1

Complex Numbers
1. (a) z z1 = 1 locus of point representing z is the
z z2

7. Distance If z1 and z 2 are two complex numbers, then the

distance between z1 , z 2 is | z1 z 2 |.

perpendicular bisector of line joining z1 and z 2 .

8. The equation of the line [in parametric form] joining z1 and

z 2 is given by z = tz1 + (1 t ) z 2 .
Where t is a real parameter.
The equation of the line [non-parametric form] joining z1
and z 2 is given by
z
z 1
z z1
z z1
or z1 z1 1 = 0
=
z 2 z1 z 2 z1
z2 z2 1

(b) | z | Re ( z ) | z | , | z | Im( z ) | z |
(c) If a and b are real numbers and z1 , z 2 are complex
numbers, then
| az1 + bz 2 |2 + | bz1 az 2 |2 = ( a 2 + b 2 )(| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 )
2. If z1 , z 2 , z 3 are three distinct complex numbers a , b , c are
three positive real numbers such that
a
b
c
, then
=
=
| z 2 z 3 | | z 3 z1 | | z1 z 2 |
2

a
b
c
+
+
=0
z 2 z 3 z 3 z1 z1 z 2
3. If ai , bi , ci ( i = 1, 2, 3 ) are complex numbers and
a1
z = a2
a3

b1
b2
b3

c1
a1
c2 , then z = a2
c3
a3

b1

c1

b2
b3

c2
c3

4. If cos + cos + cos = sin + sin + sin = 0, then

(a) cos ( 2 ) + cos ( 2 ) + cos ( 2 ) = 0
(b) sin ( 2 ) + sin ( 2 ) + sin ( 2 ) = 0
(c) cos ( + ) + cos ( + ) + cos ( + ) = 0
(d) sin ( + ) + sin ( + ) + sin ( + ) = 0
(e) sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 = 3 / 2
(f) cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 3/ 2
(g) sin ( 3 ) + sin ( 3 ) + sin ( 3 ) = 3sin ( + + )
(h) cos ( 3 ) + cos ( 3 ) + cos ( 3 ) = 3cos ( + + )
5. If cos A + cos B + cos C = 0, sin A + sin B + sin C = 0, then
2
2
2
(a) A B =
,B C =
,C A =
3
3
3
(b) 2 A B C = 0, 2B C A = 0, 2C A B = 0
6. If l cos A + m cos B + n cos C = 0,
l sin A + m sin B + n sin C = 0, then
(a) l 3 cos 3 A + m3 cos 3B + n 3 cos 3C
= 3lmn cos ( A + B + C )
(b) l 3 sin 3 A + m3 sin 3B + n 3 sin 3C
= 3lmn sin ( A + B + C )

9. The general equation of a line is az + az + b = 0, where b is

a real number.
10. Complex slope of a straight line If A ( z1 ), B ( z 2 ) are two
points in the argand plane, then the complex slope () of the
z z2
straight line AB is given by = 1
z1 z 2
11. Parallel and perpendicular lines Two lines having
complex slopes 1 and 2 which are
(a) parallel iff 1 = 2
(b) perpendicular iff
1 = 2
or
1 + 2 = 0
12. Angle between two lines If A ( z1 ), B ( z 2 ), C ( z 3 ), D ( z 4 )
are four points in the argand plane, then the angle between
z z2
the lines AB and CD is given by = arg 1

z3 z4
13. Collinear points z1 , z 2 , z 3 are collinear iff
z1 z1 1
(a) z 2 z 2 1 = 0
z3

z3 1

z z1
(b) 3
is purely real
z 2 z1
(c) arg ( z 2 z1 ) = arg ( z 3 z1 )
(d) Three complex number z1 , z 2 , z 3 are in AP.
14. Reflection of a line Reflection of the line in the real axis is
az + az = 0
Reflection of the line az + az = 0 in the imaginary axis is
also az + az = 0

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

15. Length of the perpendicular from a point to a line The

length of the perpendicular from a point z1 to the line
az + az + b = 0 is given
az1 + az1 + b
by
2 |a |
16. Section formulae
(a) Two points P and Q have affixes z1 and z 2 respectively in
the argand plane, then the affix of a point R dividing PQ
in the ratio m : n
mz + nz1
mz nz1
(i) internally is 2
(ii) externally is 2
m+ n
m n
z + z2
(b) If R is the mid point of PQ, then affix of R is 1
.
2
17. Area of the triangle with vertices z1 , z 2 and z 3 is
2

( z z 3 )| z1 |
2
sq unit.
4 iz1

18. Equilateral triangle The triangle whose vertices are the

points z1 , z 2 , z 3 on the argand plane is an equilateral triangle
iff
z12 + z 22 + z 32 = z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1
1
1
1
+
+
=0
z1 z 2 z 2 z 3 z 3 z1

or

19. If the complex numbers z1 , z 2 , z 3 be the vertices of an

equilateral triangle and if z 0 be the circumcentre of the
triangle, then z12 + z 22 + z 32 = 3 z 02
The centroid of the triangle (in the argand
1
plane), formed by z1 , z 2 , z 3 is given by ( z1 + z 2 + z 3 )
3

20. Centroid

The incentre of the triangle (in the argand plane),

az + bz 2 + cz 3
formed by z1 , z 2 , z 3 is 1
where
a+b+c
a = | z 2 z 3 |, b = | z 3 z1 |, c = | z1 z 2 |

21. Incentre

22. Excentres The excentres of the triangle (in the argand

plane), formed by z1 , z 2 , z 3 are
given by,
az1 + bz 2 + cz 3
az bz 2 + cz 3
(i) I1 =
(ii) I 2 = 1
a+b+c
ab+c
az1 + bz 2 cz 3
(iii) I 3 =
,
a+bc
where a = | z 2 z 3 |, b = | z 3 z1 |, c = | z1 z 2 |
23. Circumcentre The circumcentre of the triangle (in the
Argand plane), formed by
z1 z1 ( z 2 z 3 )
z1 , z 2 , z 3 is given by
z1 ( z 2 z 3 )
24. Orthocentre The orthocentre of the triangle (in the argand
plane), formed by z1 , z 2 , z 3 is given by
z12 ( z 2 z 3 ) + | z1 |2 ( z 2 z 3 )
( z1 z 2 z1 z 2 )

25. Parallelogram z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4
are
parallelogram iff z1 + z 3 = z 2 + z 4

vertices

of

26. Square If z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 are the vertices of a square in that

order, then
(a) z1 + z 3 = z 2 + z 4
(b) |z1 z 2 | = | z 2 z 3 | = | z 3 z 4 | = | z 4 z1 |
(c) | z1 z 3 | = | z 2 z 4 |
( z z3 )
(d) 1
is purely imaginary.
( z2 z4 )

Circle
27. The equation of a circle having centre z 0 and radius r is
| z z 0 | = r or zz z 0 z z 0 z + z 0 z 0 r2 = 0
28. The equation of the circle described on the line segment
joining z1 and z 2 as diameter is
( z z1 ) ( z z 2 ) + ( z z 2 )( z z 2 ) = 0
or
| z z1 |2 + | z z 2 |2 = | z1 z 2 |2
29. The general equation of a circle is zz + az + az + b = 0,
where b is a real number
The centre of the circle is a and its radius is aa b
30. | z z1 |2 + | z z 2 |2 = k ( k R ) will represent a circle iff
1
k | z1 z 2 |2
2
31. Concyclic points Four points z1 , z 2 , z 3 and z 4 are
( z z 3 )( z 2 z 4 )
concyclic if and only if 1
is purely real.
( z1 z 4 )( z 2 z 3 )
32. Locus of z (in the argand plane) such that
(a) | z z1 | + | z z 2 | = k is an ellipse, if k > | z1 z 2 | is a
straight line, if k = | z1 z 2 |
(b) | z z1 | | z z 2 | = k is an ellipse, if k < | z1 z 2 | is a
straight line, if k = | z1 z 2 |
(c) | z z1 |2 + | z z 2 |2 = | z1 z 2 |2 is a circle (with z1 and
z 2 as ends of a diameter)
z z1
(d)
= k ( k 1) is a circle
z z2
z z1
(e) arg
= a fixed angle, is a circle.
z z2
33. The least value of | z a | + | z b | is | a b |.
34. If P represents a complex number z in the argand diagram
and OP is rotated through an angle and Q is the new
position of P, then the complex number represented by Q is
z (cos + i sin ).
35. amp ( z n ) = n amp ( z )
36. Product of the nth roots of any complex number z is
z ( 1)n 1 .
37. If z +

1
= a , a is positive real number, then
z
a + a2 + 4
a + a2 + 4
| z |
2
2

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option]

n

1 + i
1. The smallest positive integer n for which
= 1, is
1 i (1980, 2M)
(a) 8
(b) 16
(c) 12
(d) None of these
2. The complex numbers z = x + iy which satisfy the equation

z 5i
= 1, lie on
z + 5i
(a) the x-axis
(b) the straight line y = 5
(c) a circle passing through the origin
(d) None of the above
5

(1981, 2M)

4. The inequality | z 4 | < | z 2 | represents the region given

by
(1982, 2M)
(a) Re ( z ) 0
(b) Re ( z ) < 0
(c) Re ( z ) > 0
(d) None of these
5. If z = x + iy and w = (1 iz ) / ( z i ), then | w | = 1 implies
that, in the complex plane
(1983, 1M)
(a) z lies on the imaginary axis
(b) z lies on the real axis
(c) z lies on the unit circle
(d) None of the above
6. The points z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 in the complex plane are the vertices
of a parallelogram taken in order, if and only if
(1983, 1M)
(a) z1 + z 4 = z 2 + z 3
(b) z1 + z 3 = z 2 + z 4
(c) z1 + z 2 = z 3 + z 4
(d) None of these
7. If a , b , c and u , v, w are the complex numbers representing the
vertices of two triangles such that c = (1 r ) a + rb and
w = (1 r ) u + rv, where r is a complex number, then the
two triangles
(1985, 2M)
(a) have the same area
(b) are similar
(c) are congruent
(d) None of these
(1987, 2M)

