MVT

Ni dung hc phn Mng vin thng
Mng vin thng
L thuyt:
B mn Mng vin thng

Khoa vin thng 1- PTIT
GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008
GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng

DT: 04-33519387
bomonmangvt1@yahoo.com
ptitthuhang@yahoo.com
Yu cu bi tp Mng vin thng

Phn 1: Gii thiu chung v mng vin thng
Cu 1: Nu khi nim mng vin thng. Mng vin thng bao gm nhng
phn t g? Cho v d.
Cu 2: Trnh by khi nim dch v vin thng v mng mang dch v.
Cu 3:
Nu nhng u im ca phng thc truyn gi so vi phng
thc truyn knh?
Cu 4:
Phn tch v so snh c im ca mng FR v ATM
Phn 3 : Mng IP
Cu 5:
snh TCP
Cu 6:
Cu 7:
Cu 8:
Trnh by
vi UDP
Trnh by
Trnh by
Trnh by
chc nng cc lp ca m hnh giao thc TCP/IP. So

cu trc gi tin IPv4 v cc phn lp a ch IPv4
v gii thch cc u nhc im ca cng ngh VoIP
cc tham s QoS ch yu trong mng VoIP
Phn 4 : Xu hng pht trin mng v dch v
Phn 2 : Cc mng chuyn mch knh v chuyn gi
Bi tp: Gm phn t chn v phn bt buc

(xem file ring)
Thi vit cui k (cu hi n tp l phn bi tp)
Yu cu bi tp Mng vin thng
Cu 9: Phn tch xu hng pht trin mng vin thng v dch v

Cu 10: Nu khi nim NGN. Phn tch 4 c im c bn ca NGN.
Phn 5 : Bi tp m rng (BT BUC)
Gii thiu chung v mng vin thng

Cc mng chuyn mch knh
Cc mng chuyn gi
Mng IP
Xu hng pht trin mng v dch v vin thng
V m hnh phn lp chc nng, cu trc vt l ca mng cung cp

dch v v gii thch c ch hot ng c bn ca mt trong cc
dch v sau: 1719, 1800, 1900, VoD, VPN, IPTV, Thoi qua trang
web, Qun l ti nh, o to t xa qua mng ISDN hoc NGN, Tr
chi tng tc, thc ti o, Truyn hnh hi ngh NGN, Bn hng qua
mng Internet.
Ni dung chng 1
Khi nim vin thng
Cc phn t cu thnh mng vin thng
Vin thng
Truyn
thanh
Song hng
Truyn
hnh
Truyn
hnh v
tuyn
Truyn
hnh
cp
in
bo
Telex
in
thoi
c
nh
in
thoi
di
ng
Truyn
d
liu
Th
in
t
Truyn
hnh
hi
ngh
n hng
1.1 Cc phn t cu thnh mng vin thng

1.2 Dch v vin thng v mng mang dch v
1.3 Phn loi mng vin thng
Chng 1:
Gii thiu chung v mng vin
thng
Node (nt)
Link (lin kt)
Terminal (thit b
u cui)
Network
equipment (thit
b mng)
TBDC
Node
Ni ti vng khc
TBDC
Node
TBDC
TBDC
Node
TBDC
Node
TBDC
Mng truyn dn
TBDC
TBDC
u l nt v lin kt?
u l cc thit b mng v thit b u cui?

Khi nim v nt v lin kt
Nt l mt im trung gian trn mng vin thng ni thc

hin kt ni tm thi gia cc u vo v u ra theo yu
cu.
Cc lin kt l cc ng truyn dn tn hiu lin tc gia
hai im trn mng. Mt lin kt c th l mt mt ng
truyn dn vt l, mt bng tn trong h thng ghp knh
theo tn s hay mt khe thi gian trong h thng ghp
knh theo thi gian. Cc lin kt y ngoi mi trng
truyn dn cn bao gm c cc phng tin kt ni
chng.

Nt
mng
Thu
bao
Lin kt

Nt
mng
Nt
mng
Thit b u cui
Thit b u cui (Terminal Device) l thit b giao tip vi ngi

s dng v l cu ni gia ngi s dng v mng. Thit b u
cui c nhiu loi, chng rt khc nhau v chc nng v yu
cu dch v. V d: in thoi, my tnh, my Fax,
V tr v chc nng, dng thc thng tin
Lin
kt
Lin
kt
Thu
bao
Cc thit b mng
Mng vin thng l tp hp cc thit b mng c kt ni vi
nhau theo mt cu trc, kin trc nht nh v c thit lp,
qun l nh cc h thng qun l tin cy.
Trong mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng PSTN cc thit
b mng c k n nh: Tng i, b tch ghp knh, b tp
trung thu bao xa, thit b bo hiu, thit b truyn dn, Trong
mng my tnh: router, hub, gateway, bridge, Trong mng di
ng: tng i MSC, cc trm chuyn tip BSC, trm thu pht
sng BTS, gateway, trong mng VoIP: Gateway, gatekeeper,
signaling gateway,
Nh vy, ta thy cc thit b trong cc mng vin thng rt
ang dng v chng loi tuy nhin xu hng chung hin nay l
cc thit b s ngy cng a nng (tch hp), thng minh, bo
mt v gn nh hn.
Thu
bao
Khi nim v nt v lin kt
Dch v vin thng v mng

mang dch v
Dch v vin thng
"Dch v vin thng"

l dch v truyn k
hiu, tn hiu, s liu,
ch vit, m thanh,
hnh nh hoc cc
dng khc ca thng
tin gia cc im kt
cui thng qua mng
vin thng.
PC
M odem
Fax
Mng vin thng

1
2
5
Ngi s dng
dch v vin thng
Nh cung cp dch v
Nh cung cp h tng mng
Mng mang dch v
Dch v vin thng v mng mang

dch v
Phn loi mng vin thng
Ngoi ra, cn c th phn loi theo

ngi s dng dch v v theo nh
cung cp dch v:
Theo ngi s dng:
Dch v c bn
Dch v Internet
Dch v gi tr gia tng
Cc dch v trn nn mng th h sau.
Phn loi theo loi tin tc: thoi, d liu,

hnh nh
Phn loi theo mng: PSTN, ISDN, di
ng,
Phn loi theo tnh cht dch v:
online/offline, c nh/di ng,
Theo tin trnh lch s

Theo tnh cht k thut v cng ngh
Cc quan im phn loi dch v vin

thng
4
7
*
Dch v vin thng v mng mang

dch v
Theo tin trnh lch s
Mng tin in bo trc khi c Morse
Theo tin trnh lch s

Mng in bo ca Samuel Morse
(Primitive Telegraph before Morse)

Theo tin trnh lch s
Mng in thoi cng cng
Tng
i
Mng truyn s liu: truyn s liu gia cc my

tnh d liu.
Tng
i
Tng
i
Theo tin trnh lch s
Ni ti vng khc
Tng
i
Mng truyn dn
Thng gp l mng X25 (chuyn gi) v FR (khung)
X21
X25
Frame relay

Theo tin trnh lch s
Mng thng tin di ng
Mng in thoi t ong cm tay u tin
Hnh sao (star)
Mng my tnh
Xa l (bus)
Cng ngh chuyn knh
Cy (tree)
Phn loi mng vin thng theo tnh cht k

thut v cng ngh
Cc nt mng
Thit b u cui (Users)
Li (mesh)
Theo tin trnh lch s
Chu trnh (loop)
Vng (ring)
Theo tin trnh lch s

Mng my tnh: Cu trc
Printer
PSTN
ISDN
GSM
Cng ngh khung (FR)

Cng ngh gi
X25
ATM
IP
Cc mng tng lai
Ni dung
Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng (PSTN)
Chng 2:
Mng s tch hp a dch v (ISDN)
Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng

cng (PSTN)
Mng in thoi
mch cng cng
chuyn
L mng dch v pht trin

rt sm
Cung cp dch v thoi v
phi thoi
L mng vin thng lu i
nht v ln nht (hn 1 t
thu bao -2006)
Tng
i
Tng
i
Tng
i
Mng truyn dn
Bo hiu
Bo hiu thu bao

Bo hiu knh lin kt (CAS) R2
Bo hiu knh chung (CCS) CCS7
Ni ti vng khc
Tng
i

cng (PSTN)
PSTN: Public Switched

Telephone Network
Tin xy dng mng ISDN

Cu hnh tham chiu
Cc loi knh v giao tip trong ISDN
Cc mng chuyn mch knh
Cu trc mng PSTN

K hoch nh s v nh tuyn trong PSTN
Bn cht PSTN l mt mng hot ng theo

phng thc mch (circuit mode) theo
kiu kt ni c hng (connection-oriented)
gm 3 pha: s dng cc h thng bo hiu.
Thit lp kt ni (setup)
Duy tr kt ni (conversation)
Xo kt ni (released).

cng (PSTN)
Truy nhp analog 300-3400 Hz

Kt ni song cng chuyn mch knh
Bng thng chuyn mch 64kb/s hoc 3003400Hz i vi chuyn mch analog
Khng c kh nng di ng hoc di ng rt hn
ch
C nhiu chc nng tng ng vi mng N-ISDN
Telephone
Chuyn
mch s
Tng i
Analog
Tng i
PSTN
Cc thit b pha u cui
Cc thit b pha u cui
Telephone - in thoi c nh
Fax
Cordless: my ko di
PC+MODEM
PBX
Analog
Hnh 2.1: Mng IDN (Mng s tch hp ging PSTN)
PSTN
Telephone - in thoi c nh
Tng i
c im ch yu ca PSTN:

cng (PSTN)
L mt thit b u cui Analog, hot ng song cng

FDX (Full Duplex), thit b ny to ra hai knh ting
ni ngc chiu nhau va l my thu va l my
pht khng cn qua mt qu trnh chuyn i no.
S dng h thng bo hiu chun gi l bo hiu thu
bao Analog ging nh modem, fax, cardphone
Truy cp vo mng qua ng dy (mch vng thu
bao)
in thoi c nh
T.line
RJ-11
PSTN
PSTN
Cc thit b pha u cui
Cc thit b pha u cui
SW
Mch bo
v
Mch thu
chung
Mch chng ngc

cc ngun nui
Mch
quay s
Ca tng i
Pht
VF
P1
Mch cn bng
ng
nghe
Hybrid
Mch kh.i
iu chnh
Mch thu thoi
S khi in thoi c nh
Vng dy thu bao
Mch cn
bng
My pht thoi
Hybrid
Hybrid
Thu
300-3400 Hz VF
Hybrid
PSTN
Cc thit b pha u cui
Cc thit b pha u cui
Fax
Trao i vn bn tnh v hnh nh tnh trn mt trang

giy
i vi PSTN hin nay ngi ta s dng my fax G3
c thit k ph hp vi ng dy in thoi
Analog. Ngoi Fax G3 cn c Fax G4 cho ISDN v my
fax th h c G1, G2.
Dng cng ngh x l tnh hiu s chuyn t hnh
nh trn vn bn s nh mt thit b qut nh
(scanner), tn hiu s mang hnh nh ca bn gc
(origin) chuyn qua mt kt ni ca mng PSTN
my thu, c b phn in in hnh nh trn
mt trang giy (copy).
Mch cn
bng
P2
PSTN
Mch
trit click
Fax
ng
ni
Mt cuc lin lc fax cng ging nh lin

lc thoi v phn quay s, tnh cc.
Hot ng y khc vi hot ng
trong in thoi.
L mt thit b bn song cng thng
tin mt chiu.
My fax G3 c modem t trong my
(buildin) chuyn t tn hiu s VF
(Voice Frequency). hng ngc:
chuyn i ngc li, t VF Digital .
PSTN
PSTN
Cc thit b pha u cui
Cc thit b pha u cui
Cordless: in thoi ko di
(m con)
L mt TBC ca mng PSTN to

