa npyrauujy TCXHI1'IKy TCpMI1HOJIOmjy y I1CTOM jC311Ky je, no naua,
I1HTPI1HCI1'IHO HCIIIKOI\JbI1IJO, a epl1JI030epCKI1 rrpexo nOTpcGHO.
17 Kana jc nojaxr rrrolXEloV y nnran.y 1I0CTOjl1 !~I1JICMa na JIll cc OH MO)((C npl1MCHI1TI1 na MI1JIchaHC I1JII1
TeK na HCKC II03HI1jC npecoxparosuc. OnIIIl1pHl1je 0 caMOM 1I0jMY 11 n.eronoj MHoro3Ha'IHoj ynorpe-
611 y ayroponoj KH,11311. )l(CJbKO Kanyhcponnh, Apuciiioiiien II iipeocoxpaiuoeuu, KpI1McJI, HOIlI1
Call 2004.

207
 TIE.IJ:AfOlliKA CTBAPHOcr, LIT, 3-4 (2006), HOB If Can

~IeJIO" (aIlXn), na II3pa3II lhIIXOBO npB06IITHO 6IIBCTBO, xoje lIMa naa snasea,a:
npno, noxerax II3 xojer je pa3HOBpCHII II I1IapOJIIIKII CBeT nacrao; npyro, TpajHy -
OCHOBy n-eronor nocrojan.a Tj. ApIICTOTeJIOBIIM je3IIKoM peseao v7Toxefp,evov. 18 CBe
CTBapII cy je,n;HOM 6IIJIe sona, aKOje OHa apuxe TOjeer no-rerax, II aa epIIJI030epa II3
MIIJIeTa CBe CTBapII cy JOIlI ysex nona, jep ynpKoc nposreaana KojIIMa ce non-
nprasa OHa ocraje IICTO 6IIBCTBO, apuxe IIJIII UXUCUC TO jeer Ha~IeJIO IIJIII npnpona,
Kp03 CBe nposreae, nOIlITO, HapaBHO, HeMa npyror 6IIBCTBa.
Haxo ce II3 Met.983617-18 na 3aKJbyqIITII ,n;a ApIICTOTeJIOB npIIMapHII IIHTe-
pec HIIje 6IIO na yTBp,n;II 6pOjHO crarse yspoxa, II3 Met.983620-21 (na II II3
Met.98366-8) ce yo-rasa na je y lhIIMa, npeuna npehyrno, canpxcaaa uperrtocrasxa
na je pe-r 0 je,n;HOM yspoxy (II TO OHOM MaTepIIjaJIHOM). ApIICTOTeJI y Met.984a28-
29 nopy-ryje na Taneca (II MIIJIehaHe) 'rpefia cMaTpaTII npBIIM MOHIICTIIMa, jep cy
rOBOpIIJIII ",n;a je nonnescehe jenno". Hesta na HaBe,n;eHI1M MeCTIIMa oojaum.eu.a sa-
I1ITO je TO TaKO, aJIII jenao Moryhe pemerse na ce HaCJIyTIITII. KaKO y peJIIIrIIjcKIIM,
TaKO II y epIIJI030epCKIIM, na II HayqHIIM npIIKa3IIMa CBeTa eBII,n;eHTHa je Te)J(lha
rsyncxor yMa sa eKOHOMwlHoIlIhy II je,n;HOCTaBHoIIIhy. MIIJIeTCKII epIIJI030ep je
YTBpl)IIBalheM jennor yspoxa nOKyIIIao OHO I1ITO ce y caaxoj KOHceKBeHTHoj epIIJIO-
30epIIjII nojasn.yje xao lheH npBII CTaB, a TOje na pa3HOJIIIKOCT nojannor CBeTa CBe-
,n;e na jenny nocrasxy,'? IIITO ra, ys OCTaJIO, JIerIITIIMIIIIIe xao 3aqeTHIIKa sananae
nayxe II epIIJI030epIIje.20
AIIJIeMe y IIHTepnpeTaU;IIjII, 'raxohe, ce nojanrsyjy II xana nOKyIIIaMo YTBp-
,n;IITII 3aIIITO je Tanec onaopao 6aIII sony xao HaqeJIO. On ApIICTOTeJIOBOr npesre-
na no HaIlIIIX nana MHO)J(IIJIII cy ce onrosopa na OBO rnrraa.e. MO)J(eMo IIX, rpyoo
roaopehn, nO,l.\eJIIITII Y nse rpyne:
1. MIITCKII II
2. PaU;IIOHaJIHII

1. Pa3JI03II aa II360p none xao naxena KOjI1 y CBOjOj ocnOBII IIMajy pa3JIIIqI1Te MII-
TOBe srory ce, raxohe, no,n;eJIIITII aa nae rronrpyne:
a) YTIIu;aj KOjII je na Taneca II3BpIIIIIJIa ernrrarcxa II BaBIIJIOHCKa MIITOJIOrIIja
6) YTIIu;aj KOjII je na Taneca II3BpIIIIIJIa XeJIeHCKa MIITOJIOmja.

a) Ernnarcxa II BaBIIJIOHCKa U;IIBIIJIII3aU;IIja cy 6IIJIe T3B. "pe~IHe xyrrrype" yrexe-

rsene ua HIIJIy II ,n;BeMa pexana y MeCOnOTaMI1jII (Tarpy II Eyrppary), C 063IIpOM
ua TO na je Tanec sepoaarno 60paBIIo y ErIInTy (II3BecHa nertoysnana cnenoxan-
CTBa rosope II na je TaMO nyro )J(IIBeo), HeKII cy 3aKJbyqIIJIII na je, aa OCHOBy 'rora
IIITO je TaMO Morao YOqIITII na nona 3aY3IIMa BeOMa Ba)J(HO MeCTO y ,l.\oMahIIM MI1-
TOBIIMa, 're Hay'IIITII II3 IICTIIX na sevrsa nJIlIBa na BO,n;II, OH Te rrpaxe jenaocrasno

IK XcrCJI MIfCJIIf I\a je Tanec pC'1 aex'l} Morao ynorperiara casro y CMIfCJIY rrO'ICTKa y BpCMCHy, a HIfKaKO
xao OHO llITO JIC)I(If Y OCHOBIf csera. f. B. <P. Xcrcn, Hciuopuja drunosoibuje I, El1f3, Beorpan 1975,
cTp.43.
10 Hapanno I\a ce 1f3 TC jennc rrOCTaBKC Mopa 1f3BCCTif If clJlfJI030cpCKa pexoacrpyxuaja TOTaJIIfTCTa, TO
jCCT oojaunsauaa,e MHOllITBCHOCTIf CBCTa 1f3 jC)\HOr rrO'ICTHor CTaBa, y OBOM cny-rajy TO je If3 CTaBa
o sonn xao apuxey, Oaaj nocrynax npencraan,a OHO UITO CC 30BC "rrpo6HIfM KaMCHOM" CBaKC clJIfJIO-
30cIJlfjC.
20 Bapucr xaxce na jc Tanec YTCMCJbIfTCJI, MIfJICTCKC IIIKOJIC If "rrpBIf 'IOBCK HaYKc". J. Burnet, Early
Greek Philosophy, Cleveland I962, p. 40.