(d) i

(1987, 2M)

(c) 0

14. For positive integers n1 , n2 the value of expression

(1 + i )n1 + (1+ i 3 )n1 + (1 + i 5 )n2 + (1 + i 7 )n2 , here i = 1 is a
real number, if and only if
(1996, 2M)
(a) n1 = n2 + 1
(b) n1 = n2 1
(c) n1 = n2
(d) n1 > 0, n2 > 0
15. If is an imaginary cube root of unity, then (1 + 2 )7 is
equal to
(1998, 2M)
(a) 128
(b) 128
(c) 128 2
(d) 128 2
13

16. The value of sum ( i n + i n + 1 ), where i = 1 equals

n =1

(b)
2

(d)
2

10. The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and cos x i sin 2x

are conjugate to each other, for
(1988, 2M)
(a) x = n
(b) x = 0
(c) x = ( n + 1/ 2 )
(d) no value of x

(1998, 2M)

(b) i 1
(d) 0

(a) i
(c) i
6i

3i

17. If 4
20

3i
3

1 = x + iy, then
i

(a) x = 3, y = 1
(c) x = 0, y = 3

(1998, 2M)

(b) x = 1, y = 1
(d) x = 0, y = 0
334

365

1 i 3
1 i 3
+ 3 +

18. If i = 1, then 4 + 5 +
is
2
2
2

2
equal to
(1999, 2M)
(a) 1 i 3
(b) 1 + i 3
(c) i 3

9. If z1 and z 2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that

| z1 + z 2 | = | z1 | + | z 2 | , then arg ( z1 ) arg ( z 2 ) is equal to
(a)

12. Let z and w be two non-zero complex numbers such that

| z | = | w | and arg ( z ) + arg ( w ) = , then z equals (1995, 2M)
(a) w
(b) w
(c) w
(d) w
13. Let z and w be two complex numbers such that | z | 1, | w | 1
and | z + i w | = | z iw | = 2 , then z equals
(1995, 2M)
(a) 1 or i
(b) i or i
(c) 1 or 1
(d) i or 1

3 i
3 i
3. If z =
+ +
, then
2 2
2 2
(1982, 2M)
(a) Re ( z ) = 0
(b) Im ( z ) = 0
(c) Re ( z ) > 0, Im ( z ) > 0 (d) Re ( z ) > 0, Im ( z ) < 0

6
2k
2k
8. The value of sin
i cos
is
k =1
7
7
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) i

11. If ( 1) is a cube root of unity and (1 + )7 = A + B, then

A and B are respectively
(1995, 2M)
(a) 0, 1
(b) 1, 1
(c) 1, 0
(d) 1, 1

(d) i 3

19. If arg ( z ) < 0 , then arg ( z ) arg ( z ) equals

(a)
(c) / 2

(2000, 2M)

(b)
(d) / 2

20. If z1 , z 2 and z 3 are complex numbers such that

1
1
1
| z1 | = | z 2 | = | z 3 | = +
+ = 1, then | z1 + z 2 + z 3 | is
z1 z 2 z 3
(2000, 2M)
(a) equal to 1
(b) less than 1
(c) greater than 3
(d) equal to 3
21. Let z1 and z 2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right
angled at the origin, then n must be of the form (where k is an
integer)
(2001, 1M)
(a) 4 k + 1
(b) 4 k + 2
(c) 4 k + 3
(d) 4k

Chapter 1

22. The

Complex Numbers

complex

numbers

and

z1 , z 2

z3

satisfying

z1 z 3 1 i 3
are the vertices of a triangle which is
=
z2 z3
2
(2001, 1M)
(a) of area zero
(b) right-angled isosceles
(c) equilateral
(d) obtuse-angled isosceles
1
3
, then value of the determinant
+i
2
2
1
1
1
2
1 1 2 is

23. Let =

(2002, 1M)

(a) 3
(c) 3 2

(b) 3 ( 1)
(d) 3 (1 )

24. For all complex numbers z1 , z 2 satisfying | z1 | = 12 and

| z 2 3 4 i | = 5, the minimum value of | z1 z 2 | is
(2002, 1M)

(a) 0
(c) 7

(b) 2
(d) 17

z 1
25. If | z | = 1 and w =
(where z 1), then Re ( w ) is
z +1
(2003, 1M)
1
(a) 0
(b)
| z + 1|2
1
1
(c)
2
z + 1 | z + 1|

(d)

2
| z + 1|2

26. If ( 1) be a cube root of unity and (1 + 2 )n = (1 + 4 )n ,

then the least positive value of n is
(2004, 1M)
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 6
27. The minimum value of | a + b + c 2 |, where a, b and c are
all not equal integers and ( 1) is a cube root of unity, is
(2005, 1M)

1
(b)
2
(d) 0

(a) 3
(c) 1

28. The shaded region, where P = ( 1, 0 ), Q = ( 1 + 2 , 2 )

R = ( 1 + 2 , 2 ), S = (1, 0 ) is represented by
y
Q
x'

O
R

y'

(2005, 1M)

(b) | z + 1| < 2, |arg ( z + 1)| <

2

(c) | z + 1| > 2, |arg ( z + 1) | >

4

(d) | z 1| < 2, |arg ( z + 1)| >

2
(a) | z + 1| > 2, |arg ( z + 1)| <

29. If w = + i, where 0 and z 1, satisfies the condition

w wz
that
is purely real, then the set of values of z is
1 z
(2006, 3M)
(a) | z | = 1, z 2
(c) z = z

(b) | z | = 1 and z 1
(d) None of these

30. A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards the
North-East (N 45 E) direction. From there, he walks a
distance of 4 units towards the North-West (N 45 W)
direction to reach a point P. Then, the position of P in the
Argand plane is
(2007, 3M)
(a) 3ei / 4 + 4 i
(b) ( 3 4 i ) ei / 4
(c) ( 4 + 3 i )ei / 4

(d) ( 3 + 4 i ) ei / 4

31. If | z | = 1 and z 1, then all the values of

z
1 z 2

lie on
(2007, 3M)

(a) a line not passing through the origin

(b) | z | = 2
(c) the x-axis
(d) the y-axis
32. A particle P starts from the point z 0 = 1 + 2i, where i = 1.
It moves first horizontally away from origin by 5 units and
then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a point
z1 . From z1 the particle moves 2 units in the direction of the

vector $i + $j and then it moves through an angle

in
2
anticlockwise direction on a circle with centre at origin, to
reach a point z 2 . The point z 2 is given by
(2008, 3M)
(a) 6 + 7i
(b) 7 + 6i
(c) 7 + 6i
(d) 6 + 7i
15

33. Let z = cos + i sin . Then, the value of

Im( z 2 m 1 ) at

m =1

= 2 is
1
(a)
sin 2
1
(c)
2 sin 2

(2009)

1
(b)
3 sin 2
1
(d)
4 sin 2

34. Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are

integers. Then, the area of the rectangle whose vertices are
the roots of the equation zz 3 + zz 3 = 350 is
(2009)
(a) 48
(b) 32
(c) 40
(d) 80

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]

1. If z1 = a + ib and z 2 = c + id are complex numbers such that
| z1 | = | z 2 | = 1 and Re ( z1 z 2 ) = 0, then the pair of complex
numbers w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id satisfies
(1985, 2M)
(a) | w1 | = 1
(b) | w2 | = 1
(c) Re ( w1 w2 ) = 0

3. Let z1 and z 2 be two distinct complex numbers and let

z = (1 t ) z1 + tz 2 for some real number t with 0 < t < 1. If
arg (w) denotes the principal argument of a non-zero
complex number w, then
(2010)
(a) | z z1 | + | z z 2 | = | z1 z 2 |
(b) arg ( z z1 ) = arg ( z z 2 )
z z1
z z1
(c)
=0
z 2 z1 z 2 z1

(d) None of these

2. Let z1 and z 2 be complex numbers such that z1 z 2 and

| z1 | = | z 2 |. If z1 has positive real part and z 2 has negative
z + z2
imaginary part, then 1
may be
(1986, 2M)
z1 z 2
(a) zero
(c) real and negative

(d) arg ( z z1 ) = arg ( z 2 z1 )

(b) real and positive

(d) purely imaginary

Match the Columns

1. Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with statement in Column II.
z 0 is a complex number
Column I
(A) Re( z ) = 0
(B) arg ( z ) =

z
4

Column II
(p)
(q)

Re ( z 2 ) = 0
Im ( z 2 ) = 0

(r)

Re (z 2 ) = Im (z 2 )
(1992, 2M)

2. Match the statements of Column I with these in Column II.

[Note : Here z takes values in the complex plane and Im ( z ) and Re ( z ) denote respectively, the imaginary part and the real part of z]
Column I

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Column II

The set of points z satisfying | z i | z || = | z + i | z || is contained in or equal

to
The set of points z satisfying | z + 4 | + | z 4 | = 0 is contained in or equal to
1
If | w | = 2, then the set of points z = w is contained in or equal to
w
1
If | w | = 1, then the set of points z = w + is contained in or equal to
w

(p)

an ellipse with eccentricity 4/5

(q)
(r)

the set of points z satisfying Im ( z ) = 0

the set of points z satisfying |Im z | 1

(s)

the set of points satisfying |Re z | 2

(t)

the set of points z satisfying |z| 3

(2010)

Passage Based P roblem

Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Let A, B, C be three sets of complex number as defined below
A = {z : Im z 1}
B = {z : | z 2 i | = 3}
C = {z : Re((1 i ) z ) + 2}
(2008, 12M)
1. The number of elements in the set A B C is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d)

2. Let
z be any point in
A B C . The
| z + 1 i |2 + | z 5 i |2 lies between
(a) 25 and 29
(b) 30 and 34
(c) 35 and 39
(d) 40 and 44
3. Let z be any point in A B C and let w be any point
satisfying | w 2 i | < 3. Then, | z | | w | + 3 lies between
(a) 6 and 3 (b) 3 and 6 (c) 6 and 6 (d) 3 and 9

Integer Answer Type Questions

1. If z is any complex number satisfying | z 3 2i | 2, then
the maximum value of | 2 z 6 + 5i | is
(2011)
2. Let = ei / 3 and a , b , c, x, y, z be non-zero complex
numbers such that a + b + c = x, a + b + c 2 = y,
a + b 2 + c = z.