ra nh c lin kt v tuyn gia
hai b phn ca h thng cordless
(Base Unit v Handset) m handset
c th di ng trong mt phm vi
hp.
c kh nng di dng trong phm vi
hp
d b va chm tn s, khng tin
cy v s dng cng ngh Analog
PC+MODEM
Tng i
PC
Analog
Analog
Phn cp qun l
PBX
Tng i
Cu trc mng PSTN ca Vit Nam
Chuyn
mch s
Tng i
PSTN
Cc thit b pha u cui
Modem
S dng cu trc phn

cp trong cc mng
in thoi c th lm
n gin cng tc qun
l mng v n gin
trong thit k chuyn
mch.
Xu hng hin nay l
gim cp trong phn
cp mng v cung cp
thm nhiu tuyn thay
th
Vi Vit Nam
Cp quc t
Cp lin tnh
Cp ni ht
Gateway
Hanoi AXE105
International
layer
Gateway
Danang
AXE-105
Transit
Hanoi 1
National layer
Transit
Hanoi 2
Gateway
HCM city
AXE-105
Transit
HCM 1
Transit
Danang
Transit
HCM 2
Local layer
Local Exchanges
Area 1
Local Exchanges
Local Exchanges
Area 2
Area 3
Vietnamese Network Hierarchy
10
PSTN
Mt s k hoch c bn
K hoch nh s
Mc ch chnh ca k hoch nh s l gn cho mi thu

bao v dch v mt m duy nht, n gin c th thit
lp cuc gi mt cch t ng.
Theo quy tc, mi mng mang khc nhau s c cc k
hoch nh s hoc cc sery khc nhau: PSTN, PLMN
K hoch nh s h tr tin trnh thit lp cuc gi, c
bit l trong vic chn tuyn trong cc tng i v vic kt
lin mng gia cc mng mang, ng thi to nn tng c
bn cho vic tnh cc cuc gi.
PSTN
Mt s k hoch c bn
Phng php nh tuyn
PSTN hot ng theo phng thc circuit mode thc

hin phng php nh tuyn cuc gi thc hin
mt kt ni qua mng, mi cuc gi c nh tuyn mt
ln to ra mt kt ni, kt ni ny c duy tr trong sut
thi gian m thoi.
C nhiu phng php nh tuyn nh nh tuyn tnh v
nh tuyn ng.
nh tuyn tnh l nh tuyn khng thay i theo thi gian

v trng thi, khi chn hng ra ca cuc gi.
nh tuyn ng khi chn hng ra ca mt nt ph thuc
vo trng thi mng ti tng thi im.
M thu bao (SC- Subscriber code)

M tng i (Local Exchange code)
M vng (AC- Area code)
M nc (Country code)
M c bit
i vi cuc gi lin tnh dng tin t 0+AC+TN
i vi cuc gi quc t dng tin t 00+CC+AC+TN
Hin nay ngi ta s dng AC (Area Code) vi 2 ngha:
m vng v m mng
PSTN
Mt s k hoch c bn
nh tuyn ti tng i ni ht (LE)

Mng quc gia
0 , 00
Trung k
Phng php nh s
PSTN
Mt s k hoch c bn
LE
xy
ni ht
1xy
LE
Mng ni ht
Dch v c
bit
11
PSTN
Bo hiu
Bo hiu
Hin nay c nhiu h thng bo hiu gia cc tng i, phn chia

lm hai loi CAS, CCS (Channel Associated Signaling Bo hiu
knh kt hp v Common Channel Signaling- Bo hiu knh chung).
CAS: gia cc tng i phi c cc thng tin bo hiu chia thnh cc

knh bo hiu, mi knh c gn cho mt knh thoi. Thng tin bo
hiu trn knh bo hiu s cho bit v kt ni lin quan ti knh
thoi c gn kt. Trong mt s trng hp s dng cc knh thoi
truyn thng tin bo hiu cho kt ni lin quan ti chnh n.
CCS: lin kt bo hiu gia hai tng i s dng chung cho tt c cc
knh thoi ni gia hai tng i bng cch ghp gi.
Quay
s
VF
Hook on
t
my
Ringing signal
m thoi
Nghe/
Tha my
VF
Busy tone
Hook on
t
my
Chu trnh bo hiu (thu bao in thoi c nh)
Gii thiu chung v bo hiu lin i
Vit Nam hin nay s dng hai loi h thng bo

hiu lin (tng) i:
Tng i
Bo hiu lin i
Bo hiu thu bao
nh tuyn
Hook off
Tng i
Bo hiu thu bao
Pulse/tone
Bo hiu
Bo hiu lin i:
Tng i
Calling B
Dialing tone
Ringing tone
Bo hiu lin i
LE
Hook off
Nhc
Calling A
Bo hiu thu bao

Bo hiu knh lin kt (CAS)
Bo hiu knh chung (CCS)
Bo hiu thu bao Analog
H thng bo hiu knh kt hp/knh ring R2 (Channel

Associated Signalling)
H thng bo hiu knh chung s 7 CCS7 (Common Channel
Signalling number 7) cn gi l S7 hay SS7 (Signalling
System Number 7 - H thng bo hiu s 7).
12
Bo hiu
Gii thiu chung v bo hiu R2
Bo hiu R2:
Bo hiu trng thi (state)

Bo hiu thanh ghi (register)
Exchange
Call
Channel 1
Channel 30
TS 16
TS 16
Mc ch: Cc tng i lin quan ti mt cuc gi thng bo

cho nhau nhng thng tin cn thit thc hin kt ni.
Exchange
Channel 1
Channel 30
4 dy
2 dy
Bo hiu thanh ghi
2 dy
Bo hiu
V d: ch ca kt ni, thuc tnh ca my b gi, thuc tnh ca

my ch gi
Bo hiu thanh ghi ch din ra khi xut hin cuc gi, giai
on thit lp kt ni.
Bo hiu thanh ghi khng s dng TS 16 m s dng chnh
ngay knh thoi va chim gi thng tin bo hiu thanh ghi.
Trong giai on bo hiu thanh ghi, cuc m thoi cha din
ra, cc ng trung k b cuc gi chim nhng cha
truyn ti ting ni.
Bo hiu knh kt hp
Bo hiu thanh ghi

Tn hiu
Bo hiu
Gii thiu chung v bo hiu R2
Bo hiu thanh ghi
Bo hiu thanh ghi din ra theo 2 hng i v v.

Thng tin bo hiu thanh ghi c m t bi tn hiu Analog
theo mt chun chung gi l MF.
Ngi ta dng hai tn hiu hnh sin nm trong bng tn thoi
to ra tn hiu t hp (theo bng). Cc tn hiu hng i v v
nh s theo 1.2.315 v tn hiu a tn hng i c tn s
cao hn tn hiu a tn hng v.
1500
1620
1740
1860
1980
Forward Hng i
900
780
660
540
Back ward Hng v
1140
1020
3
4
X
X
X
X
6
7
1380
X
X
X
X
X
X
10
11
12
13
14
15
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
13
Nhm A
Hng v
Nhm B
Hng v
A-1
1140Hz-1020Hz gi con s tip theo (n+1)
B-1
Thu bao b gi ri v yu cu truy tm cuc gi

quy ph
A-2
Pht li mt ch s trc (n-1)
B-2
Thu bao b gi chuyn
A-3
Gi thng bo v loi ch gi (nhm II) v nhn thng

bo theo ngha B.
(Chuyn sang thu theo bn B v gi tn hiu nhm II)
B-3
Thu bao b gi ang bn
Nhm I
Hng i
Nhm II
Hng i
I-1
II-1
Ch gi l thu bao bnh thng (TB khng ghi tn)
I-2
II-2
My ch gi l my thu tin/u tin
I-3
II-3
My ch gi l my bo tr
I-4
II-4
My d tr s dng quc gia
A-4
Bo hng nghn mch
B-4
Nghn pha trc
I-5
II-5
Ch gi l in thoai vin
A-5
B-5
I-6
II-6
Ch gi l my truyn d liu
S b gi khng s dng (s my khng c trn

mng)
I-7
II-7
Ch gi l thu bao khng c chc nng chuyn cuc gi
nhn digit v gi tip loi ch gi

-Ln pht A5 u tin loi ch gi
- Ln pht A5 tip s ch gi
Gi loi cuc gi (II) nu c A5 tip theo s gi s ch
gi
I-8
II-8
Ch gi l my ng k truyn d liu quc t
A-6
Bo hiu kt thc thit lp trng thi thoi
B-6
Thu bao b (ch gi ??) gi ri, c tnh cc
Ch gi l thu bao u tin gi i quc t
A-7
Pht li 2 s trc (n-2)
B-7
Thu bao b (ch) gi khng tnh cc
A-8
Pht li 3 s trc (n-3)
B-8
My b gi ang hng
A-9
D tr
B-9
D tr
A-10
D tr
B-10
D tr
A-11
D tr
B-11
D tr
A-12
D tr
B-12
D tr
A-13
D tr
B-13
D tr
A-14
D tr
B-14
D tr
A-15
D tr
B-15
D tr
I-9
I-10
II-9
II-10
I-11
Truy nhp ti dch v c bit
I-12
L tng i sau yu cu tng i trc

khng c chim (tip) nhn
I-13
Cuc gi ny i ti my t vn hnh
I-14
I-15
Bo ht cc digit s
II-11
Ch gi l in thoi vin quc t (hoc c chc nng quc

t)
D tr cho quc gia
II-12
- nt -
II-13
- nt -
II-14
- nt -
II-15
Bo hiu thanh ghi
- nt -
Bo hiu knh chung s 7
PSTN : Bo hiu R2
H thng bo hiu s 7
091824678
I9
I1
A1
I8
A2
I1
A3
A1
Khi nim
u im
Cc phn t
M hnh tham chiu
Phn chuyn giao bn tin MTP
V d v bo hiu trong ISDN
14
Khi nim bo hiu lin i
Tng i
Bo hiu thu
bao
Tng i
My in
thoi
Bo hiu lin
i
Bo hiu thu
bao
Bo hiu lin i c phn chia thnh bo hiu knh kt hp (CAS) v bo hiu knh
chung (CCS). i h thng bo hiu knh kt hp, cc tn hiu c thu v pht trn cng
mt ng vi tn hiu ting ni. Trong khi , bo hiu knh chung tn hiu bo hiu
c thu v pht qua mt ng dnh ring cho bo hiu khc vi knh ting ni.
My in
thoi
H thng bo hiu s 7
Cc phn t trong SS7
u im SS7
Cu trc modun vi kin trc lp cho php nhanh chng a

vo cc dch v mi.
Nhanh: Trong hu ht cc trng hp, thi gian thit lp
cuc gi t hn 1 giy.
Dung lng cao: Mt knh bo hiu c th x l tn hiu bo
hiu cho hng nghn cuc gi cng lc.
Kinh t: t i hi thit b bo hiu hn so vi cc h thng
khc.
Tin cy: Mng SS7 c tin cy rt cao nh s dng cc
tuyn v nt bo hiu d phng. C kh nng t ng iu
chnh cu hnh mng c lp vi mng thoi.
Linh hot: H thng c th cha nhiu tn hiu, c th s
dng cho nhiu mc ch ch khng ch dnh cho dch v
thoi.
H thng bo hiu s 7 l h thng bo hiu

knh chung, c nhim v truyn thng tin bo
hiu gia cc tng i vi nhau thit lp,
kt ni, qun l v gim st cc phin truyn
thng (cuc gi thoi, truyn s liu, hnh
nh).
SP (signaling point): im/nt bo hiu (trong mng PSTN, SP

thng l cc tng i t cp host tr ln).
STP: im chuyn giao bo hiu, l mt nt trong CCS7
chuyn tip cc bn tin bo hiu t lin kt ny n lin kt
khc.
SL (signaling link): Gia cc im bo hiu c lin kt vi
nhau bng lin kt bo hiu. y l mt knh truyn dn s,
trn cc bit ch m ho thng tin tn hiu. Cc lin kt bo
hiu c thit k vi tin cy rt cao ngha l kh nng
nghn mch trong trao i thng tin bo hiu him khi xy ra.
15
Cc phn t trong SS7
Cc phn t trong SS7
M hnh tham chiu ca SS7
MTP (Message Transfer Part): Phn chuyn giao tin

bo (hay cn gi l phn chuyn giao bn tin bo
hiu trong CCS7)
Bao gm cc chc nng chung i vi tt c cc bn
tin, nhng chc nng ny cung cp kh nng chuyn
cc bn tin mt cch tin cy v trong sut gia cc
i tng s dng ca mng bo hiu v ni dung
mi bn tin bo hiu l hon ton c lp vi nhau.
16