208
Mp )l(cn,Ko Kanybeponnh: TAJIEC - PO,IJ,OHAlJEJIHI1K <I>I1JI030<l>I1JE

npeneo y XeJIa}J;y, ys ycsajaa.e CTaBa na BO}J;a MOpa 360r csera HaBe}J;eHOr 6lITlI II
rrpaaunn csera, Taxo HeKaKO HaM cyrepmne nnp. ClIMrrJIlIKlIjeB KOMeHTap ApM-
CTOTeJIOBOr CIIMca 0 netiy KOjl1 MO)KeMO nponaha y ,l],K11A14.
6) Ilopebeu,a lI3 rp'-IKe MMTOJIOmje ynyhyjy Hac oner na ApMCTOTeJIa. Kana OH y
rracycy M3 Meiii.983627-33 21 Z060pU 0 Otceany U Teiiiuou, MUCJlU iipe ceeia na ciiiu-
X06e U3 J1Jlujage (XIV, 201 H 246)22 Y xojnaa ce OKeaH rnopnrpmcyje xao rr01IeTaK
fiorona II csera npyror lIITO )KlIBM. ITa je onna, xao urro cy HeKH epMJI030ctm TO II
CMaTpaJIII, XOMep Taj KOjM je npecynno YTMI..\ao na Taneca rrpMJIHKOM M360pa BO}J;e
xao Ha'-IeJIa.23
Moryhn YTI1I..\aj ernnarcxe, BaBI1JIOHCKe H rp-nce MHTOJIOmje carypno He
rperia nornetsnaara 11 OHe cy aecymsaso OCTaBllJIe Tpara na MMCJIHMa npBMX qm-
JI030epa. Hnax, He rpetia HX HlI npeueu.naara, HapOllJ1TO He na Ha'-IHH na je Tanec,
peI..\HMO, O}J; Ernnhana nay-tao na je BO}J;a Ha1leJIO CBlIX craapn, jep 0 TOMe HeMa HH-
KaKBHX nOy3}J;aHHX CBe}J;O'-IaHCTaBa. Tpe6a 3a}J;p)KaTlI jacny pesepny npexra TaKBHM
XlInOTe3aMa, jep OHe cy najseurhe caxro aacnyhaaan,a xoja cy nanonreaa ca 3aMH-
TepeCOBaHornhy xoja je H3JIa3HJIa M3BaH OKBlIpa HenplICTpaCHOCTM.

21 Kojn rnacn:
HMa UX KOjU iipeuuiociiiaensajy KaKO U JbY- eloi Ji rive; 01' xal TOU, rrap,rraAa/ov, xal rroAu rreo
gil Y ga(J/tUIIlI, MIIOZO iipuje caaauuoei ua- '1'0, vilv revio-ew, xa; rreIVTOV, :JeoAorno-avTa, OUTW,
pauuiia]a, xoju cy iipau yMoaaAu 0603UMa, oiOllraf nee; Tij~ cpUr.r8W) IJ7roAafJeiv' nxeal/oJ) T8 rae
lIciiio iitatco uuuuuaxy 0 napaeu. OIlU cy xal Tr;:Juv iTroir;o-av '1'0, revio-ew, rraTiea" xai TOV
«ao poouiiien.e iiociiuuuca uociliaeunu oexov TWV :Jowv iJJwe, TnV xaAovp,ivr;v vrr' aVT(!JV
LTVra TWV rrOlrjTWV' TIp,ul)TaTOV p,ev rae TO
Oueaua U Tetiiuay U KaJICY KaKO iipuceia
7f(jurpVTaTOlJ, 0(1)(0) 38 TO TIIUWTaTOJ,l BUT/V.
tiosuua tiujauie aooosc «ojy tijecnuuu lIa311-
aaxy C!UlIKC. Jep uajnacnuje je 0110 tuiiio je
najciuopuje, a tuiiio je najnacuuje lUO je II
iipuceia.
TIpCB. T. Jlanan. ApIlCTOTcn, Meiiiatbusutca, Jlnficp, 3arpc6 1985, CTp. 11, nap. 983627-33. Ilon
OHIIM "IlMa IIX xoju npcrnocraan.ajy" Apncrorcn nepona-nro Mllcnll na TInaT<JHa, xojn y Kpaiiiuny II
Teeiueiu» yxasyje na Xcpaxnur II n.eronn npcTxOIIHIIl\1I xao qJlln03mjlll llyKy xopcnc Oil Xoxrepa,
XCCIIOIW II Oprpcja, TInaToH ynyhyje na Oxeaua II TCTIII\Y na IICTIl Ha'IIlH na xojn TO 'IIlHII APIICTO-
'rcn y OBOM l\IlTaTY, na 'IaK y Teeiiieiiiy 1816 KOPIlCTIl II IlCTy pC'I xojy MO)«CMO nponahu y
MelTi.983628 rraWTraAalov, ("n,YIIIl y lIaBHIIHIl", nocnonno "caCIlIIM crap").
22 ROZJlCgajMo uaeeaene ciuuxoee 113 Xouepoee Hnnjanc XIV, 200-201:
HgeM ga euauu seumu MIIOZOXpalwj xpajeee eliu rae Or/;op,ivr; rroAv!poef3ov rreleam ralr;"
xpajn.e 'Dxwvov Te :Jewv riveo-Iv xa] p,r;Tiea Tr;!7Uv.
H Okeana, iipausoop natu, U Teiiuury MajKy,
TIpCIl. M. H. 'Bypllh. XOMCp, Hnujaaa, I.p.o. MaT. cpncxe, H. Can 1985, CTp. 345, XIV nenaa,e, 200-
201 CTIIX.
Ilpyi« tiuiiia« uuiiiaiu je cneaehu (I1nlljal\a, XIV 244-248):
CaaKOZ gpyzoz ja 6ux oa ecnuux tioioea AaKO rnov p,ivXcV erwre :Jewv aletreVeTawv
Moz '0 yciiaoaiii', -ta« U otceancxusc eoaaua a(lJle gela xaTWVno-alp,I, xal av norauoio gie:Jea
la 61lX ycila« '0, a one 110'leiUaK cy caeza tuiiio »cueu; '(1xeavov, ;;~ 1T8fl 'reVerT/) 1TaVT8fTrTl TETVxTat·
Ami lie 611x ja xiiieo iipuciuyiiuiiut Kpouoey CUllY Zr;vo, J' oux av erwre Kooviovo; &'o-o-ov ixoip,r;v
HUlUU 61lX H>cza yct7aa '0, ceM aKO caM 6u Mil peK '0. OV38 xaT8VVnfTalp/, OT8 ~i} aVioq 1"8 X8A8VOI.
TIpCB. M. H. 'Bypllh, XOMCp, l1.flujaga, Lp.o. MaT. cpncKc, H. Call 1985, C'rp. 346, XIV IICBaILC, 244--
248 CTIIX.
23 J~()ilaTfIa Bcp311ja Koja CC IIOMIIH,C jc na cy XOMCpOll1l "OKcaH - tjJparMCHTII" npCTpncnll CHa)J(aH
yTlIIlaj 6nIlCKOIICTO'IHIIX MlIl'Onorllja, na CC OHl\a olla nOJ~BaplljaHTa TpCTllpa Kao l\lIpCKTaH yTII1laj
HaTaneca H3 rp'IKC MIlTonorlljc, a nocpeilaH 113 erllIIal'CKe IIllaBIIJIOHCKC.