Then, the value of

| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2
| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2

is

(2011)

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

Fill in the Blanks

x

x
sin 2 + cos 2 i tan ( x )
is real, then
1. If the expression

x
1 + 2 i sin 2

the set of all possible values of x is .

(1987, 2M)
2. For any two complex numbers z1 , z 2 and any real numbers a
and b, | az1 bz 2 |2 + | bz1 + az 2 |2 = K .

(1988, 2M)

3. If a and b are real numbers between 0 and 1 such that the

points z1 = a + i , z 2 = 1 + bi and z 3 = 0 form an equilateral
triangle, then a = K and b = K .
(1990, 2M)

4. ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC and BD intersect at the

point M and satisfy BD = 2 AC . If the points D and M
represent the complex numbers 1 + i and 2 i respectively,
then A represents the complex number or .
(1993, 2M)
5. Suppose z1 , z 2 , z 3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle
inscribed in the circle | z | = 2. If z1 = 1 + i 3, then z 2 = K,
(1994, 2M)
z3 = .
6. The value of the expression
1 ( 2 ) ( 2 2 ) + 2( 3 ) ( 3 2 ) + ... +
( n 1) ( n ) ( n 2 ) ,
where is an imaginary cube root of unity, is . (1996, 2M)

True/False
1. For complex numbers z1 = x1 + iy1 and z 2 = x2 + iy2 , we
write z1 z 2 , if x1 x2 and y1 y2 . Then, for all complex
1 z
numbers z with 1 z, we have
0
1+ z
(1981, 2M)

2. If the complex numbers, z1 , z 2 and z 3 represent the vertices

of an equilateral triangle such that | z1 | = | z 2 | = | z 3 |, then
(1984, 1M)
z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 0.
3. The cube roots of unity when represented on Argand diagram
form the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
(1988, 1M)

Analytical & Descriptive Questions

a + ib
, prove that
c + id

1. If x + iy =

( x2 + y2 )2 =

a2 + b2
c2 + d 2

(1978, 2M)

2. If x = a + b, y = a + b, z = a + b, where , are
complex cube roots of unity, show that xyz = a 3 + b 3 .
3. Express

1
in the form A + iB.
(1 cos ) + 2i sin

( x + 1) x 1.

8. Prove that the complex numbers z1 , z 2 and the origin form an

equilateral triangle only if z12 + z 22 z1 z 2 = 0.

(1983, 2M)

(1979, 3M)

9. If 1, a1 , a2 , ....., an 1 are the n roots of unity, then show that

(1979, 3M)

10. Show that the area of the triangle on the Argand diagram
1
formed by the complex number z , iz and z + iz is | z |2
2

(1 a1 ) (1 a2 ) (1 a3 ) K (1 an 1 ) = n

4. It is given that n is an odd integer greater than 3, but n is not a

multiple of 3. Prove that x3 + x2 + x is a factor of
n

7. A relation R on the set of complex numbers is defined by

z z2
is real.
z1 R z 2 , if and only if 1
z1 + z 2
Show that R is an equivalence relation.
(1982, 2M)

(1984, 2M)

(1986, 2

(1980, 3M)

5. Find the real values of x and y for which the following

equation is satisfied
(1 + i ) x 2i ( 2 3i ) y + i
+
= i.
3+ i
3 i
( 1980, 2M)

1
M)
2

11. Complex numbers z1 , z 2 , z 3 are the vertices A , B , C

respectively of an isosceles right angled triangle with right
angle at C. Show that ( z1 z 2 )2 = 2( z1 z 3 ) ( z 3 z 2 )
(1986, 2

1
M)
2

6. Let the complex numbers z1 , z 2 and z 3 be the vertices of an

12. Let z1 = 10 + 6i and z 2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex number

equilateral triangle. Let z 0 be the circumcentre of the

triangle. Then prove that z12 + z 22 + z 32 = 3 z 02 .
(1981, 4M)

such that the argument of ( z z1 ) / ( z z 2 ) is / 4 , then

prove that | z 7 9i | = 3 2.
3

13. If iz + z z + i = 0, then show that | z | = 1.

(1991, 4M)
(1995, 5M)

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

where p,q are distinct primes. Show that either

14. | z | 1,| w | 1, show that

| z w |2 (| z | | w | )2 + (arg z arg w )2

(1995, 5M)

15. Find all non-zero complex numbers z satisfying z = iz 2 .

(1996, 2M)

1+ + 2 + ..... + p 1 = 0
1+ + 2 + ..... + q 1 = 0
but not both together.
or

(2002, 5M)

16. Let z1 and z 2 be the roots of the equation z 2 + pz + q = 0,

where the coefficients p and q may be complex numbers.

20. If z1 and z 2 are two complex numbers such that | z1 | < 1 < | z 2 |,

Let A and B represent z1 and z 2 in the complex plane. If

AOB = 0 and OA = OB, where O is the origin prove

that p 2 = 4 q cos 2 .
(1997, 5M)
2

(2003, 2M)

17. Let bz + bz = c, b 0, be a line in the complex plane, where

b is the complex conjugate of b. If a point z1 is the reflection
of the point z 2 through the line, then show that c = z1 b + z 2 b .
(1997C, 5M)

18. For complex numbers z and w, prove that

| z |2 w | w |2 z = z w , if and only if z = w or z w = 1.
(1999, 10M)

19. Let a complex number , 1, be a root of the equation

then prove that

1 z1 z 2
< 1.
z1 z 2

21. Prove that there exists no complex number z such that | z | <
n

and ar z r = 1, where | ar |< 2.

(2003, 2M)

r =1

22. Find the centre and radius of the circle formed by all the
points represented by z = x + iy satisfying the relation

z
= k ( k 1), where and are the constant complex
z
numbers given by = 1 + i 2 , = 1 + i 2 .

(2004, 2M)

23. If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle

| z 1| = 2 is 2 + 3i. Find the other vertices of square.
(2005, 4M)

z p + q z p z q + 1= 0

Answers
Objective Questions I
1. (d)
8. (d)
15. (d)
22. (c)
29. (b)

2. (a)
9. (c)
16. (b)
23. (b)
30. (d)

3. (b)
10. (d)
17. (d)
24. (b)
31. (d)

4. (d)
11. (b)
18. (c)
25. (a)
32. (d)

5. (b)
12. (d)
19. (a)
26. (b)
33. (d)

6. (b)
13. (c)
20. (a)
27. (c)
34. (a)

B p;

C p, s, t;

D q, r, s, t

7. (b)
14. (d)
21. (d)
28. (a)

Objective Questions II
1. (a, b, c)

2. (a, d)

3. (a, c, d)

Match the Columns

1. A q;

B p

2. A q, r;

Passage Based Problem

1. (b)

2. (c)

3. (d)

Integer Answer Type Questions

1. (5)

2. (3)

Fill in the Blanks

1. x = 2n + 2 , = tan 1 k , where k (1, 2 ) or x = 2n
i
3i
4. 3 or 1
5. z 2 = 2, z 3 = 1 i 3
2
2

True / False
1. True

2. True

1
3

3. True

2. ( a 2 + b 2 )(| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 )
1
6. n ( n 1)( n 2 + 3n + 4 )
4

3. a = b = 2 3

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

Analytical & Descriptive Questions

3. A + iB =

15. z = i ,

cot

2 1 + 3 cos 2

1 + 3 cos 2

5. x = 3 and y = 1

3 i

2
2

22. Centre =

k 2
1 k

k ( )

, Radius =
2
1 k

23. z 2 = 3 i , z 3 = (1 3 ) + i and z 4 = (1 + 3 ) i

Hints & Solutions

Objective Questions I
n

1. Since,

1 + i

=1
1 i

1 + i 1 + i

=1
1 i 1 + i

2i
=1
2

2. Given,

z is purely real. ie Im ( z ) = 0
4. Given, | z 4 | < | z 2 |

in = 1

The smallest positive integer n for which i n = 1 is 4.

3 i
3 i
z =
+ +
, then
2
2
2
2

If

n=4

z 5i
= 1
z + 5i

Since, | z z1 | > | z z 2 | represents the region on right side of

perpendicular bisector of z1 and z 2 .

| z 2| > | z 4 |

Re( z ) > 3 and Im( z ) R

y

| z 5i | = | z + 5i |

(if | z z1 | = | z z 2 | , then it is a perpendicular bisector of z1

and z 2 )

x'

(2,0) (3,0)

(4,0)

y
y'

(0,5)
O

x'

(0,5)

Perpendicular bisector of (0, 5) and (0, 5) is x-axis.

3 i
3 i
3. Given, z =
+ +

2
2
2

1 + i 3
1 i 3
Q =

and 2 =
2
2

Now,

1 + i 3
3+i
= i
= i
2
2

and

1 i 3
3i
= i 2
= i
2
2

1 iz
= 1 | z i | = |1 iz |
z i

y'

Hence, option (d) is correct.

5. Since, | w | = 1

z = ( i )5 + ( i 2 )5 = i 2 + i
= i( 2 ) = i ( i 3 ) = 3

Re( z ) < 0 and Im( z ) = 0

Alternate Solution
We know
z + z = 2Re( z )

|z i | = |z + i |
(Q |1 iz | = | i || z + i | = | z + i | )
It is a perpendicular bisector of ( 0, 1) and ( 0, 1)
ie, x-axis
Thus, z lies on real axis.
6. Since, z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 are the vertices of parallelogram.
D(z4)

A(z1)

C(z3)

B(z2)

Mid point of AC = mid point of BD

z1 + z 3 z 2 + z 4

=
2
2

z1 + z 3 = z 2 + z 4

Chapter 1
7. Since a , b , c and u , v, w are the vertices of two triangles.
c = (1 r ) a + rb and w = (1 r ) u + rv
a u 1
Consider
b v 1
c w 1
Also,

(i)

Applying R3 R3 {(1 r ) R1 + rR2 }

a
u
1
=
b
v
1
c (1 r ) a rb w (1 r ) u rv 1 (1 r ) r
a u 1
= b v 1
0 0 0
=0
Hence, two triangles are similar.