Nh MTP, cc bn tin bo hiu s c chuyn
giao:
ng: Tt c cc bn tin mo phi c sa li

trc khi chng c chuyn giao ti phn ca
ngi s dng bn thu/nhn bn tin.
c sa li lin tip.
Khng b tn tht hoc lp li.
knh d liu
cc thit b u cui truy nhp ti h thng chuyn mch
MTP2 thc hin cc chc nng ng bo hiu, bao gm
iu khin thu (ti lp 3)

iu khin pht (t lp 3)
iu khin trng thi knh
Pht hin li, phn tch bn tin, kt ni (gia cc phn thu, pht
n lp 1)
MTP2: Bn tin lp 2 tng t bn tin lp 2 ca h

thng truyn d liu.
C 3 loi SU c s dng vi 3 mc ch khc
nhau:
MSU: l mt n v tn hiu c cha bn tin bo hiu
n>2
LSSU: l mt n v tn hiu khng cha bn tin bo
hiu m cha thng tin v trng thi ca lin kt bo
hiu (SIO+SIF=SF =8 hoc 16bit)
FISU: l mt n v tn hiu lp y khong ri khi
trn lin kt bo hiu khng truyn bn tin bo hiu
hay trng thi lin kt bo hiu. SIO + SIF = 0
MTP1 nh ngha cc phng tin vt l dng

chuyn thng tin t im ny ti im khc, n l
giao din vi ti thng tin.
MTP gm 3 lp l MTP1, MTP2 v MTP3
17
BSN: ch s th t SU v pha sau (hng v) BIB:

bt ch th hng v
FSN: ch s th t SU v pha trc (hng i)
FIB: bt ch th hng i
LI: ch th v di, ch th s octet trong cc trng
gia trng LI v FCS.
LI=0 FISU; LI=1 hoc 2 LSSU;LI>2 MSU
SIO: ch th dch v (octet)
FCS: dy kim tra khung
SIF: trng thng tin bo hiu
MTP3: Cha cc chc nng mng bo hiu SNF gm iu

khin bn tin bo hiu v iu hnh mng bo hiu.
iu khin bn tin bo hiu:

nh tuyn bn tin
Phn bit bn tin
Phn b bn tin
iu hnh mng bo hiu: Mc ch ca phn ny trong chc nng
mng bo hiu l thc hin cc hnh ng cn thit duy tr
dng bo hiu trong trng hp h thng c sai hng.
mng c quan
PBX
SCCP: L phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu a

thm vo thch ng vi UD theo c hai kiu:
hng kt ni v phi kt ni.
UP(User part) : cc phn ca ngi s dng. Phn
ny to ra v phn tch cc thng tin bo hiu.
Chng s dng MTP nh l chc nng truyn ti
mang thng tin bo hiu ti cc phn s dng khc
cng loi.
TUP: Phn ngi s dng in thoi

DUP: Phn ngi s dng s liu
MTUP: Phn ngi s dng in thoi di ng.
ISUP: Phn ngi s dng mng ISDN
user
ALERTING
B.H knh D
CONNECT
IAM
TLE
IAM
PBX
SETUP
CP
ACM
bo hiu theo bn tin
ANM
ACM
b. hiu (lkdl bhiu)
ANM
ALERTING
CONNECT
CONNECT ACK
CONNECT ACK
H thng bo hiu s 7
TE
OLE
SETUP
CP
Trao i cc bn tin ISUP cung cp thm dv technology (b.h ngoi bng)

DISCONNECT
REL
RLC
REL
DISCONNECT
RLC
DISCONNECT ACK
DISCONNECT ACK
V d SS7 cho ISDN

18
Mng s tch hp a dch v

(ISDN)
Khi nim
Mng s tch hp a dch v (ISDN)
Tin xy dng mng ISDN

Cu hnh tham chiu
Cc loi knh v giao tip trong ISDN
Khi nim
Nhc im khc ca PSTN:
C ly t TBC ti LE < 7km

Nu ko di c ly m p dng cc mch in t
khuch i tn hiu th y l mt vn nan gii
v kinh t, k thut v s hn ch tc v cht
lng
do vy phi tip tc s ho phn truy cp

v mng mi ISDN ra i.
truy cp Analog trn mch vng thu bao (cp ng)

khng linh hot trong vic s dng knh.
TBC ang pht trin theo hng s ho

V chuyn giao s: hiu sut PSTN khng cao
Mt my fax nhm 3 (G3) chim mt knh 64 kb/s (thoi

s) nhng ch truyn c hnh nh vi tc 14,4 kb/s
truyn d liu cn 16kb/s vn chim mt ng 64kb/s
ISDN
PSTN c nhiu nhc im
ISDN: ISDN theo

nh ngha ca ITU-T
l mt mng to ra
kt ni hon ton s
t thit b u cui
ny n TBC khc
cung cp cc dch
v thoi v phi thoi
qua mt giao din
n c chun ho
quc t.
Tng i
Telephone
Chuyn
mch s
Tng i
Tng i
19
ISDN
Cu hnh mng N-ISDN
CPE
S
TE2
TE2
NT2
U
quc gia
LE
NT1
TA
R
Subscriber line
Cu hnh mng ISDN
Cu hnh mng ISDN
20
Knh trong ISDN
ISDN : PRI
NT1
TE1
LE
3
2
2
1
X l lp 1
M hnh tham chiu trn

knh B
Bo hiu knh D - ISDN

Address
01111110
B1 (8)
Control
Information
FCS
B1 16 bit, B2 16 bit, D 4 bitTng 36bit
D(1)
B2 (8) D(1)
B1 (8) D(1) B2 (8) D(1)
Flag
01111110
Flag
ISDN:
giao din
trung
tm
mng
21
n tp
Mng in thoi s dng
Chuyn mch knh

Chuyn khung
Chuyn gi
Phn bit 2 khi nim
Hng kt ni (connection oriented)

Phi kt ni (connectionless)
n tp
n tp
Bo hiu s 7 c my mc (level)?
Bo hiu s 7 dng cho mng v dch v
no?
V sao gi bo hiu s 7 l bo hiu knh
chung?
Bo hiu s 7 l knh hay gi?
So snh u im ca C7 so vi R2 v
phn tch (v sao C7 li c u im ni
tri nh vy).
Bo hiu thu bao, bo hiu lin i

Bo hiu knh chung, bo hiu knh ring/knh
kt hp
Ti liu tham kho
Telecommunications Network
NTT- 1996
V sao cn c bo hiu trong mng in

thoi?
C nhng loi bo hiu no?
Phn bit cc khi nim
Uyless Black: ISDN& SS7 Architectures For

Digital Signaling Network.
Prentice Hall, 1997
22
Cc mng chuyn gi
Chng 3:
Cc cng ngh chuyn mch gi

Cng ngh Frame Relay
Cc mng chuyn gi
Cng ngh ATM
Kin trc giao thc FR

Khun dng khung
Cc c im v ng dng ca FR
Kin trc giao thc ATM
Lp thch ng ATM
Lp ATM
Cc c im v ng dng ca ATM
Mng Internet
M hnh OSI
Cc cng ngh chuyn gi
Chuyn mch knh
Chuyn mch gi
Cng ngh Frame Relay

Cng ngh ATM
Cng ngh IP
M hnh OSI
23
Cng ngh FR
Cng ngh FR
Kin trc giao thc FR (chuyn tip khung)

Khun dng khung
Kin trc giao thc FR
Mch o
Khuyn ngh I.233 v I.122 v phng thc khung, dch

v mang (bearer service)
Ch dng lp 1 v lp 2 c n gin ha
FRAD
FRND
FRAD: Frame Relay Access Device
Lp 1 c bn l lp vt l
Lp 2 ch s dng tin trnh kim tra li n gin m bo
d liu c li s b loi b.
Cc lp cao hn thit b ca ngi s dng chu trch nhim
cho vic truyn li d liu li/hng.
FRND: Frame Relay Network Device
Cng ngh FR
Khun dng khung FR
DLCI
DLCL=16
DLCI
D
LCL=20
FCS
F: Flag
FCS: Frame Check Sequence
D liu
a ch, v.v..
LCN: Logical Channel Number: S ch knh logic

DLCI: Data Link Connection Identifier (nhn dng kt
ni lin kt d liu)
K thut kt ni c lin kt (connection oriented)

di khung (gi) thay i
Tc cao t 2-50Mb/s
Khng cn truyn li trn tng chng (ch cn mc
u cui-u cui)
Yu cu cht lng truyn dn tt (cp si quang)
Chuyn tip khung (FR) phn ln c s dng ni
cc mng cc b LAN.
24
Cng ngh ATM
Cng ngh ATM

Kin trc giao thc ATM
Lp 1: Lp vt l
Lp 2: Lp ATM
Lp 3: Lp AAL
Lp thch ng ATM
Lp ATM
Knh
1
Knh
1
Knh
7
Ti
Knh
1
Knh
2
Tiu
48 byte
5 byte
Lp thch ng ATM
Tiu
Tiu
ttbo
bo
55octet
octet
AAL-1-5
AAL-1-5
cho php truyn ti cc dch v d liu v

dch v ng thi, thng tin phi c lm
thch ng vi mng trong cc cch khc nhau.
ATM chia thnh 4 lp dch v (A, B, C, D)
trn c s ca 3 tham s (ng b-tc btphng thc truyn ti).
Bn giao thc lp thch ng (AAL-1,2,3/4 v 5)
c nh ngha cho mi loi
C e ll
r n g
Cng ngh ATM
Lp thch ng ATM
Knh
1
C e ll
Cng ngh ATM
Knh
5
Loi A
(V d: thoi)
AAL-1
Loi B
(V d: Video)
AAL-2
Loi C
AAL-3/4
AAL-3/4
AAL-5
Cc dch v khng ng b
Cc dch v ng b
Cc
Cctrng
trng
thng
thngtin
tincn
cnli
li
44-47
44-47octet
octet
Tc bt
khng i
Loi D
Tc bt bin i
Chuyn giao c lin kt
Chuyn giao
khng lin kt
25
Cc dch v
Tc bit khng i
Burst d liu
D liu ngi s dng
Tc bit thay i
ng gi d liu
Lp AAL
Phn
Phn on
on cc
cc t
t bo
bo
Phn on
v ghp ni
cc dch v
bng rng
khc nhau
Ghp
Cc gi d liu c phn on (
di 48 byte)
Cc t bo ATM trong khung

SDH
K thut theo kiu t bo vi di c nh

S dng phng thc kt ni nh hng (connectionoriented) cho truyn thng tin
T bo ATM : gi c di c nh l 53 octet
5 byte tiu (header)