209
 IlE}J;AfOIIIKA CfBAPHOCf, LIT, 3-4 (2006), HOBI1 Cart

Pa3JIMKa xoja ce nojann.yje y nna ApMCTOTeJIOBa uasona, xoja rosope 0 TO-

Me na 3eMJba nJIMBa na BO,o;M, je na ce y cnacy 0 netiy (294a28-33), sa pa3JIHKy 0,0;
Meiiuubusutce 983618-27, jour Ka:>Ke na OHa "nmma nonyr npnera, HJIM aexera
CJIM'IHOr". aBO HaM yxasyje aa jenny H3pa3HTY xapax'repncraxy npecoxparcxor
MHllIJbelba, xoja je HecyMlbHBO YTHQaJIa na noroise epHJI030epe, na H na castor
ApHCTOTeJIa. Pe-r je 0 TOMe na cy 0,0; Taneca na nanarse aaanorajcxe nnycrpauaje
H apryvetrra npHJIH'IHO 'IeCTH.24 AHaJIOrHje cy ce xarxan H3JIaraJIe ca 3HaTHOM ,0;0-
MHllIJbaTollihy (xao nnp. OHa XHnOJIHTOBa 0 AHaKcHMeHy H3 xoje npeHOCHMO ca-
MO neo y npenony AaMHpa CaJIOneKa: "Ka:>Ke na ce snajesne He oxpehy non 3e-
MJbY, ... Hero OKO 3eMJbe, HCTO xao llITO ce OKO Halle rnase OMaTa nOBOj".
.IJ.KI3A7), H CBaKaKO cy HMaJIe onrosapajyhy Ba:>KHOCT aa rrpse MMCJIHOQe. OHe no-
nexan Mory na aa 3aHHMJbHB Ha'lHH ooacjajy HeKO cyBonapHo nanaraa.e MJIH na
onaxurajy pasysreaaa.e nexor 'reurxor npemrera. OHe Mory 6HTH xopncne H y ua-
roaeurraaarsy HeKHX CHHTe3a HJIH nocyhaaan.y reHepaJIH3aQHja.25 Hexe 0,0; OBHX
OQeHa carypao ce Mory O,o;HOCHTH H aa noxreayry TaJIeCoBy nporo-arranornjy,
qHHH HaM ce na ce H3 nasenenor MeCTa y 13. rJIaBH II KlbHre cnaca 0 netiy
MO:>Ke jour neurro HllI'IHTaTH. Tanec je, aKO je TO ,o;OHCTa pexao, nOHy,o;HO npsa He-
MHTOJIOlliKH onrosop na crajahn np06JIeM y Ta,o;allIlboj rpnxoj HaYQH. Taj np06JIeM
je KO,o; ApHCTOTeJIa H3JIO:>KeH ca H3BaHpe,o;HOM JIYQH,o;HOllihy (Cael.294aI2-20). ABa
rrpeosnahyjyha MHllIJbelba H nse oxarnenae HCTHHe yspoxyjy onronapajyhy nore-
urxohy. fIpBO, 3eMJba je, HeMa cysm.e, y cran.y MHpOBalba H npyro, 3eMJba ce na-
JIa3H y cpemmrry cBeMHpa.26 TaJIeCOBO peuren.e napanoxca, ,,3eMJba JIe:>KH na BO-
na", He Hy,o;H 6eCMHCJIeHe rnpns,e, rtorryr KceHoepaHOBHX (Cael.294a23), seh paua-
OHaJIlIO Tpa:>KH onrosop, HCTHHa, nopa-ryha ,o;pyry Te3Y ua je 3eMJba y cpennurry."

2. PaQwoHaJIHHX TyMa'lelba ysobea.a none xao a(}xf; -a HMa, raxobe, HeKOJIHKO:

a) To cy najnpe OHa xoja cncuaa.y nocpenan-ncy ynory Xnrrona
6) fIOTOM OHa xoja ce ocnan.ajy na nOKpeTJbWBOCT H JIaKy npeTBOpJbHBOCT none,
H
Q) Ona xoja uonesyjy sony ca w,o;ejoM :>KWBOTa.

24 Hajrnaconrrrnjc ananornje MCljy npecoxparonnaaa CC, neponarno, HaJla3C y EMnC)"IOKJlOBI1M rppar-

MCHTI1Ma (}J;K 31E84 11 E100). AJlI1 npasrepa Mory 611TI1 nponahena KO)"l rOTOBO cnaxor panor rp-r-
xor MI1CJlI1Ol~a.

25 Hapasno, ananorajcxov 113J1araILy MI1CJlI1, a OC0611TO 3aKJhy'IlIBaH,y no aaanoraju, ce nopen n0311-

TI1BHI1X KBaJlI1¢I1KaI~l1ja Mory aspeha 11 onronapajyha npl1rOBOpl1. OCHOBHI1 HCnOCTaTaK 3aKJhY'IKa
no auanoraja jc u.crona Hcnoy3)"1aHOCT, xoja je HapO'II1TO aspaaceua aKO jc name yKylIHO anaa,c 0
npCnMCTI1Ma 0 xojava saxn.y-ryjeuo no ananoraja CKpOMHO, 3aTI1M, aKO je 6poj n03HaTlIX CJlI1'IHO-
CTI1 Mcljy IhI1Ma MaJlI1, 11 KOHa'IHO, aKO cy H,I1XOBa 3ajcnHI1'IKa cnojcrna MalhC 611THa on OHI1X xoja 11M
HI1CY 3ajC)"IHI1'!Ka.
26 Tp-nca pc'! p,c-relJJeO, (Cael.294a14, 294a16) CCM IIITO 3Ha'II1 "YBI1C )"I113a'm", "nO)"ll1rHYT", I1MaJOIII jC)"IHO
3Ha'ICIhC KOjC y HCIIITO CJl(60)"lHI1jCM IIpCBO)"ly rnacn: "OHO nITO Jlc6nl1 y CpCnl1HI1 nasnyxa" (p,BTa,
EWea 11J111 a;wea). Haure jc MI1IllJhCIhC na jc API1CTOTCJI I1Mao y Bl1ny OBO nOCJlc/\IhC 3Ha'ICIhC na naa
HaBCnCHa MCCTa. Y npesony M. Tacnha onaj 6HTaH ccrsrerrr naje Ha3Ha'ICH. ApI1CTOTCJI, 0 uetiy,
Fparpoc, Beorpau 1990, CTp. 65.
27 TaJlCCOBI1 lIaCJlCnHI1I~I1, npascehyjyha IICnpl1KJlal1110cT IhcrOBC TC3C, Hynl1J111 cy npyra pemeu.a. 11
caM API1CTOTCJI jc y uacrasxy noaeayror TCKCTa Kpl1'fHKOBaO Tancca, aJlI1 CBC OBO, no nasra, HC
yuan.yjc rope 113pC'ICHy KOIICTaTaI~l1jy 0 H,crOBOMnonpnaocy y pCllIaBalhY nOMcHyTI1X np06J1CMa.