[form Eq. (i)]

2k
2k

8. sin
i cos

k =1
7
7
6

i cos

k =1

2k
2k
+ i sin

7
7

6 i 2 k
= i e 7
k = 1

= i {ei 2 / 7 + ei 4 / 7 + ei 6 / 7
+ ei 8 / 7 + ei10 / 7 + ei12 / 7 }

(1 ei12 / 7 )
= i ei 2 / 7

1 ei 2 / 7

i2 / 7

i14 / 7

e
e
= i
i2 / 7
1

ei 2 / 7 1
= i
=i
i2 / 7
1 e

9. Given, | z1 + z 2 | = | z1 | + | z 2 |
On squaring both sides, we get
| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 + 2| z1 || z 2 | cos (arg z1 arg z 2 )
= | z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 + 2 | z1 | | z 2 |

2| z1 | | z 2 | cos (arg z1 arg z 2 ) = 2 | z1 | | z 2 |

cos (arg z1 arg z 2 ) = 1

arg ( z1 ) arg ( z 2 ) = 0
10. Since, (sin x + i cos 2x ) = cos x i sin 2x

sin x i cos 2x = cos x i sin 2x

sin x = cos x and cos 2x = sin 2x
tan x = 1 and tan 2x = 1

x = / 4 and x = / 8 which is not possible at same time.

Hence, no solution exist.
7

(1 + ) = (1 + ) (1 + )

11.

2 6

= (1 + ) ( )

= 1+
A + B = 1 + A = 1, B = 1

w = rei , then w = re i

Let

z = rei (

= rei e i

= re i = w
| z + iw | = | z iw | = 2

13. Given,

| z ( iw ) | = | z ( iw ) | = 2
| z ( iw ) | = | z ( iw ) |.

z lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line joining iw

and iw. Since iw is the mirror image of iw in the x-axis,
the locus of z is the x-axis.
Let
z = x + iy and y = 0.
| z | 1 x2 + 02 1 1 x 1.

z may take values given in (c).

Alternate Solution
| z + i w | | z | + | iw |
= | z | + |w |
1+1= 2

| z + iw | 2

| z + i w | = 2 holds when
arg z arg i w = 0
z
arg

=0
iw
z
is purely real
iw
z
is purely imaginary

w
Similarly, when | z i w | = 2,
z
then is purely imaginary
w
Now, given relation
| z + iw | = | z iw | = 2
put
w = i, we get
| z + i2 | = | z + i2 | = 2

(Q e i14 / 7 = 1)

Complex Numbers

12. Since, | z | = | w | and arg ( z ) = arg ( w )

Now,

put

| z 1| = 2
z = 1
w = i , we get
| z i2 | = | z i2 | = 2

(Q | z | 1)

| z + 1| = 2

z =1
z = 1 or 1 is the one correct option given.

(Q | z | 1)

14. (1 + i )n1 + (1 i )n1 + (1 + i )n2 + (1 i )n2

= [ n1 C 0 +

n1

C1 i +

n1

+ [ n1 C 0

C2i2 +
n1

+ [ n2 C 0 +

n1

C1 i +
n2

C3i3 + K ]

n1

C1 i +

C2i2
n2

n1

C2i2 +

+ [ n2 C 0 n2C1 i +

n2

C 3 i 3 + ...]
n2

C3i3 + K ]

C2i2

n2

C 3 i 3 + .. ]

10

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

= 2[ n1 C 0 +

n1

C2 i2 +

n1

C4i4 + K ]

+ 2[ n2 C 0 +
= 2 [ n1 C 0

n1

n1

C2 +

n2

n2

C2i2 +

C4i4 + K ]

C 4 K ] + 2 [ n2 C 0

n2

C2

n2

C 4 ...]

This is a real number irrespective of the values of n1 and n2 .

Alternate Solution
{(1 + i )n1 + (1 i )n1 } + {(1 + i )n2 + (1 i )n2 }
a real number for all n1 and n2 R.
[Q z + z = 2Re( z ) (1 + i )n1 + (1 i )n1 is real number for
all n R]
Hence, option (d) is the best option.
15. (1 + 2 )7 = ( 2 2 )7
(Q1 + + 2 = 0 )
= ( 2 2 )7 = ( 2 )7 14 = 128 2
16.

13

13

13

n=1

n=1

n=1

i (1 i )
1 i

= (1 + i ) i = 1 + i
Alternate Solution
Since, sum of any four consecutive powers of iota is zero.
13

(i + i

n+1

n=1

14

+ (i + i + K + i ) = i + i = i 1
6i
17. Given, 4
20

3i
3i
3

1
1 = x + iy
i

1 i 3

4 + 5 +
2
2
= 4 + 5

1
3
+
i
2
2

334

334

+ 3

= 4 + 5 ( )

Similarly,

z1 z1 = 1
z 2 z 2 = 1, z 3 z 3 = 1

365

Again now,

| z1 + z 2 + z 3 | = 1

| z1 + z 2 + z 3 | = 1

| z1 + z 2 + z 3 | = 1

z1n
z 2n

= ( i )n i n = 1

(Q | z 2 | = | z1 | = 1)
B (z2)

z2
z i
= 2 e 2
z1
z1
O
z2
= i (Q | z1 | = | z 2 | = 1)
z1

+ 3 ( 3 )121 2
(Q 3 = 1)
2

= 1 + 2 + 3 (1 + + ) = 1 + 2 + 3 0
(Q 1 + + 2 = 0)

z2
n
=i
z1

z1 and z 2 are nth roots of unity

z1n = z 2n = 1
n

z2
=1
z1

in = 1

n = 4 k, where k is an integer

= 1 + ( 1 + 3i ) = 3i.
arg ( z ) =

z1

= cos + i sin = i
z2
2
2

n = 4k
Alternate Solution
z

Since, arg 2 =
z1
2

= 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 3 2

1
1
1
+
+ = 1
z
z
z
1
2
3

365

= 4 + 5 + 3 2

19. Since, arg ( z ) < 0

| z1 |2 = 1

1 i 3

+ 3 +
2
2

3 111

| z1 | = 1

21. Since, arg 1 =

z2 2

1
1
6i
3i 4
1 1 = x + i y
i
i
20
(QC 2 and C 3 are identical)
x + iy = 0

x = 0, y = 0.
18. If in a complex number a + ib , the ratio a : b is 1 : 3 , then it
always convert the complex number in .
Since,

Now,

13

) = (i + i + K + i )
2

arg z arg ( z )
z
= arg
= arg ( 1) =
z
| z1 | = | z 2 | = | z 3 | = 1

and also

20. Given,

( i n + i n + 1 ) = i n (1 + i ) = (1 + i ) i n
= (1 + i ) ( i + i 2 + i 3 + K + i13 ) = (1 + i )

z = r cos ( ) + i sin ( )
y
= r (cos i sin )
And z = r [cos i sin ]
(z)

r
= r [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
x

arg ( z ) =
O
r
Thus, arg ( z ) arg ( z )
(z)
= ( ) =
Alternate Solution
Reason : arg ( z ) arg z
z
= arg
= arg ( 1) =
z

A (z1)

Chapter 1
22.

z1 z 3 1 i 3 (1 i 3 )(1 + i 3 )
=
=
z2 z3
2
2 (1 + i 3 )
=
=

z2

25. Since, | z | = 1 and

1 i2 3

2 (1 + i 3 )
4
2 (1 + i 3 )

z1

z3

z2 z3 1 + i 3

=
= cos + i sin
z1 z 3
2
3
3

From Eq. (i),

2

(Q 4 = )

| z1 | | z 2 3 4 i | |3 + 4 i |
12 5 5 (using | z1 z 2 | | z1 | | z 2 | )

| z1 z 2 | 2
Alternate Solution
Clearly from the figure | z1 z 2 | is minimum when z1 , z 2 lie
along the diameter.
y
B
Z1

Z2

y'

1
( 0 + 1 + 1)
2
Hence, minimum value of | z | is 1 .
28. Since, | PQ | = | PS | = | PR | = 2
z2

24. We know, | z1 z 2 | = | z1 ( z 2 3 4 i ) ( 3 + 4 i )|

12

z 2 = | a + b + c 2 |2

and we have taken a = b ( a b )2 = 0

= 3 2 3 = 3 ( 1)

C2

=1

= ( a 2 + b 2 + c2 ab bc ca )
1
or
z 2 = {( a b )2 + ( b c )2 + ( c a )2 } (i)
2
Since, a , b , c are all integers but not all simultaneously equal.
If a = b then a c and b c
Because, difference of integers = integer.
( b c )2 1 {as minimum difference of two consecutive

= 2 + 2 3 + 2 ( 4 2 2 + 1)

C1

(Q 3 = 1 and 1 + + 2 = 0)

n = 3 is the least positive value of n.