48 byte cn li dnh cho trng thng tin (d liu ngi s
dng)
Bng tn mm do
Tc rt cao
Ph hp vi mi dch v
B-ISDN (Broadband integrated services digital

network): Mng s a dch v bng rng l khi nim pht
trin hn so vi khi nim mng N-ISDN. Vo u thp k 80
th k 20, ngi ta thy tng lai nhu cu cho cc dch v
cn nhiu bng thng hn so vi cc dch v c N-ISDN
cung cp, ngha l bng thng cn vt qu 2 Mbit/s.
Nu kt hp cc bng thng c nh cho vic iu khin dch
v vi nhng yu cu bng thng thay i th s khng hiu
qu (v d l vic kt hp cc bng thng c nh 2Mbit/s v
140Mbit/s).
ITU-T chn k/n ATM v kh nng linh hot trong tc bit
ca ATM lm k thut c s cho cc dch v B-ISDN.
Cc t bo ATM
(53 byte)
Mng B-ISDN v ATM
Lp ATM
Lp vt l
Cng ngh ATM
Lp Vt l,
lp ATM v
lp AAL
26
Cng ngh IP v Mng Internet

Application
SMTP
FTP
Transport
OSPF ICMP
NNTP
Telnet
NFS
RPC
IGMP
DNS
TFTP BOOTP
etc...
UDP
TCP
BGP
RIP
IP
Network
Link
etc...
ARP
RARP
Data link
Media
(physical)
Ping
Mng
Internet
Mng Internet: Cc dch v lp ng

dng
www: lu tr thng tin

SNMP: Giao thc qun l mng n gin
email: gi/son vn bn, gi km
File transfer: chuyn, sao chp tp tin- FTP
Remote Login: Ni mng/truy cp t xa
H thng qun l tn min (DNS: Domain
Name System
M hnh OSI
7
ng dng
Tr
Trnh din
Phi
Phin
Giao vn
Mng
Li
Lin kt DL
V sao cn m hnh mng

phn lp
Gim phc tp
Tiu chun ha giao din
Thun tin module ha
m bo k thut lin mng
Tng nhanh s pht trin
(nh cu trc m)
Vt l
27
Chc nng ca cc lp
Thng tin gia cc trm
M hnh OSI
ng dng
Tr
Trnh din
Phi
Phin
4
3
2
1
ng dng
Application
M t biu din d liu
Tr
Trnh din
Presentation
Thng tin gia cc trm
Phi
Phin
Kt ni u cui-u cui
Giao vn
nh a ch v nh tuyn
Mng
Truy nhp phng tin
Li
Lin kt DL
Truyn di dng cc bit nh phn
Vt l
HOST B
X l d liu ngi s dng
Session
segments/messages
Giao vn
4
HOST A
Transport
packets
Network
Mng
frames
2
Li
Lin kt DL
bits
Vt l
Data Link
Physical
End-user application process
ng gi d liu
Distributed information services
M hnh OSI
Data
Application
Data
Presentation
Session
Header
Data
Session
Transport
Header
Data
Transport
Data
Network
Presentation
Header
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Network
Header
Frame
Header
0101101010110001
Data
Data Link
Physical
Application
Header
Application
Chc nng
cc lp
trong m
hnh
File transfer, access and management,

document and message interchange, job
transfer and manipulation
Application layer
Syntax-independent message
interchange service
Transfer syntax negotiation, data

representation transformations
Dialog and synchronization control for
application entities
Presentation layer
Session layer
Network-independent message
interchange service
End-to-End message transfer (connection

management, error control, fragmentation,
flow control)
Network routing, addressing, call set-up,
and clearing
Data link control (framing, data
transparency, error control)
Mechanical and electrical network
interface definitions
Transport layer
Network layer
Link layer
Physical layer
Physical connection to network

termination equipment
Data communication network
28
V d v lin mng
M hnh OSI v TCP/IP
Cc gi IP
khng lin kt
M hnh TCP/IP
M hnh OSI
B nh tuyn v/hoc chuyn

mch ph thuc vo ch
truyn ti tch cc
Lp ng dng
Lp trnh din
Lp ng dng
nh tuyn
TCP
TCP
Lp vn chuyn
Lp mng
Lp Internet
Lp lin kt d liu
Lp giao din mng
Lp vt l
APPL
APPL
APPL
APPL
Lp phin
Lp vn chuyn
Ngi s dng
Ngi s dng
nh tuyn
TCP
TCP
IP
IP
IP
IP
IP
IP
IP
IP
Token
Token
ring
ring
Tokenring
Tokenring
X.25
X.25
F.R
F.R
ATM
ATM
X.25
X.25
F.R
F.R
ATM
ATM
LAN
Ethernet
Ethernet
EtheEthernet
rnet
LAN
ng thu
ring
Mng ng
trc din rng
Kt cu h tng da trn
ni kt c lin kt
Ti liu tham kho
Understanding Telecommunications
W. Richard Steven. Published by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 1994
Telecommunications Network
NTT- 1996
Internetworking vi TCP/IP
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Nguyn Quc Cng. Nh xut bn gio dc, 2001

Behrouz A.Forouzan with Sophia Chung Fegan, 2000
http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/
29
Mng my tnh
Mng vin thng

Chng 4: Mng IP
10.0.0.2
10.0.0.3
Host
Mng 10
12.0.0.3
12.0.0.4
10.0.0.1
GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng

BMMVT-Khoa vin thng 1- PTIT
bomonmangvt1@yahoo.com
16.0.0.3
Router
12.0.0.5
2008
12.0.0.7
16.0.0.2
Mng 16
6
M hnh OSI v TCP/IP
Mng IP
L thuyt
M hnh TCP/IP
Lp ng dng
Lp trnh din
Giao thc UDP

Giao thc TCP
Lp ng dng
Lp phin
Lp lin mng
M hnh OSI
B giao thc TCP/IP

Lp ng dng
Lp vn chuyn
16.0.0.5
Mng 12
Giao thc IP
Cu trc gi tin IP
Lp vn chuyn
Lp vn chuyn
Lp mng
Lp Internet
Lp lin kt d liu
QoS trong mng IP
Lp vt l
Minh ha hot ng ca mng IP

8
Lp giao din mng
Cng ngh IP v Mng Internet
B giao thc TCP/IP
TCP/IP c pht trin trc m hnh OSI cc

tng trong TCP/IP khng tng ng hon ton
vi cc tng trong m hnh OSI
B giao thc TCP/IP c chia thnh bn
lp/tng:
Lp 4- Application layer (lp ng dng)

Lp 3- Transport layer (lp vn chuyn)
Lp 2- Internet Layer (lp Internet i khi c gi
l lp lin mng)
Lp 1- Network Access Layer/ Network Interface and
Hardware (lp truy nhp mng, i khi c gi l lp
giao din mng)
10
Application
Ping
TCP
Port 25
FTP
Interface
FTP
TCP
Port 21
TCP
Port 21
TCP
IP
IP
NFS
RPC
TFTP BOOTP etc...
RIP
IP
ARP
Link
DNS
UDP
TCP
Network
RARP
Data link
Media
(physical)
11
TCP
Port 25
Lp ny cung cp cc dch v di dng cc giao

thc cho ng dng ca ngi dng. Mt s ng
dng thng gp:
Ethernet
Driver
etc...
OSPF ICMP IGMP BGP
TCP
NNTP
Telnet
Lp ng dng
SMTP
Interface
FTP
Transport
Hot ng c bn ca chng giao thc

SMTP
SMTP
Ethernet
Driver
implementation
12
FTP: y l mt dch v hng kt ni v tin cy, s dng TCP

cung cp truyn tp gia cc h thng h tr FTP.
HTTP: Trao i cc ti liu siu vn bn h tr WEB.
SMTP: Truyn th in t gia cc my tnh.
www: lu tr thng tin
email: gi/son vn bn, gi km
SNMP: Giao thc qun l mng n gin.
Telnet: Cho php cc phin ng nhp t xa gia cc my tnh.
H thng qun l tn min (DNS: Domain Name System
13
World Wide Web
Dch v tn min DNS(domain name)

ROOT
COM
EDU
INFOR
ORG
NET
VN
EDU
Dng thay a ch IP
nh x gia a ch IP v tn min:
COM
Dch v rt ph bin
Biu din thng tin di dng siu vn bn
Hot ng theo m hnh client/server
PTIT
Tp host hoc DNS
Internet
Trang
Web
Cu to: ptit.edu.vn
My ch
Web
My ch
Web
EDU VNN
ptit: Tn my ch
edu: Tn min mc hai (Do t chc qun l mng quc gia quy nh)
vn: Tn min mc cao nht (M quc gia; com; edu; net;int; org; mil; gov)
Trnh duyt
Web
14
Trnh duyt WEB
My ch
Web
15
Th in t (Email)
Dch v ph bin nht
Nguyn tc lu v chuyn tip
Ngi dng cn c ti khon (account) th
Gi, nhn th: Outlook Express; Eudora
Th in t trn Web: yahoo.com; hotmail.com

Ngi nhn
Ngi gi
Internet
16
17
Truyn tp
Lp vn chuyn (Transport layer)
Cho php truyn tp (FTP)
Ngi dng cn ti khon FTP
Internet
My ch tp
Tp
Lp vn chuyn chu trch nhim chuyn

pht ton b thng bo t tin trnh n
tin trnh (process-to-process).
Hai giao thc lp ny: TCP v UDP, mi
giao thc cung cp mt loi dch v giao
vn:
ftp tn min
hoc a ch IP
Hng kt ni
Phi kt ni
Ngi dng
18
19
Giao thc UDP
UDP Header
Giao thc UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
20
10
16
31
Source Port
Destination Port
Segment length
Checksum
8 octet
UDP l mt giao thc truyn thng phi kt

ni v khng tin cy.
UDP c trch nhim truyn cc thng bo t
tin trnh n tin trnh, nhng khng cung
cp cc c ch gim st v qun l.
UDP cng cung cp c ch gn v qun l
cc s cng nh danh duy nht cho cc ng
dng chy trn mt trm ca mng
y chc nng iu khin lung v nghn ln lp ng

dng
Khng c kh nng p ng nghn, nu gp nghn c
th s gy sp mng (t mng)
Do t chc nng phc tp nn UDP thng c dng
cho cc ng dng khng i hi tin cy cao trong
giao vn.
21
Giao thc TCP: Nhim v ca TCP
Sp xp, m bo rng cc gi n ng th t pha thu

Kim tra v sa li phn d liu ca ngi s dng
iu khin lung gia cc my ch
Phn on
22
Cu trc gi/datagram TCP v UDP
c tnh
TCPdatagram
0
10
16
31
Destination Port
Sequence Number
Acknowledgement Number
Header unusedFlags
Length
Window
Checksum
Urgent Pointer
Source Port
Destination Port
Segment length
Checksum
TCP
UDP
Tin cy
UDPHeader
8 octet
Source Port
20 octet
23
So snh ng dng 2 giao thc lp

vn chuyn trong m hnh TCP/IP
Lp vn chuyn
TCP c bn: Sau khi nhn c mt gi s gi tr v

ACK
gim bt s lng ACK (trnh lng ph bng thng
ci bin giao thc sau khi nhn c mt s
lng gi nht nh, TCP s gi xc nhn.
V d: nu chng ta pha nhn v s lng gi c
quy nh l 3 th chng ta gi xc nhn cho pha gi
sau khi nhn c 3 gi.
u im ca vic lm ny l TCP c th iu chnh vic
gi v nhn cc gi tin.
V d: Hai ngi c th tho thun vi nhau v mt
phin truyn thng. Ngi gi s bt u gi 4 gi, sau
8 gi, sau 16 gi v c nh vy cho ti khi nhn
c xc nhn pha ngi nhn rng mt s gi b
mt.
Data (if any)
Tr
iu khin lung
v nghn
phc tp ca
giao thc
Option Padding
Data (if any)
24
25
Lp lin mng
di ti a header
tnh theo t 32 bt
Phin bn
= 4
32
0 1 2 3 4
time-to-live
13
Khong cch
t datagram
u tin
fragment offset
Ch gm phn
header
header checksum
protocol
Thi gian
sng
15
23
a ch trm (24 bt)
Lp B 1 0
Lp C 1 1 0
a ch mng
a ch trm (16 bt)
a ch mng
source IP address
a ch IP
ngun
destination IP address
V d: nh
tuyn c
bit..
options (if any)
data (if any)
a ch IP
ch
LpD
Q
10.0.0.5
Mng
40.0.0.0
30.0.0.7
Bng nh tuyn ti R
Ti cc hosts trn mng nh tuyn ti a ch ny
20.0.0.0
30.0.0.0
10.0.0.0
40.0.0.0
20.0.0.6
Cha s dng (28 bt)