210
 Mp )KCJhKO Kanybeponnh: TAJIEC - POJJ:OHA '-IEJIHI1K <l>I1JI030<I>I1JE

a) CIIMnJIIIKIIjc HaM IIpCHOCII (Phys.23, 21 ,r:J;KI1A13) Il3BO));C Il3 jC));HOr Teorppa-

CTOBor CIIIlca y KOjCM ce Tanec Il XIlIIOH 3ajC));HO rpernpajy xao p0));OHa'lCJIHIlI~Il
CTaBa na je BO));a MaTcpIljaJIHIl y3pOK csera, Xanon je ayrop KOjIl je HCr));C y npyroj
IIOJIOBIlHII IICTor BCKa npc name epe O)KIlBCO Il MO));IIcP"KoBao TaJICCoBy anejy 0
BO));Il xao HaqCJIy. Ka)KCMO MO));IIcP"KoBao C 063IlpOM na TO na CC ys lbcrOBO IlMC
'IeCTO BC3yjC TC3a 0 rrocrojan.y nna Ha'lCJIa: jC));HOM TOIIJIOM (sarpa) Il jC));HOM
XJIa));HOM (BO));a), IlJIIl CC IIaK CIIOMIllbC xao Ha'lCJIO, na jenan ));OCTa HCO));PCl)CH Ha-
'IIlH, HCKa anara (,r:J;K38A3, 38A10; 38A6). MO)KCMO CC yrrararn KaKBy TO IIOCPC));-
aajnaa,e BCK,
HIl'lKY ynory MO)KC na arpa MIlCJIIlJIall, KOjIl je CBOjc CTaBOBC Il3HOCIlO
a Mo)K));a Il BIIWC, HaKOHTaneca? 3ap CTBapIl HC 6Il .rpeoano TYMaqIlTIl na 06pHyT
Ha'IIlH? Y TCOcPpaCTOBOM cxpaheaou IIpIlKa3Y TaJICCOBOr CTaBa KOP"CT" CC BCO-
Ma CJIII'IHa cPpa3COJIOrIlja xao y ApIlCTOTCJIOBOM Il3BCWTajy Il3 Met. 983618-27. Y
lbcMy CC, IIIIaK, nonaje jour jenna IIpcTIIocTaBKa sa TaJICCOB Il360p BO));C xao Ha'IC-
JIa, a TO je na cc "MpTBall,Il cyure" (Ta. VcxeOUIJ-cva f'YJea/vcTaI) (,r:J;Kll A13.18).28
HCKIl cy CMaTpaJIIl na je osaj ));CO, y CTBapII, npnnonar OA CTpaHC APIlCTOTC-
JIa, KOjIl je snao aa XIlnOHOBC CTaBOBC, a nOTOM npener AaJhC KO)); Teocppacra Il
CIlMnJIIlKIlja. )l,OCTa cPIlJI030cPa je aa oCHOBy Moryhcr XIlnOHOBor ayropcrsa osor
));O));aTKa Il3BCJIO 3aKJhY'laK na je npB06IlTHa nepsaja 0 BO));II sao Ha'ICJIy CBIlX CTBa-
pII uajnpe 6IlJIa Il3JIO)KCHa KO)); castor XIlIIOHa, na 6Il TCK nOTOM 6HJIa npojexrosa-
na ynasan, 0)); CTpaHC HCKor nepnnarera-rapa HJIH JIH'IHO ApHCTOTCJIa, na Taneca.
MH HHCMO CKJIOHH na noaepyjeno y OBy BCP3Hjy. Hajnpe 360r 'lHlbCHHlI,C na CBC
UITO ce 3Ha 0 XIInoHy BCOMa je OCKYAHO II npIIJIH'IHO nenoysnano, rra je Moryhc no-
CYMlbaTII y ayTcHTwlHOCT CBaKC, HJIII rOTOBO CBaKC, Il3pC'ICHC TBPAlbC Y BC31I ca
lblIM. Ilan.e, MO)KC 6IlTH na je XIIIIOH IIMaO CHa)KHO "IICHXOJIOWKO H cPII31I0JIOIllKO"
IIHTcpCCOBalbC xao IllTO TO 6CJIC)KII ApHCTOTCJI (De an.40561-5). AJIIl na jc OH
IIpCHCO ca XIlIIoHa na Tarreca TaKO KpYI~IljaJIHIl CTaB ca KOjIlM 3aIIO'lHlbC csoj XOI~
'IIlTaBa 3aIIa):\Ha cPIlJI030cPIlja ACJIyjc HaM xpajn,e Hcy6c):\JhIlBO, MaKap Il 360r IIoAa-
TKa na je 0 YMHIlM cnocooaocraua 'IOBCKa 0 KOMC je PC'I (XIlnOHa) ApIlCTOTCJI
IlMao BCOMa HHCKO MHWJhClbC. Kana y Met.984a2-3 Ka)KC na ce Tanec TaKO nsja-
CHIlO 0 IIpBOM Y3POKY, CTarIlpaHIIH O));MaX IIOTOM nonaje (Met.984a3-5) Il na XIlIIO-
na HIlKO HC 6Il yBpCTIlO MCl)y TaKBC MIICJIIlOll,C, a TO 06pa3JIa)KC IIPllJIWIHO
29
OIllTpOM KOHCTaTall,lIjoM na je pa3JIOr TOMC 6C3BPCAHOCT XlInOHOBIIX MHCJIII.
6) Pa3JIOr KOjII jc HCKHM MOACpHIlM MIICJIIlOll,IIMa Il3rJICAaO BCOMa y6CAJhIlB
jc 'lIllbCHIIlI,a na je BOAa jCAIlHa raap xoja MO)KC y 3aBIICHOCTH OA npoueae TCMIIC-
parype MClbaTI1 CBa TpIl arperaraa cran.a: '1BPCTO, TC'IHO Il raCOBIlTO. Y3 OBO je
I1WJIa Il KOHCTaTall,Hja na jc Ta nojasa 6HJIa O'ICBIIAHa, na H cKcncpHMCHTaJIHO npo-
30
BCpJhIIBa, H y TaJICCOBO BpCMC. CyMlbaMo, nnax, na je Tanec HMao OBaKaB n03H-
THBHo-Hay'lHlI rtpncryrt npHJIHKOM paswarpaa,a CTBapH, II na jc 113 aHaJIH3C pa3HIlX
XCMl1jCKIIX npoueca H3BOAII0 CBOjC cPIIJI030cPCKC 3aKJhY'IKC.
B) TYMaqClbC xoje je BcpOBaTHO Haj6JIlI)Kc TaJICCOBOM BHl)ClbY CTBapIl jc
OHO xoje TC3Y Aa je BOAa Ha'lCJIO csera H3BOAIl H3 KOHCTaTall,Hjc Aa OHa cyurnmcxa