27. Let z = | a + b + c 2 |

= ( 2 )( 1) ( 1)

x'

(Q | z | = 1)

integers is ( 1)} also ( c a )2 1

4)

1+ w
1 w

|1 + w |
|1 w |

( )n = ( 2 )n

Applying R2 R2 R1 ; R3 R3 R1
1
1
1
= 0 2 2 2 1
2
1
0 1

,
(3

z=

|1 w | = |1 + w |
On squaring both sides, we get

z 1
z +1

4 | w | Re | w | = 0 Re ( w ) = 0
26. Given, (1 + 2 )n = (1 + 4 )n

1
1
1
23. Let = 1 1 2 2

11

[using | z1 z 2 |2 = | z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 2 | z1 | | z 2 | Re ( z1 z 2 )]

Therefore, triangle is equilateral.

| z| =

1 + | w |2 2 | w | Re ( w ) = 1 + | w |2 + 2 | w | Re ( w )

z z3
z z 3
= 1 and arg 2
2
=
z

z
z1 z 3 3
1
3
Hence, the triangle is an equilateral.
Alternate Solution
z1 z 3 1 i 3

=
z2 z3
2
z2 z3
2
1 +i 3

=
=
z1 z 3 1 i 3
2

= cos + i sin
3
3
z2 z3
z z3
and also 2
arg
=1
=
z1 z 3
z1 z 3 3

Complex Numbers

z 1 = wz + w

/3

(1 + i 3 )

w=

| z1 z 2 | C 2 B C 2 A 12 10 = 2

z2 1

Shaded part represents the external part of circle having

centre ( 1, 0 ) and radius 2.
As we know equation of circle having centre z 0 and radius r,
is | z z 0 | = r

| z ( 1 + 0i )| > 2

| z + 1| > 2
Also, argument of z + 1 with respect to positive direction of
x-axis is /4.

(i)

arg ( z + 1)
4
and argument of z + 1 in anticlockwise direction is / 4
(ii)

/ 4 arg ( z + 1)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
|arg ( z + 1) | / 4
w wz
29. Let z1 =
, be purely real.
1 z

z1 = z1

12

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers
w wz w wz
=
1 z
1 z

z 2 = ( 6 + 2 cos 45 , 5 + 2 sin 45 ) = ( 7, 6 ) = 7 + 6i
By rotation about (0, 0),
z2
= ei / 2
z 2

w wz wz + wz z = w zw wz + wz z

( w w ) + ( w w ) | z |2 = 0
( w w ) (1 | z |2 ) = 0

|z | =1

(as, w w 0, since 0)

| z | = 1 and z 1.
Therefore, (b) is the answer.
30. Let OA = 3, so that the complex
p
number associated with A is
3ei / 4 . If z is the complex number
associated with P, then

z 2 = ( 7 + 6i ) cos + i sin = ( 7 + 6i )( i ) = 6 + 7i

2
2
y

33. Given that z = cos + i sin = ei

4

z 3ei / 4

4
4i
= e i / 2 =
3
0 3ei / 4 3
i / 4
i / 4
3 z 9e
= 12 ie

3e i/4
A

z
1 z

=
=

m =1

m =1

x'

15

/4

= sin + sin 3 + sin 5 + ... + sin 29

+ 29
15 2
sin
sin

2
2
=
2
sin
2
sin (15 )sin (15 )
1
=
=
sin
4 sin 2

y'

cos + i sin
1 (cos 2 + i sin 2 )
cos + i sin

34. Since, zz ( z 2 + z 2 ) = 350

2 ( x2 + y2 )( x2 y2 ) = 350

( x2 + y2 )( x2 y2 ) = 175
Since, x, y I , the only possible case which gives integral
solution, is

lies on the imaginary axis ie, y-axis.

1 z 2
Alternate Solution
z
z
1
Let E =
which is imaginary.
=
=
2
2
zz
1 z
zz z

x2 + y2 = 25
2

x y =7

Imaginary axis

32.

Im ei (2 m 1)

m =1

2sin 2 2i sin cos

cos + i sin
i
=
=
2i sin (cos + i sin ) 2 sin
Hence,

15

31. Let z = cos + i sin

15

Im( z 2 m 1 ) = Im( ei )2 m 1

z = ( 3 + 4 i ) e i / 4 .

i
z2 = z2 e 2

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

x2 = 16; y2 = 9
z2

z'2 (7,6)
)
,2
(1

90 z 0

x = 4; y = 3

Area of rectangle = 8 6 = 48

3 1
(6,2)
Real axis

Objective Questions II
1. Since, z1 = a + ib and

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), b 2 2 + b 2 = c2 + 2 c2

z 2 = c + id

| z1 |2 = a 2 + b 2 = 1 and | z 2 |2 = c2 + d 2 = 1

(i)

(Q| z1 | = | z 2 | = 1)
Also, Re ( z1 z 2 ) = 0

a
d
= =
b
c

ac + bd = 0

Also, given w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id

Now,

(say)(ii)

b 2 = c2 and a 2 = d 2
| w1 | = a 2 + c2 = a 2 + b 2 = 1
| w2 | = b 2 + d 2 = a 2 + b 2 = 1

... (i)
... (ii)

Chapter 1
and Re( w1 w2 ) = ab + cd = ( b )b + c( c ) [from Eq. (i)]

3. Given, z =

= ( b 2 c2 ) = 0
2. Given, | z1 | = | z 2 |,
z1 + z 2 z1 z 2

z1 z 2 z1 z 2

Now,

z1 z1 z1 z 2 + z 2 z1 z 2 z 2

| z1 z 2 |2
| z1 |2 + ( z 2 z1 z1 z 2 ) | z 2 |2

| z1 z 2 |2
z 2 z1 z1 z 2

(Q | z1 |2 = | z 2 |2 )

| z1 z 2 |2

As, we know z z = 2i Im( z )

z 2 z1 z1 z 2 = 2i Im ( z 2 z1 )
z1 + z 2 2i Im ( z 2 z1 )
=
z1 z 2
| z1 z 2 |2

Complex Numbers

13

(1 t ) z1 + t z 2
(1 t ) + t
A
z1

Therefore, (a), (b), (c) are the correct answers.

P
z
t : (1 t)

B
z2

Clearly, z divides z1 and z 2 in the ratio of t : (1 t ), 0 < t < 1

AP + BP = AB
ie, | z z1 | + | z z 2 | = | z1 z 2 |
Option (a) is true.
and arg ( z z1 ) = arg ( z 2 z ) = arg ( z 2 z1 )
(b) is false and (d) is true.
Also,
arg ( z z1 ) = arg ( z 2 z1 )
z z1
arg
=0
z 2 z1

z z1
is purely real.
z 2 z1

z z1
z z1
=
z 2 z1 z 2 z1

or

z z1

z z1

z 2 z1

z 2 z1

=0

Option (c) is correct.

Hence, (a, c, d) is the correct option.

Which is purely imaginary or zero.

Therefore, (a) and (d) are correct answers.

Match the Columns

1. Let
Given,
Then,

Therefore, Re ( z 2 ) = 0 B p.

z = a + ib.
Re( z ) = 0 a = 0
z = ib
z 2 = b 2 or Im ( z 2 ) = 0

2. (A) z is equidistant from the points i | z | and i | z |, whose

perpendicular bisector is Im( z ) = 0.

Therefore, A q

.
4

z = r cos + i sin

4
4

Also, given, arg ( z ) =

Let
Then,

z 2 = r2 cos 2 sin 2 + 2 ir2 cos sin

4
4
4
4
2

= ir sin / 2 = ir

(B) Sum of distance of z from (4, 0) and ( 4, 0) is a constant

10, hence locus of z is ellipse with semi-major axis 5 and
focus at ( 4, 0), ae = 4.
4

e=
5
1 5
(C)
| z | | w | +
= <3
w 2
| z | | w | +

(D)

1
=2
w

Re ( z ) | z | 2

Passage Based Problem

y

Solutions for Q. 1 to Q. 3.
1. Let z = x + iy
Set A corresponds to the region y 1

Set B consists of points lying on the circle, centre at (2, 1) and

radius 3.
ie,

x2 + y2 4 x 2 y = 4

Set C consists of points lying on the x + y = 2

(i)

(ii)

(0,2)
x'
(2,0)

(iii)
y'

(2,1)

y=1
x

14

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

Clearly, there is only one point of intersection of the line

x + y = 2 and circle x2 + y2 4 x 2 y = 4
2

2. | z + 1 i | + | z 5 i |

= ( x + 1)2 + ( y 1)2 + ( x 5 )2 + ( y 1)2

2

= 2( x + y 4 x 2 y ) + 28
2

= 2( 4 ) + 28

(Q x + y 4 x 2 y = 4)

= 36

3. Since, | w ( 2 + i )| < 3

| w | |2 + i | < 3
3 + 5 < | w | < 3 + 5

3 5 < | w | < 3 5

(i)

Also,

| z ( 2 + i )| = 3
3 + 5 | z | 3 + 5

(ii)

3 < | z | | w | + 3 < 9

Integer Answer Type Questions

1. Given, | z 3 2 i | 2
To find minimum of | 2 z 6 + 5 i |
5
or 2 z 3 + i , using triangle inequality
2

(i)

|| z1 | | z 2 || | z1 + z 2 |
5
z 3+ i
2

ie,

= z 3 2i + 2i +

5
i
2

5
2

z 3+

5
5
i
2
2

|2 z 6 + 5 i | 5

or

2. Printing error, = e

9
= ( z 3 2i) + i
2
|z 3 2i|

9
2

Then,

2
3

| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2
| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2

=3

Note : Here, = ei2 / 3 , then only integer solution exists.