27
40.0.0.7
Mng
30.0.0.
a ch multicast (28 bt)
Cc tham s QoS trong mng IP
30.0.0.6
Mng
20.0.0.
a ch trm
(8 bt)
26
Mng
10.0.0.0
1 1 1 0
Lp E 1 1 1 1
V d v nh tuyn
20.0.0.5
31
Tng di
(tnh theo
byte)
total length (bytes)

flags
Lp A 0 a ch mng
C nh du
phn mnh
type of service
identification
Lp lin mng - a ch IPv4
Cu trc gi tin IPv4
La chn: tr ti thiu,
thng lng ti a,
tin cy ti a,
ti thiu gi thnh..
version hdr len
Id ca
datagram ban
u
Truyn trc tip

Truyn trc tip
20.0.0.5
30.0.0.7
28
Bng thng (bandwidth)

Tr (delay)
Bin ng tr (jitter)
T l mt gi (packet loss)
kh dng ca mng (availability)
bo mt (security)
29
Mi quan h
gia QoS v NP
Kh nng h
tr dch v
Kh nng khai
thc dch v
Cht lng dch v
QoS trong mng IP
Kh nng truy
nhp dch v
Kh nng duy
tr dch v
Mc hon
ho dch v
Mc an
ton dch v
Kh nng phc v
Cht lng dch v(QoS)
Nhng yu t nh hng n cht lng

trong mng IP
Cht lng mng (NP)

Kh nng
tnh cc
Kh nng x l
lu lng
Tr truyn
lan
Lp k hoch
ng/
m gi
Nng lc
truyn lan
kh dng
X l v hng
i
Cung cp
Qun l
Ti nguyn v
s thun tin
Mc
tin cy
Kh nng
bo dng
H tr
bo dng
Kh nng
truyn dn
tin cy
X l v
hng i
Truyn
lan
X l v
hng i
M/ng
gi
31
Bng thng
L tc truyn thng tin cho mt phin truyn

thng (mt ng dng trn nn IP)/hoc l
rng bng thng ca mt lin kt trong mng IP
Truyn
lan
30
Bng thng
Truyn
lan
64 kbit/giy, 384kb/s,
2 Mbit/giy, 100 Mb/s,
Bi tp: La chn ng i vi
1 lung 5Mb/s vo nt 1 ra nt 4 n nt 6
2 lung 5Mb/s vo nt 1 ra nt 6
1 lung 7mb/s, 1 lung 5Mb/s vo nt 1 ra nt 6
2 10Mb/s
Bng thng thng tin ph thuc vo ngun gi

thng tin v bng thng kh dng ca cc
tuyn ng.
10Mb/s
10Mb/s
5Mb/s
5Mb/s
5Mb/s
5Mb/s
5Mb/s
32
10Mb/s
33
Tr
Tr trong m ha VoIP
Tr l thi gian truyn trung bnh ca dch v t im

vo n im ra khi mng. C nhiu dch v - c bit
l cc dch v thi gian thc nh truyn thng thoi- b
nh hng rt ln bi tr qu ln v khng cn thit
Truyn thng tng tc s tr thnh kh khn khi tr
vt qu ngng 150 ms v khi tr vt qu 200 ms,
ngi s dng s thy s ngt qung v nh gi cht
lng thoi mc thp. cp c thoi cht lng
cao, mng VoIP phi c kh nng m bo tr nh.
Khuyn ngh ITU-T G.114 gii hn thi gian tr vng ti
a chp nhn c l 300 ms gia hai gateway VoIP
(tr mi chiu l 150ms)
B m ha
34
Tc
Khi mu
yu cu
Tr ca b
m ha
trong
trng
hp tt
nht
Tr ca b
m ha
trong
trng
hp ti
nht
ADPCM,
G.726
32 Kb/s
10ms
2,5ms
10ms
CS-ACELP,
G.729A
8 Kb/s
10ms
2,5ms
10ms
MP-MLQ,
G.723.1
6,3 Kb/s
30ms
5ms
20ms
MP-ACELP,
G.723.1
5,3 Kb/s
30ms
5ms
20ms
35
Thnh phn gy tr trong mng
Tr
ng/m gi
Tr x l
Tr hng i
Tr lan truyn
Tr
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
(P1)
(P1)
Tr
Tr x
x l
l v
v hng
hng
i
i (Q1)
(Q1)
36
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
Tr
(P2)
(P2)
Tr
Tr x
x l
l v
v hng
hng
i
i (Q2)
(Q2)
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
Tr
(P3)
(P3)
Tr
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
(P4)
(P4)
Tr m/ng
gi
Tr
Tr x
x l
l v
v hng
hng
i
i (Q3)
(Q3)
38
Tr (delay)
Bin ng tr
Bi tp v tnh tr VoIP
S lng nt trung gian: 5

M ha G.723.1
Tr x l trung bnh 2ms
Tr hng i trung bnh 2ms
Khong cch: 1000Km
Tr
ng/m gi
Tr
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
(P1)
(P1)
Tr
Tr x
x l
l v
v hng
hng
i
i (Q1)
(Q1)
Tr
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
(P2)
(P2)
Tr
Tr x
x l
l v
v hng
hng
i
i (Q2)
(Q2)
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
Tr
(P3)
(P3)
Tr
Tr x
x l
l v
v hng
hng
i
i (Q3)
(Q3)
Tr
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
(P4)
(P4)
Tr m/ng
gi
39
40
kh dng
Tn tht gi
Tn tht, hoc l bit hoc l gi, c nh hng

ln vi dch v IP
Bin ng tr l s khc bit v tr ca cc gi khc nhau

cng trong mt dng lu lng
Bin ng tr c tn s cao c gi l jitter trong khi bin
ng tr c tn s thp c gi l wander
Jitter ch yu do s sai khc v thi gian xp hng ca cc
gi lin tip trong mt lung gy ra v l vn quan trng
nht ca QoS
Jitter qu nhiu c th c x l bng b m, song n li
lm tng tr nn li ny sinh cc kh khn khc. Vi cc c
cu loi b thng minh, cc h thng IP Telephony/VoIP s
c ng b lung thng tin bng cch loi b gi theo kiu
chn la, nhm trnh hin tng walkie-talkie gy ra khi
hai pha hi thoi c tr ng k
Trong khi truyn thoi, vic mt nhiu bit hoc gi

ca dng tin c th to ra hin tng nhy (pop)
thoi gy kh chu cho ngi s dng
Trong truyn d liu, vic mt mt bit hay nhiu
gi c th to gy hin tng khng u trn mn
hnh nht thi song hnh nh (video) s nhanh
chng c x l nh trc
Tuy nhin, nu vic mt gi xy ra theo dy chuyn,
th cht lng ca ton b vic truyn dn s
xung cp
L t phn thi gian mng hot ng trn tng thi gian. Gii
hn thng thng cho mng thoi l 99,999% (nm con
chn) hoc l khong 5,25 pht khng hot ng trong 1
nm. kh dng t c thng qua s kt hp ca tin
cy thit b vi kh nng sng ca mng. kh dng l
mt tnh ton xc sut
khng ch tnh n gin
B 90% C
bng cc tng hp
85%
70%
cc con s
E
75%
75%
42
95%
70%
43
kh dng
bo mt
Tnh sn sng ca
mng
Tng thi gian ngng hot

ng trong mt nm
99%
3,65 ngy
99,5%
1,825 ngy
99,9%
8,76 gi
99,95%
4,38 gi
99,99%
52,56 pht
99,995%
26,28 pht
99,999%
5,25 pht
44
45
Cc phng php ci thin QoS

trong mng IP
bo mt (security) lin quan ti tnh ring

t, s tin cy v xc nhn khch v ch.
Cc vn lin quan n bo mt thng c
gn vi mt vi hnh thc ca phng php mt
m (m ha v gii m) ca c pha mng v
thit b u cui pha ngi s dng.
C th thc hin mt phn bo mt qua
firewall, xc nhn ID v password, nhn thc

trong mng IP (cont.)
Do c im ca loi hnh dch v lu lng

thoi IP cn c h tr cc bin php tng
cng mc QoS m bo vic tha mn
cho cc yu cu t pha ngi s dng. C
nhiu phng php h tr cht lng dch v
trong mng IP
Cc bin php t pha

ngi s dng
tng cng thng

minh ca cc thit b u
cui
s dng dch v vo
nhng thi im hp l
Cc bin php t pha mng
Tc truy nhp cam kt

Xp hng trn c s lp
Lp dch v
Cc dch v phn bit
Quyn u tin IP
Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc
Hu ht cc mng c trin khai vi vi mc

QoS lp 3, h tr cc loi dch v sau:
Xc tin hng i cho cc khung iu khin

m bo hng i cho lu lng VoIP
N lc ti a cho tt c cc lu lng d liu khc
Tr
ng/m gi
Tr
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
(P1)
(P1)
Tr
Tr x
x l
l v
v hng
hng
i
i (Q1)
(Q1)
46
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
Tr
(P2)
(P2)
Tr
Tr x
x l
l v
v hng
hng
i
i (Q2)
(Q2)
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
Tr
(P3)
(P3)
Tr
Tr truyn
truyn lan
lan
(P4)
(P4)
Tr m/ng
gi
Tr
Tr x
x l
l v
v hng
hng
i
i (Q3)
(Q3)
47
10


Router2
Router1
Mng Core
Cc bin php t pha mng (cont.)
Phn lp
cc dch v
Lp chnh sch
cho lu lng
nh du
gi tin
Sp xp
hng i
Kim sot bng

n lu lng
48
Xp hng theo VC
nh tuyn theo chnh sch
Cc hng QoS
Loi b sm ngu nhin
Giao thc d tr ti nguyn
Kiu dch v
nh hnh lu lng
Xp hng hp l theo trng s
49
Kin trc hng i trong router

Mt s cch thc x l hng i
X l gi tin da
vo cc k thut
qun l Queue
Phn loi gi
tin da trn
trng TOS,
DS, TC trong
header
1.Hng i FIFO
Cc gi
n trc
c x l
trc
Hng i
1
.
.
.
Hng i
Hng i
50
51
11
Phn
loi gi
theo
u tin
Phn
loi
2.Hng
i PQ
Lp lch
theo
u tin
ca gi
Cu hi tho lun
1. Lp truyn ti nm u trong b giao thc