28 Onaj J\OJ\aTaK MO)((I~a nMa HCKC BC3C ca XnIlOHOM KOMe ce npnnncyje cnn-ma rnpnn.a y JJ:K38All
Anon. JIoJlJ\.xI, 22, rj. YjC1IHOM I1CpnrraTCTll'IKOM ll3BOPY.
29 Hnnrra 6J1a)((11 APIICTOTCJI aaje HII y De anA0562, jep n TaMO sa Xnnona Ka)((C na je "l\ocaJ\HlIjlI"
("rrpocTlIjlI") (ipOeTf){(;'rceWv).
30 OBaKBO CTaHOBIIIlITC aacryna EapHCT. J. Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy, Cleveland 1962, p.49.

211
 IlEJJ:ArOlIlKA CTBAPHOCT, LIT, 3-4 (2006), HOBl'! Call

na pa3JIHqlITe aasnne sa )KlIBOT, llITO ce yo-rasa II lI3 Met.983618-27. Beaa lI3Meljy

TOnJIOTe II )KlIBOTa )KlIBlIX 6lIha, BlIAJblIBa II rOJIlIM OKOM, 6lIJIa je narnauraaaaa
xao CYlliTlIHCKa II Kay3aJIHa y aHTlIqKOM csery MHoro name Hero llITO je TO nanac
cny-raj. AplICTOTeJI caM rosopa, na APyroM MecTy, 0 ,,)KlIBOTHOj TOnJIOTlI" (:7e(1{J-oT'Yj;
!/;vx1xn) (rA762a20)Y IIplIJIlIKOM CMpTIi nexor )KlIBOr 6lIha ABe crsapa cy ce OAMax
AeIlIaBaJIe. TeJIo ce XJIaAlI II lICTOBpeMeHO nocraje CyBO. Pe-r U'Y(10; yCJIeA OBlIX aco-
uajauaja y rpqKOM yMy je 6lIJIa peq ca 60raTlIM 3HaqelheM II nnje je TaKO jenno-
CTaBHO 3aMeHlITlI ca HeKlIM HaIlIlIM eKBlIBaJIeHTOM. Carypno je Haj60Jbe npesecra
je ca "MOKap", "BJIa)KaH", "BOAeH" aJIlI y3 CTaJIHO noncehan,e na n.erony ceuan-
TlIqKY n03aAlIHy.32
OHO IlITO he sepoaarao OCTaTlI ennrva aa CBa apexreaa je KaKO II rne nony-
hll I.I,pTY xoja he pasrpamrta'ra OHO IlITO je lI3BOpHO TaJIeCOBO OA oaora llITO npeu-
CTaBJba CTarlIpaHlIHOB MlIcaOHIi ynJIlIB. JIerliTlIMHO pexoacrpymnyha perxa II
epparMeHTapHa caenoxersa 0 Tanecy AplICTOTeJI je YCTBPAlIO na je BOAa srarepa-
jaJIHlI y3pOK lIJIlI nepsacrearna cyncrpar csera. Ila CBe nacraje lI3 BOAe II na CBe
jecre BOAa na HeKlI Ha'IlIH, KaKO ce na YCTaJbeH HaqlIH aarepnperapa Tanec, HlIje
Hy)KaH aJIlI je caCBIIM BaJIlIAaH sarosysax, 6e3 063lIpa na TO na JIll je TO oparnaa-
JIaH TaJIeCOB AonplIHOC IIJIlI je AplICTOTeJI cau TO 1I3BeO y OACyCTBy npyrnx AOAaT-
HlIX lIHepopMaI.l,lIja.
Ho, aKOje BOAa jenaa II jenana cyncrpar, mrraa,e je 3aIlITO ce OH nojaan.yje y
MHOIlITBY 06JIlIKa, a He xao CTaTlIqaH II YKOqeH CBeT? OTKYA xperaa.e II rrpouena y
TOM csery? AplICTOTeJIy je 1I3rJIeAaJIO HenplIXBaTJblIBO na caMO nonnexehe 6yp,e
y3pOK concrsene npouene (Met.984a21-22). Hnax, OHO IlITO je AplICTOTeJIy AeJIOBa-
JIO HeBepOBaTHO, Malhe lIJIlI BlIIlIe je npeACTaBJbaJIO BlIljelhe csera OA crpaue MIIJIe-
haaa." AKO )KeJIlIMO na pasyaeuo epllJI030epe npapone lI3 VI sexa npe H.e. MopaMo
ce OCJI060AlITlI aTOMlICTlIqKe KOHI.I,enI.l,lIje MpTBe rnapa xoja ce MeXaHlIqKlI xpehe, II
jour BIIIlIe sapresajaacxor AyaJIlI3Ma srarepaje II nyxa, 3a Taneca, AaKJIe, naje no-
crojana HlIKaKBa aaeprna TBap xoja 6lI OHAa JIOmqKOM Hy)KHOIlIhy 3aXTeBaJIa pas-
neooy npnor aaxena na MaTeplIjaJIHlI II eeplII.I,lIjeHTHlI eJIeMeHT. IIplIJIlIKOM npnxaa-
raa,a none xao jennaor asnopa nocrojarsa ayronarcxa ce lIMaJIa y BlIP,y, 6apeM y
IICTOM 06lIMY, II rsena anxepenraa M06lIJIHOCT. YKpaTKo, CTaHOBlIIlITe AplICTOTeJIO-
BlIX najpanajax nperxonnaxa je jonr yBeK npnnanarro A06y xana mrje 6l1JIO HlIKaKBe
036lIJbHe AlICTlIHKI.I,lIje 1I3Meljy nyxoanor II TeJIeCHOr, )KlIBOr II He)KlIBor. 34

