Lecture 4 The Cell Cycle

Prokaryotic
Binary Fission
Reproduction

Eukaryotic
Mitosis
Meiosis

Origin

Reproduction
Growth
Regeneration/Repair

Lecture 4 The Cell Cycle

How is DNA propagated ?

Eukaryotic: G1-S-G2-M

Cytokinesis
G2-M
transition
Gap 2
(G2)
G2: cell prepares
for mitosis

G1: chromosomes
unreplicated structures

Mitosis
(M)
Gap 1
(G1)
Interphase

DNA synthesis
(S)
DNA replicates

Restriction
G1-S
Transition
(commitment)

Intro to Biotech

Lecture ?4Eukaryotic:
The Cell
Cycle
How is DNA propagated
G1-S-G2-M
G2-M
transition
Mitosis
(M)

Gap 2
(G2)

Gap 1
(G1)
Interphase

DNA synthesis
(S)

Restriction
G1-S
Transition

Cell cycle
transitions depend on kinases
Kinases phosphorylate substrates
cyclins/CDKs

Lect.4

Intro to Biotech

Lecture 4 The Cell Cycle

How is DNA propagated ? Eukaryotic: G1-S-G2-M

Cell cycle
cyclins/CDKs
- CDK regulation key
- Controlled by presence of cyclins
Differential stability

Lect.4

Lecture 4 The Cell Cycle

Cell cycle
cyclins/CDKs
-

G2-M transition

Rb = tumor suppressor
- Phosphorylation inactivates
- Rb
E2F initiates DNA
replication

Rb inactivated
by
CyclinE+Cdk2
CyclinD+Cdk4

Rb
E2F

Rb
E2F
G1-S
Transition

Intro to Biotech

Lecture 4 The Cell Cycle

1. Replication

Lect.4

Lecture 4 The Cell Cycle

2. Segregation

G1-S-G2-Mitosis
I

separase
Cyclin-CDK
Activates
APC
cohesin

MTOC
(centrosome)

Centromere
&
kinetochore

T
Centriole

Lecture 4 The Cell Cycle

2. Segregation
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Ploidy chromosomal complement
haploid (n)
diploid (2n)
homologous pairing
recombination!
recombination

No homologous
pairing!

3. Cytokinesis

haploid

diploid