TCP/IP (suite)?
High
Medium
Normal
low
2. TCP/UDP nm trong lp no trong m hnh

phn lp TCP/IP
52
Lp vt l
Lp mng
Lp vn chuyn
Lp ng dng
Lp vt l
Lp mng
Lp vn chuyn
Lp ng dng
Cu hi tho lun
3.1. u im ca UDP so vi TCP l
nh gi
Tin cy hn
C kh nng iu khin lung
n gin hn
3.2. u im ca TCP so vi UDP l
n gin hn
Nhanh hn
Tin cy hn
54
53
4. Tiu gi IPv4 c kch thc l

a) 8 byte
b) 20 byte
c) 64 byte
d) C th thay i
5. Tiu UDP c kch thc l
a) 8 byte
b) 20 byte
c) 64 byte
d) C th thay i
6. Tiu UDP c kch thc l
a) 8 byte
b) 20 byte
c) 64 byte
d) C th thay i
7. M hnh TCP/IP thng c my lp?
b) 4 lp
a) 3 lp
d) 7 lp
c) 5 lp
55
12
nh gi
8.1 a ch 203.164.0.11 l a ch
a) Lp A
b) Lp B
d) Multicast
c) Lp C
8.2. a ch 10.12.0.11 l a ch
a) Lp A
b) Lp B
d) Multicast
c) Lp C
8.3. a ch 224.164.0.11 l a ch
a) Lp A
b) Lp B
d) Multicast
c) Lp C
8.4. a ch 162.164.0.11 l a ch
a) Lp A
b) Lp B
d) Multicast
c) Lp C
9.1 Nu gim kch thc ca s TCP i mt na, gi

s RTT l c nh th bng thng t c cho dch
v s dng TCP s:
Gi nguyn nh c
Tng gp i
Gim mt na
56
57
Cu hi tho lun
Ti liu tham kho
Internetworking vi TCP/IP
Nguyn Quc Cng. Nh xut bn gio dc, 2001.
TCP, UDP
FTP, UDP
UDP, SMTP
SMTP, DNS
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Behrouz A.Forouzan with Sophia Chung Fegan, 2000.
Mng my tnh v cc h thng m

Nguyn Thc Hi. NXB Gio Dc, 1997.
10.2 Giao thc no nm trong lp ng dng trong

m hnh TCP/IP:
Gi nguyn nh c
Tng gp i
Gim mt na
9.2 Nu tng RTT ln gp i, gi s kch thc ca

s TCP l c nh th bng thng t c cho dch
v s dng TCP s:
10.1 Giao thc no nm trong lp vn chuyn trong

m hnh TCP/IP?
Cu hi tho lun
TCP/IP cn bn
Tham kho thm
Nguyn Xun Khnh. HVCNBCVT-TTTBCVT2, 11/2004.
FTP, UDP
TCP, UDP
SMTP, DNS
UDP, SMTP
http://www.vnic.net.vn/tainguyen/domainname.htm
58
59
13
Chng 4: Mng IP
Gii thiu chung v VoIP
Mng VoIP
u nhc im
truyn thoi qua Internet, lc kt ni ch

gm mt PC c nhn vi cc trang thit b
ngoi vi thng thng nh card m thanh,
headphone, mic, telephone line, speaker,
modem phn mm ny thc hin nn tn
hiu thoi v chuyn i thng tin thnh cc
gi tin IP truyn dn qua mi trng
Internet.
C rt nhiu chun cho truyn thoi trn nn
IP nhng c hai chun c s dng rng ri
nht l H.323 ca ITU v SIP ca IETF
Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008
Thng 2 nm 1995 hng Vocaltec thc hin
Mng VoIP: Cc gii php m ha

ting ni
Mng VoIP: Cc giao thc v bo hiu
M ho dng sng; M ho ngun; M ho lai

Peak rate (kb/s)
G.711
(PCM)
64
(no compression)
G.726/G.727
G.728
(LD-CELP)
G.729
(CS-ACELP)
G.723.1
A-CELP
MP-MLP
40/32/24
16
8
5,3
6,3
Packet size
(bytes)
Bandwidth
(including overheads)
Compression gain
(relative to
PCM/STM)
40(5ms)
142,4kb/s
0,45
160(20ms)
83,6kb/s
0,77
20(5ms)
110,4kb/s
0,58
80(20ms)
51,6kb/s
1,24
10(5ms)
94,4kb/s
0,68
40(20ms)
35,6kb/s
18
5(5ms)
86,4kb/s
0,74
20(20ms)
27,6kb/s
2,32
4(5ms)
83,5kb/s
0,77
16(20ms)
25,6kb/s
2,5
Codec
Gim cc ph dch v thoi ng di

Nhiu cuc gi hn, gim rng bng
thng cho mi kt ni
H tr thm nhiu dch v b sung khc
v gip trin khai cc dch v mi nhanh
chng, d dng, t ng dch v, pht
hin trng thi, qun l thng tin, m ho
bo mt..
S dng c hiu qu nht giao thc IP:
Tn dng u t, thit b sn c vi nh
iu hnh mng v cung cp dch v
Chun H.323 cung cp nn tng cho vic truyn thng

thoi, video v d liu qua cc mng da trn IP, bao
gm c Internet. H.323 l khuyn ngh ca ITU ni
a ra cc chun truyn thng a phng tin trn cc
mng LANs, cc mng ny khng m bo cht lng
dch v (QoS).
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) l mt giao thc iu
khin tng ng dng c th thit lp, duy tr v gii
phng cc cuc gi hoc cc phin truyn thng. Cc
phin truyn thng c th l in thoi hi ngh, hc t
xa, in thoi Internet v cc ng dng tng t khc.
6
Mng VoIP: H.323
Mng VoIP-H.323
Ngn xp
giao thc
VoIP-H.323
8
Mng VoIP-H.323
Chc nng ca H.323

iu khin
h thng
Audio
(Internet)
M Audio
Chuyn ti
Chuyn i
IP
Mng IP
In/Out
10
Mng VoIP - SIP
Mng VoIP - SIP
nhm mc ch thc hin mt h thng c kh

nng truyn qua mi trng mng IP.
SIP da trn tng ca SMTP v HTTP. N
c nh ngha nh mt client-server trong
cc yu cu c bn gi (bn client) a ra
v bn b gi (server) tr li nhm p ng
yu cu ca bn gi.
SIP s dng mt s kiu bn tin v trng
mo u ging HTTP, xc nh ni dung thng
tin theo mo u c th ging nh giao thc
c s dng trn Web.
Assigned RFC 2543 vo thng 3/1999
11
SIP h tr 5 dch v trong vic thit lp v kt
SIP l mt giao thc chun do IETF a ra
thc cc phin truyn thng:

nh v ngi dng: Xc nh v tr ca ngi
dng tin hnh hi thoi.
Nng lc ngi dng: Xc nh cc phng
thc (phng tin) v cc tham s tng
ng trong hi thoi.
Xc nh nhng ngi sn sng tham gia hi
thoi.
Thit lp cc tham s cn thit cho cuc gi.
iu khin cuc gi: Bao gm c qu trnh
truyn v kt thc cuc gi.
12
Mng VoIP SIP

M hnh tham chiu
Mng VoIP - SIP
Application and System control
User Agent
Redirect
Server
Registral
Server
VoIP (H.323)
ISDN
PSTN
Proxy
Server
Proxy
Server
Gateway
13
Location
Server
TCP
...
...
ntance
message and
presence
Other
Data
services services
eg.
eg. using
PINT
RTSP
initial
ISDN
phone
SIP-extensions
SIP
call
header
Methods
Message body:
SDP, PINT
SIP Gateways
Call
transfer
SIP Servers
Call hold
SIP Terminal
(SIP phones)
AV I/O
equipment
Audio Video
RTP
UDP
IP
14
Mng VoIP - SIP
Mng VoIP - SIP

Cu trc ny c tm tt nh sau:
V c bn cc bn tin SIP c chia lm hai
15
User Agent
Proxy Server
Location
/Redirect Server
Proxy Server
loi:
bn tin yu cu (Request)
bn tin p ng (Respond)
C hai loi bn tin ny u s dng chung mt
nh dng c bn c quy nh trong RFC
2822 vi cu trc gm mt dng khi u
(start-line), mt s trng tiu v mt phn
thn bn tin tu chn.
User Agen
INVITE
Phone to Phone (my t ti my t qua
ACK
Call
Setup
INVITE
INVITE
302
Call
Teardown
INVITE
180 (Ringing)
180 (Ringing)
180 (Ringing)
200 (OK)
200 (OK)
200 (OK)
RTP Media Path

BYE
200 (OK)
302: Moved Temporarily
BYE
200 (OK)
BYE
200 (OK)
17
ACK
Media Path
16
4.5.3
Cc loi hnh dch v thoi qua IP
SIP- C ch302 hot ng

INVITE
generic-message = start-line
*message-header
CRLF
[ message-body ]
Vi start-line
= Request-Line / Status-Line
Message-header =
(general-header/Requestheader/Respone-header/entity-header)
Trong , dng khi u, cc dng tiu hay dng
trng phi c kt thc bng mt k t dng trng,
xung dng (CRLF) v phi lu rng dng trng vn
phi c ngn cch phn tiu v thn ca bn tin
ngay c khi phn thn bn tin l rng.
mng trung gian IP)

PC to Phone (my tnh ti my t)
PC to PC (my tnh ti my tnh: c th
kt ni trc tip qua mng IP hoc c
th gin tip qua mng khc)
19
Phone to Phone (P2P)
PC to Phone
IP phone
PSTN
PSTN
IP network
Gateway
PSTN
Gateway
20
IP network
Gateway
21
Trin khai cc dch v VoIP ca VNPT
IP phone
IP network
3G phone
22
4.5.3
Cc loi hnh dch v thoi qua IP
IP phone
3G phone
PSTN
PC
PC to PC
Gi 171 (Phone 2 Phone, cc dch v ca doanh

nghip khc nh 178-Viettel, 177-Sfone, 179-EVN)
Gi 1717: th tr trc cho cuc gi ng di
trong nc v quc t
Gi 1719: th tr trc cho cuc gi ng di
trong nc v quc t, c th gn ti khon c
nh vo thu bao
Fone VNN: PC2PC v PC2Phone
23
Ni dung chnh
Chng 5:
Xu hng pht trin mng
vin thng v dch v
Nguyn Th Thu Hng

BMMVT-PTIT
24
Trends in Telecommunications Networks and

Services Development
S hi t ca cc mng v dch v
vin thng
Mng th h sau NGN
Cng ngh mng ring o (VPN)
Cc cng ngh mng khng dy v
di ng
25
Vin thng Vit Nam

S ngi s dng Internet Vit Nam
Vit Nam, giai on hin nay l giai

on chuyn dch gia cng ngh th h c
(chuyn mch knh) dn cng ngh th
h mi (chuyn mch gi) din ra
trong h tng c s thng tin
trong cc cng ty khai thc dch v
trong cch tip cn ca cc nh khai
thc mi khi cung cp dch v cho
khch hng
27
Theo s thu bao quy i
Dn s: 85 triu (2007)
> 70% dn s ngoi thnh
S thu bao in thoi : >40 tr.
S ngi s dng Internet > 16 tr.
~1,2 triu thu bao ADSL (12/2007)
30
Xu hng pht trin CNTT vin thng trn th

gii v nh hng i vi cu trc mng vin thng
S ngi s dng Internet Vit Nam
Xu hng pht trin cng ngh in t - tin
Theo s ngi s dng
hc-vin thng
31
Cc xu hng pht trin trong

cng ngh mng [ITU TSB]
Cng ngh in t vi xu hng pht trin hng

ti s tch hp ngy cng cao ca cc vi mch
S pht trin ca k thut s
S kt hp gia truyn thng v tin hc, cc phn
mm hot ng ngy cng hiu qu
Cng ngh quang lm tng kh nng tc v
cht lng truyn tin, chi ph thp ...
33
Xu hng pht trin cng ngh vin thng:
Cng ngh truyn dn: Cng ngh quang