31 Tp-nca pC'I if;uxiJ aajnemhe je 3Ha'UIJIa II "lIyma" II ,,)KllBOT". JJ:yIIla jc 6llJla )KllIlOTHll q)JIYlll~ xoja je
CIIOJba aaj-rernhe 6llJIa IIpllMCTHa xao xpn, am'! II na IIPyrc Ha'UIHC, xao nacaa,e II xao TOIIJIOTa, xoja
cy 6llJlll nparaonn )KllBOTa.
32TcPMllH iJiJwe (ll iJiJaTo,) CTampaHHH ynorperin.ana y Cael.294a28, 294a32, 294a33, 294a34, 29461,
29463-4; Met. 983621 , 983627, 996a9. A TCPMllH ureau (a ureoi,) y Met.983623, 983626, 983627.
33 Casmnnxaje jc, 'UIHll HaM CC, rpCIIIllO Kalla je TBPlIllO (Phys.180,14) na je KOII Tancca, xao IJITO jc TO
cnyuaj KOII AHaKCllMeHa, CIlC nacrajano nouohy aryura.anan.a II paspchaaau,a IhCrOIlOr MaTcplljaJI-
nor yspoxa, IlpOTC3alhC onor McxaHll3Ma a ua Taneca jc nepoaarao 3aCHOllaHO na IIpCIlHlnC pnrmi-
HOM TyMa'Iclhy I1llXOTOMlljC na're y ApllCTOTCJIOIlOj <PU3UWl (187a12-23). 'ICPHllC TIlPl1ll na IIll caM
ApllCTOTCJI nnje llMao nuxaxnnx CIlCIIO'IaHCTalla 0 IIpOTC3alhY osor McxaHll3Ma na Taneca. H. Cher-
niss, Aristotle's Criticism of Presocratic Philosophy, New York 1964, p.365.
34 JJ:a Tancc unje OC06llTO Mapllo aa pa3JIHKy II 0I1HOC )KllIlO-HC)KllIlO narnacao je HJJ:. Jlaepruje, OCJIa-
n.ajyha ce IIpC cnera na ayroprrrer ApllCTOTCJIa II Xarrnje, noaann.ajyhn npanep ca MarnCTOM, a
nonanajyha IIpHTOM jour n hllJIll6ap (JJ:JI. 11,24).

212
 Mp )KeJhKO Kanyhepoaah: TAflEC - POP;OHAqEflHI1K <I> I1fl030<l>I1JE

Hs OBHX paanora H3pa3 "XHJI030H3aM", xoja je 06HlJHO 6HO npnnacaaaa

MHJIehaHHMa, 6HO je KpHTHKoBaH xao onaj KOjH BOAH Y rrorpenmoxr cxrepy, na Te-
MeJbY rora na OH ynyhyje na 'reopnje xoje H3PHlJHTO nOpHlJY onaojeny peaJIHOCT
Ayxa H srarepaje." I1aBJIOBHh xasce na ce OBHM H3pa30M cyrepmne rta cy jOHCKH
qHlJI030qm npnpone pa3JIHKOBaJIH AYX H MaTepHjy, IlITO, no lheMy, nnje 6HJIO TalJ-
HO, H na OH crora nnje caCBHM aAeKBaTaH OHOMe IlITO ce xohe na 03HalJH.36 XHJIO-
30H3aM, no naxsa, He yxasyje HH na nopauatse aJIH HH na aepHpMHcalhe nojaosnor
napa MaTepHja-AYX, a pa3JIOr TOMe je jenaocranan: orunrenosaaro je na JOlhaHH
HHCy MHCJIHJIH Y THM xareropajaxra. Y lhHXOBHM rnasava panaje je epHrypHpaJIa
nexa BpCTa nOMelliaHOCTH TeJIeCHOr H nyxosuor Tj. nyurennor eJIeMeHTa, nOIliTO je
TO npesre xana je TeJIO 'reurxo 6HJIO 3aMHCJIHTH 6e3 nyuie, aJIH H a.y 6e3 TBapH. A
nOlIITO H3pa3 XHJI030H3aM cyrepame crarse nyxa JbYAH KOjH OAHCTa HHCy HMaJIH ja-
CHy KOHlI,enQHjy 0 pasnsojeaocra OBa ABa eJIeMeHTa, MHIlIJbelha CMO Aa ra rpeoa
3aAP)KaTH y ynorpeoa.
KHpK H PaBeH y 3aHHMJbHBoj aHaJIH3H XHJI030H3Ma xascy na ce osaj TepMHH
H3pHlJe ca najsraa.e TpH Moryha H sacetiaa cTajaJIHIlITa:
1. Ilpernocraaxa (csecaa HJIH He) na cy CBe CTBapH, HanpOCTO, na HeKH aa-
lJHH)KHBe.
2. Beposaa,e na je CBeT npoxcer )KHBOTOM, H na cy MHorH OA n.eronax AeJIO-
na, KOjH ce nojann.yje xao He)KHBH, y craapn )KHBH.
3. CKJIOHOCT na ce CBeT pasxrarpa xao QeJIHHa, KaKBO rOA Aa je n.eroao
yCTpOjCTBO y AeTaJbHMa, xao jenan )KHBH opranaaau,
I1pBO je xpaja.a, aJIH y CMHCJIy omnrepacnpocrparsene CKJIOHOCTH rp-rxor
MHIlIJbelha He H HeMoryha, epopMa cseooyxnaraor npemraeaan,a. Ilpyra Te3a je,
no lhHMa, OHa KOjOj je TaJIeCOBO sepoaan,e Haj6JIH)Ke. Tpehe CTaHOBHIlITe je HM-
nJIHQHpaHo y crapaxr reaeanourxau Ha30pHMa 0 HCTOpHjH CBeTa, KOjH y BeJIHKoj
MepH jour yBeK nponyscaaajy cnoje rpajaa,e, HCTHHa, y06JIHlJeHH y HOBy paQHOHa-
JIH30BaHY epOPMY epHJI030epCKe KOCMoroHHje. ApHCTOTeJI je CBe TO pasuarpao y
Phys.25061l-15 rue, MO)KAa noceono ca TaJIeCOM aa yMy, noxasyje na je CBeCTaH na
je Moryhe H OBaKBO CTaHOBHIlITe. 37

Y TaJIeCOBOM JIHKy, 3aKJbYlJHMO, cperno je yxounonosan CKJIaA TeMnOpaJI-

nor H OHTOJIOIliKOr iipuyca pabaa.a rpxxe MYAPOCTH. TeMnOpaJIHOr, jep AOHcTa
HHKO 036HJbaH He cnopa Aa je "epHcwrap" H3 MHJIeTa, ca anpOKCHMaTHBHO onpe-
l)eHHM BpeMeHOM )KHBJbelha H3Mel)y 624/3 H 546/5 rOA. npe H. e. (npena AnoJIOAO-
py), y XpOHOJIOIliKOM CMHCJIy npna "Jby6HTeJb MYAPoCTH". OBa Te3a, HapaBHO, CTO-
ja caxio yKOJIHKO ce npeTXOAHO npHXBaTH nocrynar na Tanec jecre epHJI030ep. Ha-
llie je MHIIIJbelhe na 6H ce neonpasnano penyxosana MHJIehaHHHoBa BeJIHlJHHa H
ana-raj aa esponcxy H csercxy AyXOBHy H KyJITypHy 6allITHHy yKOJIHKO 6H ce OH
npesacxonno nocvarpao xao MYApaQ, HJIH xao acrpoaou, reosrerap, ,,6H3HHcMeH",
nOJIHTHlJKH caBeTHHK, CBeTCKH nyTHHK, aanecenn caisap HJIH, KOHalJHO, nposrorep

)5 F. Ueberweg, K. Praechter, Grundrifi der geschichte der philosophie I, Berlin 1909, s. 41; J. Burnet, Early
Greek Philosophy Cleveland 1962, p. 1211 13.
36 E. ITanJIoBl1h, Ilpecotcpaiiictca uucao, nAA Til, Beorpan 1997, C1p. 17.
)7 G. S. Kirk, J. E. Raven, The Presocratic Philosophers, Cambridge 1957, p.97.