9
2

Fill in the Blanks

x
x
sin + cos i tan x
2
2
1.
R
x
1+ 2 i sin
2
x
x
x

sin + cos i tan x 1 2i sin

2

2
2
=
x
1+ 4 sin 2
2
Since, it is real, so imaginary part will be zero.
x
x
x

2 sin sin + cos tan x = 0

2
2
2

sin

or

2 sin

x
x
x
x
x
sin + cos cos x + 2sin cos = 0
2
2
2
2
2

x
x
x 2 x
x
2 x
sin + cos cos sin + cos = 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
sin

x
= 0 x = 2n
2

x 2 x
x
x
2 x
sin + cos cos sin + cos = 0
2
2
2
2
2

... (i)

x
On dividing by cos 3 , we get
2
x

tan + 1

Let
and

tan 3

2 x
2 x
1 tan + 1+ tan = 0

2
2

x
x
tan 2 = 0
2
2
x
tan = t
2
f (t ) = t 3 t 2

Then, f (1) = 2 < 0 and f ( 2 ) = 4 > 0

Thus, f ( t ) changes sign from negative to positive in the
interval (1, 2).
Let t = k be the root for which
f ( k ) = 0 and k (1, 2 )
x

t = k or tan = k = tan
2
x

= n +
2
x = 2n + 2 , = tan 1 k , where k (1, 2 )

or x = 2n

Chapter 1
2. | az1 bz 2 |2 + | bz1 + az 2 |2

= ( a 2 + b 2 ) (| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 )
3. Since, z1 , z 2 and z 3 form an equilateral triangle.
z12 + z 22 + z 32 = z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1
( a + i )2 + (1 + ib )2 + ( 0 )2 = ( a + i ) (1 + ib ) + 0 + 0

( a 2 b 2 ) + 2i ( a + b ) = ( a b ) + i ( ab + 1)

a2 b2 = a b

Only solution when

1 1 4
, but a and b R
2
a=b

a = b = 2 3

a=

4. Given, D = (1 + i ), M = ( 2 i )
and diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other.
Let B ( a + ib ), therefore
a+1
b+1
= 2,
= 1
2
2

a + 1 = 4, b + 1 = 2

a = 3, b = 3

B ( 3 3i )
A

D (1+i )

M
(2i )

Again,
But
and
and

DM = ( 2 1)2 + ( 1 1)2 = 1 + 4 = 5
BD = 2DM

BD = 2 5

2AC = BD 2 AC = 2 5 AC = 5
AC = 2 AM 5 = 2 AM AM =

4 x 8 y = 16
x 2y = 4
x = 2y + 4

(i)

5
2
5
AM 2 =
4
AM =

5
4
5
2
2
( 2 y + 2 ) + ( y + 1) =
4
5
2
5 y + 10 y + 5 =
4
20 y2 + 40 y + 15 = 0

4 y2 + 8 y + 3 = 0

( x 2 )2 + ( y + 1)2 =

[from Eq. (i)]

a2 a + 1 = 0

4 16 4
a=
= 2 3
2
a + b = 1,
2 = a (1 a ) + 1

x2 + 1 2x + y2 + 1 2 y = x2 + 9 6x+ y2 + 9 + 6 y

a2 4a + 1 = 0

If

2 ( 2a ) = a 2 + 1

( x 1)2 + ( y 1)2 = ( x 3 )2 + ( y + 3 )2

2 ( a + b ) = ab + 1
(a = b or a + b = 1)
2 ( a + b ) = ab + 1

15

Again,

a 2 1 + 2ia + 1 b 2 + 2ib = a + i ( ab + 1) b

a= b,

But in a rhombus AD = AB , therefore we have AD 2 = AB 2

+ [ b 2 | z1 |2 + a 2 | z 2 |2 + 2ab Re ( z1 z 2 )]

If

Complex Numbers

Now, let coordinate of A be ( x + iy ).

= [ a 2 | z1 |2 + b 2 | z 2 |2 2ab Re ( z1 z 2 )]

and

and

5
2

( 2 y + 1) ( 2 y + 3 ) = 0
2 y + 1 = 0, 2 y + 3 = 0
1
3

y= , y=
2
2
On putting these values in Eq. (i),
1
3
x = 2 + 4, x = 2 + 4
2
2

x = 3, x = 1
i
3i
Therefore, A is either 3 or 1
2
2
Alternate Solution
Since, M is the centre of Rhombus.
By rotating D about M through an angle of / 2 , we get
possible position of A.
z 3 z 2 | z 3 z 2 | i / 2
C
B

=
e
z1 z 2 | z1 z 2 |
z3 ( 2 i ) 1

= ( i )
1 + 2i
2
M
1
(2 i) z2
z 3 = ( 2 i ) i ( 2i 1)
2
A (z3)
D z1(1+i)
1
= ( 2 i ) ( 2 i )
2
( 4 2i 2 i ) 4 2i + 2 + i
=
,
2
2
3
i
= 1 i, 3
2
2
3
i

A is either 1 i or 3 .

2
2
5. z1 = 1 + i 3 = r (cos + i sin ) (let)

r cos = 1, r sin = 3
r = 2 and = / 3

16

Chapter 1

So,
Since,

Complex Numbers

z1 = 2 (cos / 3 + (sin / 3 ))
| z 2 | = | z 3 | = 2 (given)

( 1 + i 3 )
( 1 i 3 )
, (1 + i 3 )
2
2
2
2
(1 + 3 ) (1 + i ( 3 ) + 2i 3 )
,
2
2
( 2 + 2i 3 )
2 ,
= 1 i 3
2
z 2 = 2 and z 3 = 1 i 3

(1 + i 3 )

y-axis

z1

z2
P (2,0)
P (1, 0)

x-axis

6. Here,

Tr = r[( r + 1) ] [( r + 1) 2 ]
= r [( r + 1)2 ( + 2 ) ( r + 1) + 3 ]
= r[( r + 1)2 + ( r + 1) + 1]

z3

Now, the triangle z1 , z 2 and z 3 being an equilateral and the

sides z1 z 2 and z1 z 3 make an angle 2 / 3 at the centre.
2
Therefore,
POz 2 = +
=
3
3
2 2 5
and
POz 3 = +
+
=
3
3
3
3
Therefore, z 2 = 2 (cos + i sin ) = 2( 1 + 0 ) = 2

1
5
5
3
and z 3 = 2 cos
+ i sin = 2 i = 1 i 3

3
3
2
2

= r[ r2 + 1 + 2r + r + 1 + 1]
= r3 + 3r2 + 3r
Therefore, the sum of the given series
(n 1)

= ( r3 + 3r2 + 3r )
r =1

( n 1)( n )
( n 1)( n )
( n 1) n ( 2n 1)
=
+ 3
+ 3
2
6
2

( n 1)( n ) ( 2n 1) 3
= ( n 1) ( n )
+
+
4
2
2

1
= ( n 1) ( n ) [( n 1)n + 2( 2n 1) + 6]
4
1
= ( n 1) n[ n 2 + 3n + 4 ]
4

Alternate Solution
Whenever vertices of an equilateral triangle having centroid
is given its vertices are of the from z , z , z 2 .
If one of the vertex is z1 = 1 + i 3 , then other two vertices
are ( z1 ), ( z1 2 ).

True / False
1. Let z = x + iy

or
Given,

1 z gives 1 x + iy
1 x and 0 y
1 z
0
1+ z
1 x iy
0
1 + x + iy
(1 x iy ) (1 + x iy )
0 + 0i
(1 + x + iy ) (1 + x iy )
1 x2 y2
(1 + x )2 + y2

2iy

3. Since, cube root of unity are 1, , 2 given by,

1 3
, C
A (1, 0 ), B ,
2 2

0 + 0i

(1 + x )2 + y2

x + y 1 and 2 y 0
2
2
or x + y 1 and y 0 which is true by Eq. (i).
2

(i)

2. Since, z1 , z 2 , z 3 are vertices of equilateral triangle and

| z1 | = | z 2 | = | z 3 |
z1 , z 2 , z 3 lie on a circle with centre at origin.
Circumcentre = Centroid
z + z2 + z3

0= 1
3

z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 0

AB = BC = CA = 3.

Hence, cube roots of unity form an equilateral triangle.

Analytical & Descriptive Questions

1. Since, ( x + iy )2 =

a + ib
c + id

| a + ib | z1
| z |
Q
| x + iy |2 =
= 1
| c + id | z 2
| z 2 |

1
3
,

2
2

( x2 + y2 ) =

( x2 + y2 )2 =

a2 + b2
c2 + d 2
a2 + b2
c2 + d 2

Chapter 1

xyz = ( a + b )( a + b )( a + b )
= ( a + b )[ a 2 + ab ( 2 + 2 ) + b 2 ]
2

9 z 02 = z12 + z 22 + z 32 + 2 ( z12 + z 22 + z 32 )

= ( a + b )( a ab + b ) (Q1 + + = 0 and = 1)
1
1
3. Now,
=
(1 cos ) + 2i sin 2sin 2 + 4 i sin cos
2
2
2

sin 2 i cos
1
2
2
=

2sin sin + 2i cos sin 2 i cos

2 2
2 2
2

2i cos
2
2
=

2
2sin 1 + 3cos
2
2

2 1 + 3cos 2

z1 Rz1 is reflexive.
z z2
(2) Symmetric z1 Rz 2 1
is real
z1 + z 2

1 + 3cos

Now, when x = 0 ( x + 1) x 1

Again, when x =

( x + 1)n xn 1 = (1 + )n n 1
= 2 n n 1 = 0
(as n is not a multiple of 3 and odd)
Similarly, x = 2 is root of {( x + 1)n xn 1}
n

z2 z3
is real
z2 + z3

( x1 + x2 )2 + ( y1 + y2 )2

z1 Rz 3

Hence, R is an equivalence relation.

Thus, x + x + x divides ( x + 1) x 1 .
(1 + i ) x 2i ( 2 3i ) y + i
+
=i
3+ i
3 i
(1 + i ) ( 3 i ) x 2i ( 3 i ) + ( 3 + i ) ( 2 3i ) y
+ i ( 3 + i ) = 10i

4 x + 2ix 6i 2 + 9 y 7iy + 3i 1 = 10i

4 x + 9 y 3 = 0 and 2x 7 y 3 = 10

x = 3 and y = 1
6. Since, z1 , z 2 , z 3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
5.

z + z2 + z3
Circumcentre ( z 0 ) = centroid 1

{( x1 x2 ) + i ( y1 y2 )}{( x1 + x2 ) i ( y1 + y2 )}

Thus, z1 Rz 2 and z 2 Rz 3 z1 Rz 3 . (transitive).