CL
IP
Cnh tranh vi
CO
CO
PSTN/ISDN
Mi trng vin thng

QoS khng c m QoS c m bo
QoS cao
bo
CO = Hot ng kt ni nh hng
CL = Hot ng khng kt ni
= Song hng
34
ATM
quang ha
Cng ngh chuyn mch: tch hp vi mch, k
thut s, ATM: kt hp knh+gi, a dch v,
a tc , chuyn mch quang
Cng ngh truy nhp: Kt hp truyn thng v
tin hc: c cc kiu truy nhp nh quang, cp
ng (ADSL, HDSL ), v tuyn
35
2000
1990
Xu hng pht trin ca
Xu hng pht trin mng v dch v
cc dch v vin thng
Cc dch v
hin nay ca
mng hin ti
Cc dch v pht
trin tip theo ca
mng th h mi
Cc dch v hin
nay ca mng th
h mi
S pht trin mng
Xen k
CLEC,ISP,
ITSP
36
Cc dch v pht
trin tip theo ca
mng hin ti
S pht trin dch v
IEC v LEC
truyn thng
Cc dch v phc v kinh

Cc dch v phc v thng thng phc v cc
doanh
h thu bao
Cc
loi dch v
9Dch v qung b TV/HDTV
(CAD/CAM/CAE)
9Dch v qung b gio dc t xa
- in thoi
- in bo
- in thoi v tuyn
- Truyn s liu trn
ng thoi (Datel)
- Telex
- Fax
- in thoi
- in bo
37
s lng, kiu loi v cht lng dch v tng nhanh v

a dng
S tng trng v a dng ny cn ty thuc vo nhu
38
9Ch bn, x l nh
9Cc dch v video tr tin theo ln xem
9Trao i cc hnh nh ho c 9Dch v video theo yu cu
phn gii cao
9Dch v qung co, cho hng qua video
9Mua hng t xa
9Ch bn, x l nh
9a phng tin tng tc
9Trao i cc hnh nh ho c 9Th in t a phng tin
9Cc dch v 700, 800, 900 a phng tin
phn gii cao
9Gio dc tng tc t xa
9Dch v Internet c h tr a phng tin
9Cc tr chi in t tng tc
9in thoi a phng tin v thc ti o
- in bo
- Telex
- Fax
- in thoi
- in bo
Bng rng
nh ng, a phng tin
Truyn hnh cht lng cao HDTV
cao
9T vn, chiu chp y khoa
1870
- in bo
Xu hng pht trin ca dch v vin thng
9Dch v truyn hnh nh tc 9Dch v phn b tn hiu video

9 T ng thit k
1970
- ng dng B-ISDN
- HDTV
- Truyn bn tin video
- Video tng tc
- a phng tin
- Chuyn i ngn ng
- in thoi b ti
- Nhn dng ting ni
- S im cui-im cui
- H s dch v c nhn
- Di ng s
- Cc dch v thng tin v
tinh
- Thng tin c nhn
1980
- Mng ring o
- Nhn tin quc t
- Lm vic t xa
- Mua hng ti nh
- Bo ch ti nh
- Fax mu
- ng dng ISDN
- ng dng ISDN
- Hot ng ngn hng - Hot ng ngn hng ti nh
- in thoi th
ti nh
- Cc dch v thay th in
- in thoi th
thoi min ph
- Cc dch v thay th
in thoi min ph - Bo chung la chn
- Bo chung la chn - B phiu t xa
- Phn phi cc cuc gi t
- B phiu t xa
ng
- Phn phi cc cuc
- Trung tm dch v (Centrex)
gi t ng
- Trung tm dch v din rng
- Trung tm dch v
- Th in t
(Centrex)
- Videotext
- Trung tm dch v
- in thoi di ng
din rng
- Nhn tin
- Th in t
- Skyphone
- Videotext
- in thoi thy hnh
- in thoi di ng
- Nhn tin v tuyn
- Fax gi r
- Nhn tin
- iu khin t xa
- Skyphone
- in thoi thy hnh - o lng t xa
- D liu nng cp
- Nhn tin v tuyn
- in thoi v tuyn
- Fax gi r
- Datel
- iu khin t xa
- Telex
- o lng t xa
- Fax
- D liu nng cp
- in thoi
- in thoi v tuyn
- in bo
- Datel
- Telex
- Fax
- in thoi
- in bo
- Y t t xa
- a phng tin tng tc
- Thc ti o
- VoIP
- Fax over IP
- in thoi a phng tin
- Game online
- CATV
- Dch v trc tuyn
- ng dng B-ISDN
- HDTV
- Truyn bn tin video
- Video tng tc
- a phng tin
- Chuyn i ngn ng
- in thoi b ti
- Nhn dng ting ni
- S im cui-im cui
- H s dch v c nhn
- Di ng s
- Cc dch v thng tin v tinh
- Thng tin c nhn
- Mng ring o
- Nhn tin quc t
- Lm vic t xa
- Mua hng ti nh
- Bo ch ti nh
- Fax mu
- ng dng ISDN
-
cu ca cc i tng khch hng khc nhau: Dch v,

t nhn, cng ty, nhm v cc t chc...
40
5.2 Mng th h sau NGN
Dch v thoi
Dch v
d liu
Dch v a
phng tin
Mng
ring o
Tnh ton
mng cng
cng
Bn tin
hp nht
Mi gii
thng tin
Thng mi
in t
Dch v
chuyn cuc
gi
Tr chi
tng tc
Thc t o
phn tn
Qun l
ti nh
ng lc pht trin
Cu trc v c im
Mng NGN ca Vit Nam
41
Mt s dch v chnh trong mng NGN
c im mng NGN
Khi nim: Mng vin thng th h sau l mt mng c h

tng thng tin duy nht da trn cng ngh gi c th
trin khai nhanh chng cc loi hnh dch v khc nhau
da trn s hi t gia thoi v s liu, gia c nh v di
ng
Mng NGN c th c m t l mng thc hin d dng ba
vn sau:
Truy nhp c lp ti ni dung (content) v ng dng

kh dng cao, mng li v mng truy nhp c bng thng ln, h
tr a dch v
L mt bng cho php pht trin v trin khai nhanh chng cc ng
dng tch hp vo ngi s dng u cui
43
42
Xy dng trn nn tng h thng m

Cc dch v c lp vi mng
Mng NGN l mng chuyn mch gi
Mng NGN c dung lng ngy cng
tng
44
Cu trc phn lp mng NGN

(phn lp chc nng)
Lp truyn thng
Lp truy nhp v truyn dn

45
Lp iu khin
Lp qun l
Lp ng dng
46
Mt s m hnh cu trc mng NGN v gii php
Cc t chc quc t vi vic xy dng m

hnh cu trc mng th h sau NGN
mng ca mt s nh cung cp dch v vin thng
Mng th h sau l vn thu ht s quan tm ca nhiu t chc vin

thng, in hnh l hot ng ca cc t chc vin thng sau y :
ITU-T cc nhm SG16, SG11, SG13, SG2, SG8
IETF vi cc nhm PINT WG, MMUSIC WG, IPTEL, SIGTRAN WG
MSF ( Multiservice Switching Forum Din n chuyn mch a dch
v)
ETSI vi d n TIPHONE (Telecom & Internet Protocol
Harmonization over Network Giao thc vin thng v Internet trn
mng)
ATM Forum (Din n ATM)
ISC (International Softwitch Consortium T chc quc t nghin cu
v chuyn mch mm)
TINA (Telecom. Information Networking Architecture Consortium
Hip hi nghin cu cu trc mng thng tin vin thng)
AMF (Asian Multimedia Forum - Din n chu v a phng tin)
S
49
M HNH NGN CA ALCATEL :

Alcatel a ra m hnh mng th h sau vi cc lp :
Dch v/bo hiu
mng c
Lp dch v mng
Thit b mng
c
Cu trc vt l mng NGN
Cc
dch v
mng
c lp
Lp iu khin
Lp trung gian
Lp truy nhp v truyn ti
Khch hng
Ngi s dng
Truy nhp t
xa
56
To/qun l/
mng/dch v
M hnh mng NGN ca Siemens
SNMP,
CMIP,
IP, SS7, MSF,

MGCP
Lp dch v
mng
SEN
MSW : Chuyn mch thit b,

NGDLC/DSLAM :
RC : B iu khin nh
tuyn
SEN : Nt thc hin
dch v,
SGW : Cng bo hiu,
TGW : Cng trung k,
WGW: Cng v tuyn.
Dch v/bo hiu

mng tha k
SS7, ISDN, B-ISDN,

RADIUS,
SGW
MGC
TGW
Thit b mng
tha k
RC
MSW
DGW
AGW
Lp
iu khin
Lp
WGW thit b
CSW Lp truy nhp
Trung k TDM
/truyn ti
ADM
Khch hng
DCS
Truy nhp tch

hp
PPP/ATM/FR
IAD
IS41/GR-303
IP/ATM
GR-303/
TR-008
IP/
ATM
ADSL/TR-057
Cc thnh phn
ca mng th h
sau (M hnh
ca Alcatel)
Gii php mng NGN ca Siemens da trn cu
Cc
dch v
mng
c lp
Truy nhp v tuyn
ADSL
NGDLC/
DSLAM
Mng truy
nhp
Truy nhp v tuyn 3G
57
Cu trc mng th h sau (m hnh ca Siemens)

Khai bo v qun l dch
v
Qun l
kt ni
Qun l
mng
ng lc pht trin
Cu trc v c im
Mng NGN ca Vit Nam
iu
khin
ISDN
Mng truy nhp a dch v
IP,ATM,FR...
CABLE
V tuyn
Lp
truy
nhp
DN
Lp
Truyn dn quang
chuyn
ti
Cc mng hin c
nh tuyn/ chuyn mch
nh tuyn/ chuyn mch
59
POTS,ISDN
Cng ni
58
Lp
PSTN/
trc phn tn, xo i khong cch gia mng PSTN

v mng s liu. Cc h thng a ra vn da trn
cu trc pht trin ca h thng chuyn mch m
ni ting ca Siemens l EWSD
Siemens gii thiu gii php mng th h mi c tn
SURPASS
AGW : Cng truy nhp,

CSW : Chuyn mch chnh,
LAD : Thit b truy nhp tch
hp,
MGC : B iu khin cng
thit b,
T 2002, VNPT phi hp vi hng Siemens

(c) lp t thit b v th nghim mng NGN.
Thng 11-2003, VNPT lp t xong v a vo s
dng pha 1 mng NGN, ch yu tp trung lp t
mng core ca NGN.
nng cao nng lc mng li, VNPT u t xy
dng pha 2 vo ngy 15-8-2004.
11/2006: D n m rng VoIP pha 4
62
Cu trc phn lp NGN
Hn ch ca PSTN v nhu cu
pht trin NGN
Cng nhc trong vic phn b bng thng

Kh khn trong vic t hp mng
Kh khn trong vic cung cp dch v mi
u t cho mng PSTN ln
Gii hn trong pht trin mng
Khng p ng c s tng trng
nhanh ca cc dch v d liu
63
Giao tip chun
Thnh
phn
NGN
Lp
qun
l
Lp iu khin
Giao tip chun
Lp ng dng/
dch v
Mng
li
Lp chuyn ti
dch v
Thnh
phn c
lin quan
n NGN
Lp truy nhp
dch v
Thit b u cui
64

Khai bo v qun
l dch v
M hnh mng NGN ca Siemens
Qun l
kt ni
Qun l
mng
Lp
iu
khin
PSTN/
cu trc phn tn, xo i khong cch gia

mng PSTN v mng s liu. Cc h thng
a ra vn da trn cu trc pht trin ca
h thng chuyn mch m ni ting ca
Siemens l EWSD
Siemens gii thiu gii php mng th h
mi c tn SURPASS
ISDN
Mng truy nhp a dch v
POTS,ISDN
Cng ni
V tuyn
65
Lp
IP,ATM,FR...truy
CABLE
Gii php mng NGN ca Siemens da trn
nhp
DN
Truyn dn quang
Lp
chuyn
ti
Cc mng hin c
nh tuyn/ chuyn mch
nh tuyn/ chuyn mch
66
Mng NGN ca Vit Nam
SURPASS hiG l h cc h thng ca ng trung gian
y c th coi l h thng ch tp trung (centralized

server) cho Lp iu khin ca mng vi chc nng
nh mt h thng ca ng (gateway) mnh iu
khin cc tnh nng thoi, kt hp kh nng bo hiu
mnh kt ni vi nhiu mng khc nhau. Trn h
thng ny c khi chuyn i bo hiu bo hiu s 7
ca mng PSTN/ISDN sang giao thc iu khin ca
ng trung gian MGCP
Tu theo chc nng v dung lng, SURPASS hiQ
c chia thnh cc loi
(media gateway) t cc mng dch v cp di ln