213
 TIE)J,AfOlliKA CTBAPHOCT, LII, 3-4 (2006), HOBII Call

nay-nror Ayxa. OH, aKO CJIeAHMO Apl1CTOTeJIOB ayropnrer H CBeA01.laHCTBa, CBaKa-

KO 3aY311Ma n01.laCHO MeCTO y pahaa.y qmJI030epHje 11 y OHTOJIOIlIKOM CMI1CJIy. Ta-
JIeCOB ana-raj sa HaCTaHaK "rp1.lKOr 1.IYAa" He Tpe6a Tpa)/(I1TH y HeKI1M COepHCTI1L\I1-
paHl1M 11 paspaheaua certaetrrnua n.eronor yxea,a 0 BOAH xao apuxey ; jep Tora 11
anje MOrJIO 611TI1 y npOToepl1JI030epCKO apesre VI sexa npe H. e. BpeAHOC'T u.eroaor
nspa-raja JIe)/(11 na npyroj CTpaHI1 Tj. y npsou 3a6eJIe)/(eHOM noxynrajy na ce o6ja-
CHI1 L\eJII1Ha csera aa jenan "npl1pOAHI1" 11 3HaHCTBeHI1 Ha1.lI1H, 6e3 nocpenoaaa.a 11
novoha ApeBHHx MHTOBa 11 anrponoxroprpaax 6oroBa. YOCTaJIOM, TaJIeCOBI1 KO-
CMOJIOIlIKI1 Ha30pH 113HOCe na BHAeJIO caMy crsap rpnnosorpaje 11 onpehyjy n.en
npanau 11 xapaxrep Kp03 'II1TaB npecoxparcxn rrepnon. OH je npBH CXBaTI10 CI1H-
'rarsry 0 jeAHHcTBy Y pa3JII1L\H, 11 npI1TOM, 'IBpCTO ce npxceha rrojua jeAHHcTBa, nao
onronop I1JII1 noxyiuao na o6jacHI1 o1.leBI1AHY pa3HoBpcHOCT MHOIlITBa. Mnorn MH-
CJIHOL\11 cy HacTojaJII1 na pasysrejy HJIH 6apeM na OCBeTJIe MHOIlITBeHOCT xoja Hac
oxpyxcyje, aJII1 Be'IHa MHJIehaHHHOBa sacnyra je y TOMe IlITO je AeTeKTOBao jeAHH-
CTBeHI1 rrpnanun KOjH JIe)/(l1, I1JII1 JOIlI 6oJbe, nOAJIe)/(11 I1cnOA OBe casropaaysosnae
MHOIlITBeHOCTI1. OTKPI1BIlIH npBo Ha'IeJIO csera 11 I1MeHyjyhl1 ra xao BOAY, Tanecy
je onpasnaao npnrrana CJIaBa npaor epl1JI030epa y I1CTOpl1jH JbYAcKor pona, rj. pe-
nyraunja "pOAOHa1.leJIHHKa ... epI1Jl03oepl1je" (af2X'YJ'Yo~ !f!IAo{/o!f!fa~, Met.983620-21 ).38

ApHCTOTeJl, Kaiiieiopuje, XpB. cseys. HaKJI., 3arpe6 1992.

ApI1CTOTeJI, M eiiaupusutca, JIl16ep, 3arpe6 1988.
ApI1CTOTeJI, Meiiuupusutca, Kynrypa, Beorpan 1971.
ApI1CTOTeJI, Meiiuupusutca xa.nra A, CB. CI1M. Ml1pOT., Bp. Ban.a 1989.
ApHCTOTeJI, 0 9YUlU. Haioeop «a cjJUJW30cjJUjy, Hanpnjen, 3arpe6 1987.
ApHCTOTeJI, 0 uetiy, Tpacpoc, Beorpan 1990.
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Barnes, J., The Presocratic Philosophers I-II, London 1979.

JS Ila je Tanccon cran 0 BOI1Il <jmJI030<pcKII pCJICBaHTaH, HaKOH ApllCTOTCJIa cy cvarpanu MHOI'll
IIcTaKHyTll <pllJI030<pIl. Eno IIITa 0 TOMC Ka)J(C HIIp. Xercn (Mcalopuja tpunoeotbuje I, erp. 149):
" Tanecoo ciiiae aa je eoaa OHO iuiiio je aiiconyiiuio UJlU, «ao uuiio cy ciiiapu zoaopuJlu, oa je iipun-
HUa, jeciiie ¢1l/lOaO¢CKu, dninoeotbuia iiouuu.e ca IVIlM, jep ce ca IbUM oonasu ao ceeciiiu 0 iitoue aa
lC{fHO jeciiie cyutiiiuna, OHO UUUo je uciitunuiiio, jeouuo IUZUO je iio ce6u U aa ce6e. " Flpen. H. TIOIlO-
11IIh. f. B. <I>. Xercrr, Hciiiopuja dninosotbuje I, 611f3, 6corpaJll975, CTp. 149.
l.laK II HWIC, xojn YCBOjllM JlpyrllM I\CJIllMa naje Gam rrpcTcpaHfI 3aCTynHIIK JIOrOI\CHTpWIKor yTCMC-
n.ca.a <pIlJI(l30<Plljc, y i\CJIY </JuJloao¢llja y alpazll'LHoM pasootin-» Fptca (CTp. 19) name cncnche:
" 'Iunu ce {fa ip-uca dnoioeoipuja eaiionun.e c jC{lIIOM aiicypauosc U{lCjOM, ca CIUa()OM aa je eoaa iio-te-
JlO U uajuunctco «puno caux ciiieapu. JJ.a JlU jc oouciiia iioiiipetiuo eaciiiaiuu IUy U yostiun.uiuu ce?
Jeciue, U iuo us alpu paenoia: iipeo, eaiiio tuiiio uia] ciiiao «asy]« netuiiio 0 iiostea y ciiieapu; apyio,
aaiiio IUlUO OH IUO 'IUHU tiee CJlUKe U tiajxe, U najsao - lupehc - sauio tuiiio je y toescy, tipeua« y ciiia-
IVy ynaxypeu.a, caapscana uucao: cae je jeauo. "TIPCB. 6. 3cl\. <P. HWIC, </J1l/lOao¢llja y iupaiuwiou
paeaotin.y Fptca, Tparpoc, 6corpa111979, CTp. 19.

214
Mp )KeJbKO Kanybeponnh: TAJIEC - PO,I.J;OHAl.JEJIHI1K <I>I1JI030<I>I1JE

Benseller, G. E., Griechisch-Deutsches Schul-Worterbuch, Leipzig 1891.