Hence, x = 0, , are the roots of ( x + 1) x 1

3

z 2 Rz 3

( y1 y2 ) ( x1 + x2 ) ( x1 x2 ) ( y1 + y2 ) = 0
x1
x

2 x2 y1 2 y2 x1 = 0
= 2 ... (i)
y1
y2
x2
x3
Similarly,
... (ii)
z 2 Rz 3
=
y2
y3
x
x
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have 1 = 3
y1
y3

= 1 0 1= 0
x = 0 is root of ( x + 1)n xn 1

( z 2 z1 )
is real
z1 + z 2

Here, let z1 = x1 + iy1 , z 2 = x2 + iy2 and z 3 = x3 + iy3

z z2
( x x2 ) + i ( y1 y2 )
is real 1
is real
1
z1 + z 2
( x1 + x2 ) + i ( y1 + y2 )

4. Since, n is not a multiple of 3, but odd integers and

x3 + x2 + x = 0 x = 0, , 2
n

(purely real)

and

[from Eq. (ii)]

z 32

z 2 Rz1

z1 Rz 2 z 2 Rz1
Therefore, it is symmetric.
z z2
(3) Transitive z1 Rz 2 1
is real
z1 + z 2

sin

cot

z 22

z1 z 2
is real
z1 + z 2
z z1
(1) Reflexive z1 Rz1 1
=0
z1 + z 2

2i cos
2
2
=
2

2sin sin
+ 4 cos 2
2
2
2

z12

7. Here, z1 Rz 2

sin

A + iB =

3 z 02

= a3 + b3

17

9 z 02 = z12 + z 22 + z 32 + 2 ( z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1 )

= ( a + b )[ a 2 ( 2 ) + ab ( 2 + 4 ) + b 2 ( 2 )]
2

z12 + z 22 + z 32 = z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1 ... (ii)

On squaring Eq. (i), we get

We take = and = 2 .

Complex Numbers

Also, for equilateral triangle

2. Since, , are the complex cube roots of unity.

Now,

...(i)

8. Since, z1 , z 2 and origin form an equilateral triangle.

Q if z1 , z 2 , z 3 from an equilateral triangle, then

z2 + z2 + z2 = z z + z z + z z

1
2
3
1 2
2 3
3 1

z12 + z 22 + 02 = z1 z 2 + z 2 0 + 0 z1

z12 + z 22 = z1 z 2

z12 + z 22 z1 z 2 = 0

9. Since, 1, a1 , a2 , ......, an 1 are nth roots of unity.

( xn 1) = ( x 1) ( x a1 ) ( x a2 ) .... ( x an 1 )

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

xn 1
= ( x a1 ) ( x a2 ) .....( x an 1 )
x1

xn 1 + xn 2 + ..... + x2 + x + 1
= ( x a1 ) ( x a2 ) ..... ( x an 1 )
xn 1 n 1 n 2

Q
=x
+x
+ ..... + x + 1
x 1

On putting x = 1 , we get
1 + 1 + ....... n times = (1 a1 ) (1 a2 ) ..... (1 an 1 )

(1 a1 ) (1 a2 )..... (1 an 1 ) = n

12. Since, z1 = 10 + 6i , z 2 = 4 + 6i
z z1
and arg
= represents locus of z is a circle shown
z z2 4
as from the figure whose centre is (7, y) and AOB = 90
clearly, OC = 9 .

OD = 6 + 3 = 9
6
Centre = ( 7, 9 ) and radius =
=3 2
2
z
C

45

18

10. We have, iz = zei / 2 . This implies that iz is the vector

obtained by rotating vector z in anti-clockwise direction
through 90. Therefore, OA AB. So,

O
(7, y)

(4, 6) A
z1

B (10, 6)
z2

z + iz

y
B

iz
z

x'

D (7, 0) (10, 0)

(4, 0)

A
x

Equation of circle is | z ( 7 + 9i )| = 3 2
13. Given, iz 3 + z 2 z + i = 0

y'

1
OA OB
2
1
1
= | z | | iz | = | z |2 .
2
2

Area of OAB =

11. Since, is right angled isosceles .

Rotating z 2 about z 3 in anti-clockwise direction through an
angle of / 2 , we get
z 2 z 3 | z 2 z 3 | i / 2
=
e
z1 z 3 | z1 z 3 |
A( z1)

B( z3)

C( z2)

z 22 + z 32 2 z 2 z 3 = z12 z 32 + 2 z1 z 3

z12 + z 22 2 z1 z 2 = 2 z1 z 3 + 2 z 2 z 3 2 z 32 2 z1 z 2

iz 2 ( z i ) 1( z i ) = 0

( iz 2 1)( z i ) = 0

z i = 0 or iz 2 1 = 0

z=i

or

z2 =

1
= i
i

If z = i, then | z | = | i | = 1.
If z 2 = i, then | z 2 | = | i | = 1

| z |2 = 1

|z | = 1
14. Let z = r1 (cos 1 + i sin 1 ) and w = r2 (cos 2 + i sin 2 )
We have, | z | = r1 , | w | = r2 , arg ( z ) = 1 and arg ( w ) = 2
Given, | z | 1, | w | < 1

r1 1 and r2 1
Now,
z w = ( r1 cos 1 r2 cos 2 ) + i ( r1 sin 1 r2 sin 2 )
| z w |2 = ( r1 cos 1 r2 cos 2 )2

+ r12 sin 2 1 + r22 sin 2 2 2r1 r2 sin 1 sin 2

( z1 z 2 ) = 2{( z1 z 3

(Q i 2 = 1)

= r12 cos 2 1 + r22 cos 2 2 2r1 r2 cos 1 cos 2

( z 2 z 3 )2 = ( z1 z 3 )2

iz 3 i 2 z 2 z + i = 0

+ ( r1 sin 1 r2 sin 2 )2

where, | z 2 z 3 | = | z1 z 3 |

( z 2 z 3 ) = i ( z1 z 3 )
On squaring both sides, we get

z 32 )

+ ( z 2 z 3 z1 z 2 )}

( z1 z 2 ) = 2( z1 z 3 )( z 3 z 2 )

= r12 (cos 2 1 + sin 2 1 ) + r22 (cos 2 2 + sin 2 2 )

2r1 r2 (cos 1 cos 2 + sin 1 sin 2 )
= r12 + r22 2r1 r2 cos (1 2 )
= ( r1 r2 )2 + 2r1 r2 [1 cos (1 2 )]
2
= ( r1 r2 )2 + 4 r1 r2 sin 2 1

Chapter 1
2
| r1 r2 |2 + 4sin 1

(Q r1 , r2 1)

Complex Numbers

19

16. Since, z1 + z 2 = p and z1 z 2 = q

B (z2)

|sin | | |, R

and

Therefore, | z w |2 | r1 r2 |2 + 4 1
2

| z w |2 (| z | | w | )2 + (arg z arg w )2

Alternate Solution
| z w |2 = | z |2 + | w |2 2| z | | w |cos (arg z arg w )
= | z |2 + | w |2 2 | z | | w | + 2 | z | | w |
2| z || w |cos (arg z arg w )
arg z arg w
= (| z | | w | )2 + 2 | z || w | 2sin 2
(i)

arg z arg w
| z w | (| z | | w | ) + 4 1 1

2
2

z1 | z1 |
=
(cos + i sin )
z2 | z2 |
z1 cos + i sin

(Q| z1 | = | z 2 | )
=
z2
1
Applying componendo and dividendo, we get
z1 + z 2 cos + i sin + 1
=
z1 z 2 cos + i sin 1
Now,

(Q sin )

15.

| z w | ( | z | | w | ) + (arg z arg w )2

Let z = x + iy.

Given, z = iz 2

( x + i y ) = i ( x + i y )2
2

2sin 2 ( / 2 ) + 2i sin ( / 2 )cos ( / 2 )

2cos ( / 2 ) [cos ( / 2 ) + i sin ( / 2 )]
2i sin ( / 2 )[cos ( / 2 ) + i sin ( / 2 )]
cot ( / 2 )
= i cot / 2
i
p
= i cot ( / 2 )
z1 z 2

On squaring both sides, we get

p2

x iy = i ( x y + 2i xy )
2

( z1 z 2 )2

x iy = 2xy + i ( x y )

On equating real and imaginary parts, we get

x = 2xy and y = x2 y2

2cos 2 ( / 2 ) + 2i sin ( / 2 )cos ( / 2 )

Note It is a compound equation, therefore, we can generate from

it more than one primary equations.

A (z1)

| r1 r2 |2 + |1 2 |2

x + 2xy = 0 and x2 y2 + y = 0
x(1 + 2 y ) = 0
x=0

p2
( z1 + z 2 )2 4 z1 z 2
p2
2

p 4q

= cot 2 ( / 2 )
= cot 2 ( / 2 )
= cot 2 ( / 2 )

p 2 = p 2 cot 2 ( / 2 ) + 4 q cot 2 ( / 2 )

p 2 (1 + cot 2 / 2 ) = 4 q cot 2 ( / 2 )

x2 y2 + y = 0

p 2cosec2 ( / 2 ) = 4 q cot 2 ( / 2 )

0 y2 + y = 0

y(1 y ) = 0
y=0

When x = 0,

or y = 1 / 2

17. Let Q be z 2 and its reflection be the point P ( z1 ) in the given

or

y=1

x2 =

line. If O ( z ) be any point on the given line then by definition

OR is right bisector of QP.