SURPASS hiQ, h thng nm bin mng ng trc,
chu s qun l ca SURPASS hiQ. H ny c chc nng:
SURPASS hiQ 10, 20 hay

SURPASS hiQ 9100, 9200, 9400
67
Phn chnh ca SURPASS l h thng SURPASS hiQ,
Ca ng cho qun l truy cp t xa (RAS): chuyn i s liu t

modem hay ISDN thnh s liu IP v ngc li
Ca ng cho VoIP: nhn lu lng thoi PSTN, nn, to gi v
chuyn ln mng IP v ngc li
Ca ng cho VoATM: nhn lu lng thoi PSTN, nn to gi v
chuyn thnh cc t bo ATM, chuyn ln mng ATM v ngc
li
SURPASS hiG c phn chia thnh nhiu loi theo chc

nng v dung lng, t SURPASS hiG 500, 700, 1000 n
SURPASS hiG 2000, 5000
68
NetManager
NGN Management
Mng NGN ca Vit Nam
NGN Control
SURPASS hiA l h thng truy nhp a dch v
SURPASS
NG Management
SURPASS
hiQ
SURPASS hiS
(Multi - Service Access) nm lp truy nhp ca

NGN, phc v cho truy nhp thoi, xDSL v cc
dch v s liu trn mt nn duy nht. cung cp
cc gii php truy nhp, SURPASS hiA c th kt
hp vi cc tng i PSTN EWSD hin c qua giao
din V5.2, cng nh cng vi SURPASS hiQ to
nn mng th h mi. SURPASS hiA c phn
chia thnh nhiu loi theo cc giao din h tr (h
tr thoi xDSL, truy nhp bng rng, leased - line
kt ni Internet trc tip. Kt hp chc nng ca
ng trung gian tch hp, gm c VolP/VoATM)
thnh cc loi SURPASS hiA 7100, 7300, 7500
69
NGN Control
Switc
SURPASS
hiG
Media
Gateways
Switc
Switc
SURPASS
NG Switching
PSTN/
Mobile Network
NGN Core
IP/Optical
Backbone
SURPASS
hiT
NGN Access
TNMS
AccessIntegrator
Media
Gateway
SURPASS
hiG
Triple Play
Voice, Video,
Data
Metro
Optics
Multi-Service
Access
SURPASS
NG Optics
SURPASS hiX
Access
Gatewa
y
SURPASS
NG Access
PB
CP
LA
Residential
Business
Tn cc lp thit b trong h thng thit b NGN ca Siemens

70
M hnh NGN gii php Surpass:

VoIP
NGN VNPT
(2006)
International Traffic
HP Openview *
MMA #
2 softswitch H Ni
v thnh ph HCM
3 router trc M160
H Ni, thnh ph
HCM, Nng (dung
lng chuyn mch 160
Gbps)
Lp t cc cng
gateway phng tin
(Media Gateway) v
ph cp dch v xDSL
trn hu ht 61 tnh
trn ton quc.
NetM
HANOI VOICE CENTER
hiQ 9200 hiR200
hiQ20/30
My ch
ng dng
My ch
ng dng
ERX
ERX
3xE1
MG Hue
ERX
E1
Multilayer
Switch
3xE1
ERX
MG Dong nai
* Management Terminal for

XP and CRX
# Multimedia Application
Server
MG Danang
72
MG Khanh hoa
Cu trc mng bo hiu trin

khai trong giai on 2006-2010
My ch
ng dng
My ch
ng dng
My ch
ng dng
SIP/Megaco
My ch
ng dng
SIP/Megaco
ISUP
STP
Mng
Mngtrc
trc
IP
IP
RTP
PSTN
PSTN
Media Gateway
73
Megaco/H.248
SG
SG
Sigtran
P/
SI
MGC
H Ni
o
ac
eg
API m
BICC/SIP
MGC
HCM
ISUP
Megaco/H.248
SIP
M
eg
ac
o
M
eg
ac
o
SI
P/
Sigtran
API m
M
eg
ac
o
MGC
HCM
P/
ac
eg
E1
E1
ac
eg
BICC
Megaco/H.248
Media Gateway
2xE1
MG Can tho
MG Quang Ninh
P/
MGC
H Ni
RTP
ERX
E1
E1
SI
o
ac
eg
API m
STP
PSTN
PSTN
3xE1
MG Vung Tau
SIP/Megaco
P/
SG
ISUP
M
P/
SI
ERX
E1
optional
ERX
My ch
ng dng
SI
API m
STM-1
STM-1
MG Hai Phong
SI
P/
M
eg
ac
o
CRX
SI
P/
SIP/Megaco
STM-1
hiQ20/30
6xE1
ERX
STM-1
2xE1
71
Multilayer
Switch
STM-1
E1
ERX
2xE1
My ch
ng dng
Sigtran
hiQ9200
ERX
2xE1
NetM
Boot/remote
CRX (MRX)
BackBone Package
Multilayer Switch
6xE1
3xE1
HCMC VOICE CENTER

ERX
VTI H.323 Network

CRX (MRX)
Cu trc mng bo hiu trin

khai trong giai on 2004-2006
SI
ERX
Megaco/H.248
SIP
MGC
N
STP
PSTN
PSTN
RTP
Media Gateway
Mng
Mngtrc
trc
IP
IP
RTP
Media
Gateway
IP phone
74
D n m rng VoIP pha 4
D n m rng VoIP pha 4
Tng cng kh nng h tr cc c tnh ca cc

loi tng i : tng i transit, quc gia v quc t
Cho VTN kh nng kt ni MEGACO/H.248 hay
MGCP
H tr giao din SIP kt ni ti cc SS khc v
min SIP khc.
hiG1200, hiG1100
hiQ4200 cho kt ni kinh doanh v thoi
ngi s dng (fix and mobile network)
75
Nng cp softswitch ln hiE9200V3.2
76
Gii thiu mt s dch v trn nn NGN ca VNPT
Dch v bo cuc gi t Internet

Call Waiting Internet (CWI)
TRUYN HNH HI NGH

(Video Conferencing)
Destination
1719 xxxx
VoD (Video on Demand)
3. Quay s b gi B
Dch v thoi min ph 1800

(Free Phone)
Dch v cuc gi thng mi min ph

Comercial Free Call Service
Dch v mng ring o

Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Dch v truy nhp INTERNET qua
ADSL
77
Dch v Thng tin gii tr 1900
uy
tr
1. M
Switch
SS7
p
nh
dc
i s
3. G
2. A
nno
u
PSTN / ISDN
7
SS
ua
i q
g
v
h
P
MGC
CC DCH V D LIU
Dch v thoi min ph t trang WEB

(FCB)
1.
1. 1719
1719 LL <CN>
<CN> Announcement
Announcement
B
B number
number (PSTN
(PSTN routing)
routing)
2.
2. 1719
1719 LL <CN>
<CN> Announcement
Announcement
## B
B number
number (IP
(IP Routing)
Routing)
SURPASS
SURPASS
hiQ
hiQ 9200
9200
Dch v thoi qua trang Web (WDP)
(Premium rate service)
Dch v 1719
IPTV
i B
b g
C
P
Dch v thoi VoIP tr trc 1719
2.1. La chn ngn ng

2.2. Nhn dng s gi
2.3. Nhn m c nhn PIN v kim tra
(valid, blocked, in used, no credit)
2.4. Kt thc vic nhn dng thu bao
nghe thy m mi quay s
CC DCH V A PHNG TIN
G
CP
M
G
CC DCH V THOI
Switch
nce
men
t&
bearer
SURPASS
SURPASS
hiG
hiG 1000
1000 V3T
V3T
SURPASS
SURPASS
hiR
hiR 200
200
DTM
F
SS7
PSTN / ISDN
dialo
IP Core Network
r
beare
4. Call set up
SURPASS
SURPASS
hiG
hiG 1000
1000 V3T
V3T
78
Dch v thoi min ph t trang

web (Free Call Button)
Dch v
1800/1900
FreecallButton
Server
SIP/PINT+
LDAP
Web server
of company
hiQ 30
79
HTTP(S)
PSTN Network
Switch
hiG 1000 VxP
hiQ 4000
TIF
H.323
Called/ Calling Party

PRI
PSTN Network
SS7 ISUP
SS7 ISUP
TDM trunk
TDM trunk
Switch
80
Dch v hi ngh truyn hnh

81
Dch v hi ngh truyn hnh

IP Network
Web browser
PC phone application
82
Dch v mng ring o MegaWAN

(VPN)
Dch v IPTV
Truyn hnh qua mng s
dng giao thc IP
IP Network
Operator Access
Network
On-Demand Media
TV via STB
Operator
Headend
83
Live Media
http://www.vtn.com.vn
84
Dch v MegaVNN
85
Tham kho
[1]. Ti liu tp hun NGN - Nguyn Qu Minh Hin 2003
[2]. nh hng t chc mng vin thng ca VNPT
n 2010 TCT Bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam,
H Ni, 08-2001, trang 1-20
[3] Thng tin v cc dch v trn nn NGN ca VNPT do
VTN cung cp, http://www.vnpt.com.vn,
http://www.vtn.com.vn
[4] http://www.siemens.com/surpass
[5] nh ngha ca ITU-T v NGN:
http://www.itu.int/ITUT/studygroups/com13/ngn2004/working_definition.
html
86

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GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng

Yu cu bi tp Mng vin thng

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

chc nng cc lp ca m hnh giao thc TCP/IP. So

Phn 4 : Xu hng pht trin mng v dch v

Phn 2 : Cc mng chuyn mch knh v chuyn gi

Bi tp: Gm phn t chn v phn bt buc

Yu cu bi tp Mng vin thng

Cu 9: Phn tch xu hng pht trin mng vin thng v dch v

Phn 5 : Bi tp m rng (BT BUC)

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

Gii thiu chung v mng vin thng

V m hnh phn lp chc nng, cu trc vt l ca mng cung cp

Khi nim vin thng

Cc phn t cu thnh mng vin thng

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

1.1 Cc phn t cu thnh mng vin thng

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

Cc phn t cu thnh mng vin thng

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

Nt l mt im trung gian trn mng vin thng ni thc

Cc phn t cu thnh mng vin thng

Thit b u cui (Terminal Device) l thit b giao tip vi ngi

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

Cc phn t cu thnh mng vin thng

Khi nim v nt v lin kt

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

Cc phn t cu thnh mng vin thng

Dch v vin thng v mng

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

"Dch v vin thng"

Mng vin thng

Mng mang dch v

Dch v vin thng v mng mang

Phn loi mng vin thng

Ngoi ra, cn c th phn loi theo

Theo ngi s dng:

Phn loi theo loi tin tc: thoi, d liu,

Phn loi mng vin thng

Theo tin trnh lch s

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

Cc quan im phn loi dch v vin

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

Dch v vin thng v mng mang

Phn loi mng vin thng

Phn loi mng vin thng

Theo tin trnh lch s

Mng tin in bo trc khi c Morse

Theo tin trnh lch s

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

(Primitive Telegraph before Morse)

Phn loi mng vin thng

Mng in thoi cng cng

GV: Nguyn Th Thu Hng 2008

Mng truyn s liu: truyn s liu gia cc my

Theo tin trnh lch s