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271-275, y: (/JUflo3orjJcKa uciiipascuean.a, rOA.13, CB. 2, 3arpe61993.
Ilermh, E., ,,0 TeWKOftaMa yu6eHUQKOr npnxaanaaa,a TaJIeCOBe ¢I1JI030¢uje",
CTp. 199-208, y: TXEOPl1A rOA. XXVIII, 6p. 1-2, Beorpan 1985.
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Oils, H., Predsokratovcifragmenti I-II, Naprijed, Zagreb 1983.
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rpan 1996.
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1970-1975.
Gomperz, T., Griechische Denker I-III, Leipzig 1909-1912.
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Hegel, G. V. F., lstorija filozofije I-II, BIGZ, Beograd 1975.
Xeponor, Hciiiopuja I-II, MaT. cpn., H. CaA 1988.
XOMep, Hnuiaaa, I.p.o. MaT. cpn., H. CaA 1985.
XOMep, l1flujaga, H.3. MaT. XpB., 3arpe6 1987.
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Kanyheposnh, )1(., Apuciiioiiien U iipeocotcpaiuoeuu, KpuMeJI, H. CaA 2004.
Kirk, G. S., Raven, J. E., The Presocratic Philosophers, Cambridge 1957.
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1973.
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R. E. Allen, Studies in Presocratic Philosophy I, New York 1970.
HI1Qe, <1>., (/JUflo3orjJuja y iiipaiul.{T-lOM pasootin.y Fptca, Fparpoc, Beorpan 1979.
IIaBJIoBuft, E., Tlpecotcpaiiictca uucao, IIJ1ATD, Beorpan 1997.
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Ilepoanh, M. A., Ilpasciuu-uca ipunosodiuja, I'padioveztaa, H. CaA 2004.
IJJIaTOH, Kpaiiiun, Texa, 3arpe6 1976.
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 TIEAAfOiliKA CTBAPHOCT, LIT, 3-4 (2006), HOB II CaA

Zeljko Kaluderovic, M. A., Novi Sad

TALES - THE FOUNDER OF PHILOSOPHY

Summary

The author reasserts Aristotle's well-known statement about Tales, the founder of
philosophy. Careful analysis of Metaphysics, About Heavens and About Spirit can reveal
relevant paragraphs which support Stagiranin's thoughts about a wise man from Mileta
who was known as the founder of 'Greek Miracle'. While interpreting Aristotle's quoted
statements three thesis has been emphasized: I) The Earth is floating on the water
(Met.983b21-22; Cae1.294a28), 2) Water is material origin of everything (In
Met.983b19-21 water is considered as archeo, but previously in Met. 983b7 it was written
that most of early philosophers considered only solid things the principles of all the things
on the world), and 3) The Gods inhabit all the things (De an.411a7-8; it is added that
magnet is alive because it can move the iron, De an.405a19-21). After the reconstruction
of Aristotle's notes on Tales, it is proved that his contribution to the philosophy could be
seen in the fact that he closely examined all the varieties of notional world and detected
the unique principle which is rooted under the self-understandable and obvious diversity.
In fact, after pronouncing water the first principle of the whole world, Tales tried to ex-
plain the entire universe in 'natural' and scientific way without myths and supernatural
forces and thus, he earned the reputation of 'the founder of philosophy' (Met. 983b20-21 ).
Key words: Aristotles, Tales, water, principle, material cause, the founder of philo-
sophy

M.p iKeJIbKo KaJIY)J,mepOBlIq, HOBbIH Ca,I.\

TAJIET - PO):(OHAlJAJIbHHK <DHJIOCOcDHH

Pessnre

ABTop B HaCT05l1l\eH TeKCTe 3aHOBO rrO,I.\TBep)K,I.\aeT H3BecTHYlO KOHCTaTaJ.\HIO ApH-

CTOTemI 0 Tanere KaK nepaosr epHJlOcoepe. BHHMaTeJlbHbIM aHaJlH30M KHHr Memaipusu-
«a, 0 uetie H 0 oytue, MO)KHO HaHTH Ba)KHble OTpblBKH rrO,I.\TBep)K,I.\alOII\He 3aMeTKH CTa-
rupannaa 0 MY,I.\peI.\e H3 MHJleTa KaK p0,I.\OHaqaJJbHHKe roro qTO rrOTOM Ha3BaHO "rpeqe-
CKHM qy,I.\OM". TOJlKY51 B HaCT05lll\eH pafiore narapyevsre 3aMeTKH ApHToTeJl5l, BbI,I.\eJl5l-
IOTC51 TpH reanca: I) 3eMJl5I nnasaer aa BO,I.\e (Met.983b21-22; Cael.294a28), 2) BO,I.\a
51BJl5IeTC51 MaTepHaJlbHOH OCHOBOH, npa-maoii scex semeii (B. Met.983bI9-21 pe-n, H,I.\eT
o BO,I.\e KaK archeu, a HeMHoro pansure B Met.983b7 rOBOpHTC51 0 TOM qTO 60Jlbllll1HCTBO
H3 nepnsix epHJlOCOepOB CqHTaJlO qTO TOJlbKO BO,I.\a HMeeT MaTepHaJlbHylO epOpMy H 5/BJl5I-
eTC5/ aasanov scex serneit), H 3) Bee semn aanonnenu 60raMH (De an.4lla7-8; asrop
,I.\06aBJl5/eT H TO qTO ManmT )KHBOH, TaK KaK 06J1a,I.\aeT CHJlOH nepenanrars )KeJle30, De
an.405a 19-21). Ilocne peKoHcTpYKI.\HH coxpanennux 3aMeTOK ApHcToTeJl51 0 TaJJeTe,

216
Mp )KCJbKO KaJIyl)cpoBllh: TAJIEC - PO,I],OHAl.JEJIHI1K <I>I1JI030<pI1JE

06Hapy)KeHO qTO ero snaseaae B epHnocoqlHH B TOM, qTO OH paCCMOTpeB BCe pasnooopa-
3He MaTepHanbHoro MHpa OTKpbIn e):(HHHbIH npnanan KOTOpbIH ne)KHT, Haxo):(HTC5I nozt
51CHOH H caMOrrOH5ITHOH OqeBH):(HOH MHO)KeCTBeHHOCTH. Ha caMOM nene, HMeHy51 BO):(y
KaK aasanoo scero, Taner nonsrrancx O):(HHM "eCTeCTBeHHbIM" H HayqHbIM crrocofioxt,
rryTeM, 6e3 rrOMOIIJ,H MHepOB H ceepxsecrcrseanux CHn, 06051 CHHTb IJ,enOCTHOCTb yHH-
aepcansaoro MHpa, H TaKHM 06pa30M aacnyzcan penyrarnuo .pononasansnaxa epHnoco-
epHH" (Met.983b20-21).

Onopnsie cnosa: Apncrorem., Taner, sona, naxano, MaTepHanbHM npasnaa, po-

):(OHaqanbHHK epHnocoepHH

217