When y = 1 / 2 , x2 y2 + y = 0

x2

1 1
=0
4 2

x=

3
4

3
2

Therefore,

z = 0 + i 0, 0 + i ;

z = i,

3 i

2
2

p 2 = 4 q cos 2 / 2

3 i

2
2

OP = OQ or | z z1 | = | z z 2 |
| z z1 |2 = | z z 2 |2
( z z1 ) ( z z1 ) = ( z z 2 ) ( z z 2 )
z ( z1 z 2 ) + z ( z1 z 2 ) = z1 z1 z 2 z 2

Comparing with given line zb + zb = c

(Q z 0 )

z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z1 z 2 z 2
=
=
= , say
b
b
c

20

Chapter 1

Complex Numbers

z1 z 2
z z2
z z z2 z2
= b, 1
= b, 1 1
=c

z z2
z1 z 2
z1 b + z 2 b = z1 1
+ z2

zz z 2 z 2
= 1
=c

(i)

[from Eq. (i)]

18. Given, | z |2 w | w |2 z = z w

| zw | | z w | = | z w |

[ | z | = | z | ]

| zw | | z w | = | z w |
| z w | (| zw | 1) = 0
|z w| = 0

|z w| = 0

zw=0

z=w
Now, suppose z w
Then, | zw | = 1 or | z || w | = 1
1

|z | =
=
|w |

or
or
or
or

| zw | 1 = 0
| zw | = 1
| z w|= 1
| zw | = 1

(say)

1
1
rei ei = rei ei
r
r
1 i
1 i

r + e = r + e

r
r

e i = e i

=
1
z = rei and w = ei
r
1
zw = rei . e i = 1
r

Therefore,

(| z |2 + 1)w = (| w |2 + 1) z
z
| z |2 + 1
=
w | w |2 + 1

z
is purely real.
w
z
z

=
w w

zw = zw

(i)

Again,

| z |2 w | w |2 z = z w

z zw w wz = z w
z ( zw 1) w ( zw 1) = 0
[from Eq. (i)]
( z w )( zw 1) = 0
z = w or zw = 1

19. Given,
r

1 i
e
r
On putting these values in Eq. (i), we get
1
1
1

r2 ei 2 ( rei ) = rei ei
r
r
r

(| z |2 + 1)w (| w |2 + 1) z = 0

Therefore, | z |2 w | w |2 z = z w if and only if z = w or

zw = 1.

z = rei and w =

Let

| zw | | z w | = | z w |

| z |2 w | w |2 z z + w = 0

[Q | z |2 = zz ] (i)

Taking modulus of both sides, we get

zz w ww z = z w

Alternate Solution
We have,
| z |2 w | w |2 z = z w

Note if and only if means we have to prove the relation in

both directions.

Conversely
Assuming that z = w or z w = 1
If z = w , then

z p + q z p zq + 1 = 0
p

( z 1)( z 1) = 0

Since, is root of Eq. (i), either p 1 = 0 or q 1 = 0

either

p 1
=0
1

or

q 1
=0
1

either
or

and RHS = z w = 0
If zw = 1, then zw = 1 and
LHS = zz w ww z = z 1 w 1 = z w = z w
Hence proved.
= 0 = RHS

(as 1)

1 + + 2 + ...+ p 1 = 0
1 + + K + q 1 = 0

But p 1 = 0 and q 1 = 0 cannot occur simultaneously

as p and q are distinct primes, so neither p divides q nor q
divides p, which is the requirement for 1 = p = q .
20. Given, | z1 | < 1and | z 2 | > 1
Then, to prove
1 z1 z 2

< 1
z1 z 2

(i)

z | z |
using 1 = 1

z 2 | z 2 |

(ii)

|1 z1 z 2 | < | z1 z 2 |
On squaring both sides, we get,
(1 z1 z 2 )(1 z1 z 2 ) < ( z1 z 2 )( z1 z 2 )
(using | z |2 = zz )

LHS = zz w w wz = | z |2 z | w |2 z
= | z |2 z | z |2 z = 0

(i)

1 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 + z1 z1 z 2 z 2 < z1 z1 z1 z 2
z 2 z1 + z 2 z 2

1+ | z1 |2 | z 2 |2 < | z1 |2 + | z 2 |2

1 | z1 |2 | z 2 |2 + | z1 |2 | z 2 |2 < 0

(1 | z1 |2 )(1 | z 2 |2 ) < 0

(iii)

Chapter 1
which is true by Eq. (i) as | z1 | < 1 and | z 2 | > 1

21

| z |2 + az + az + b = 0

(1 | z1 | )> 0

and

(1 | z 2 |2 ) < 0

whose centre is ( a ) and radius = | a |2 b

Eq. (iii) is true whenever Eq. (ii) is true.

1 z1 z 2

< 1
z1 z 2

Centre for Eq. (i)

Hence proved.

21. Given, a1 z + a2 z 2 + K + an z n = 1
1
3

and

| z| <

| a1 z + a2 z 2 + a3 z 3 + K + an z n | = 1

| a1 z | + | a2 z 2 | + | a3 z 3 | + K + | an z n | 1
2{(| z | + | z |2 + | z |3 + K + | z |n } > 1

k 2
1 k2

and radius

k 2

=
2
1 k

(i)

(using | z1 + z 2 | | z1 | + | z 2 | )

Complex Numbers

On comparing with equation of circle,

k 2 k 2

2
1 k2
1 k

k ( )

radius =
2
1 k
23. Here, centre of circle is (1, 0) is also the mid point of
diagonals of square

(using | ar | < 2)

2 | z |(1 | z | )
>1
1 | z|

2| z | 2| z |n + 1 > 1 | z |

z1(2, 3)

3| z | > 1 + 2| z |n + 1

1 2 n+1
+ | z|
3 3
1

| z | > , which contradicts

3
There exists no complex number z such that
n
1
and
ar z r = 1
|z |<
r =1
3

z3

(using sum of n terms of GP)

(1, 0)
O z
0

| z| >

22. As we know | z |2 = z z
| z |2

Given,

| z |2

=k

( z )( z ) = k 2 ( z ) ( z )

z2

(ii)

z1 + z 2
= z0
2

z 2 = 3i ,

and

z3 1
= e i / 2
z1 1

= 1 i (1 + 3i )

+ (| | k | | ) = 0
| z |2

( k )
(1 k 2 )

= (1 +

( k )
(1 k 2 )
+

3) i

z 3 = (1 3 ) + i

and

| |2 k 2 | |2
(1 k 2 )

=0

(where z 0 = 1 + 0 i )

(Q z1 = 2 + 3i )

| z |2 (1 k 2 ) ( k 2 ) z ( k 2 ) z
2

z4

z 3 = 1 + (1 + 3i ) cos i sin ,

2
2

| z |2 z z + | |2 = k 2 (| z |2 z z + | |2 )

(i)

z 4 = (1 + 3 ) i

Chapter Test
1. Let z be a complex number and a be a real
parameter such that z 2 + az + a2 = 0, then
(a) locus of z is an ellipse (b) locus of z is a circle
2
(c) are (z ) =
(d) |z| = 3|a|
3
2. The complex number z = 1 + i is rotated through an
angle 3 / 2 in anti-clockwise direction about the
origin and stretched by additional 2 unit, then the
new complex number is
(a) 2 2i
(b) 2 2 i
(c) 2 2 i
(d) None of these
3. The complex number z1 and z 2 are such that z1 z 2
and |z1| = |z 2|. If z1 has positive real part and z 2 has
z + z2
negative imaginary part, then 1
may be
z1 z 2
(a) zero
(b) real and positive
(c) real and negative
(d) purely imaginary
2
2
4. If z1 z 2 C, z1 + z 2 R, z1 (z12 3z 22 ) = 2
and
z 2 (3z12 z 22 ) = 1, then the value of z12 + z 22 is
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 10
(d) 12
5. Consider an ellipse having its foci at A(z1 ) and B(z 2 )
in the argand plane. If the eccentricity of the ellipse
be e and it is known that origin is an interior point of
the ellipse, then
|z + z 2|
|z z 2|
(a) e 0, 1
(b) e 0, 1

|z1| + |z 2|
|z1| + |z 2|
|z + z 2|
(c) e 0, 1

|z1| |z 2|

(d) cannot be discussed

6. If z1 = a1 + ib1 and z 2 = a2 + ib2 are complex

numbers such that |z1| = 1,|z 2| = 2 and Re (z1 z 2 ) = 0,
ia
then the pair of complex numbers 1 = a1 + 2 and
2
2 = 2b1 + ib2 satisfy
(a) |1| = 1
(b) |2|= 2
(c) Re (12 ) = 0
(d) Im (12 ) = 0
7. If from a point P representing the complex number z1
on the curve |z| = 2, pair of tangents are drawn to the
curve|z| = 1, meeting at point Q(z 2 ) and R(z 3 ), then
z + z2 + z3
(a) complex number 1
will lie on the
3
curve |z|= 1
4
1
1 4
1
1
(b) +
+
+
+
=9
z2
z 3 z1
z2
z3
z1

8. One vertex of the triangle of maximum area that

can be inscribed in the curve |z 2i| = 2 , is 2 + 2i,
remaining vertices is/are
(a) 1 + i(2 + 3 )
(b) 1 i (2 + 3 )
(c) 1 + i(2 3 )
(d) 1 i(2 3 )
Passage for Q. Nos. 9 to 11
In argand plane |z| represent the distance of a point z
from the origin. In general |z1 z 2| represent the
distance between two points z1 and z 2 . Also, for a
general moving point z in argrand plane, if arg
(z ) = , then z = |z|ei , where ei = cos + i sin .
9. The equation |z z1| + |z z 2| = 10 if z1 = 3 + 4 i
and z 2 = 3 4 i represents
(a) point circle
(b) ordered pair (0, 0)
(c) ellipse
(d) None of these
10. ||z z1| |z z 2|| = t, where t is real parameter
always represents
(a) ellipse
(b) hyperbola
(c) circle
(d) None of these

11. If |z (3 + 2i )| = z cos arg z , then locus of

4

z is
(a) circle
(b) parabola
(c) ellipse
(d) hyperbola
12. If z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 are the roots of the equation
z 4 + z 3 + z 2 + z + 1 = 0, then
Match the statement of Column I with values of
Column II.
Column I
(A)

Column II

(p) 0

z 4j is equal to

i=1

(B)
(C)

z 5j is equal to

(q) 4

(z i + 2) is equal to

(r) 1

i=1
4
i=1

(D) Least value of [|z1 + z 2|]

is (Where [ ] represents
greatest integer function)

(s) 11

13. The complex numbers z is simultaneously satisfy

z 12 5 z 4
the equations
= ,
= 1, then the
z 8i
3 z8
Re (z ) is

z 2
(c) arg 2 =
3
z3

14. If|z| 3, then the least value of z +

(d)orthocentre and circumcentre of PQR

concide

will

1
is , then the
z
3

value of is

Answers
1.
9.

(c)
(d)

2.
10.

(d)
(b)

3.
11.

(d)
(b)

4. (a)
5. (b)
6. (a, b, c, d)
12. A r; B q; C s; D p
13.

(6)

7.
14.

(a, b, c, d)
(8)

8. (a, c)