Professional Documents
Culture Documents
S. aureus
Dx / Characteristics
Catalase +, coagulase +, beta
hemolytic, mannitol fermenter
Catalase-, alpha hemolytic,
Optochin , bile soluble
Tx
Nafcillin, Oxacillin. MRSA: Vancomycin.
VRSA: Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
S. pneumoniae
Pneumonia: macrolides
Meningitis: ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime. Vancomycin if
Otitis media, sinusitis: amoxicillin or erythromycin if
Viridans group (S.
Catalase-, alpha hemolytic,
Penicillin G + aminoglycosides
sanguis, S. mutans)
Optochin
Prophylaxis prior dental work.
S. pyogenes (GAS)
Catalase -, beta hemolytic,
Beta-lactams (Aminopenicillins). Macrolides if allergic
Bacitracin , PYR+, ASO>200
5year prophylaxis if rheumatic fever
S. agalactiae (GBS)
Catalase -, beta hemolytic, Bacitracin , CAMP+ Ampicillin + Aminoglycoside or Cephalosporin
Enterococcus
PYR+
Vancomycin (usually )
faecalis/faecium (GDS)
Prophylaxis in previous <3 valve damage: Penicillin + Gentamycin
Bacillus anthracis
Spore-forming rod
Ciprofloxacin + Doxycycline
Clostridium tetani
Racket shape rod
TIG: hyperimmune super globuline + Debride & delay closure +
Metronidazole or Penicillin + Diazepam (spasmolytic)
Adults: respiratory support (rs)+ trivalent antitoxin
Clostridium botulinum
Infants (<2y): rs + Hyperimmune human serum. NO AB!!!
Wound: debridement, no closure + Amoxicillin + rs + antitoxin
Clostridium perfringes
Nagler rx (stormy fermentation Clindamycin + Penicillin.
in milk media)
Debridement + delayed closure. Hyperbaric chamber
Clostridium difficile
Yellow plaques in colon
Mild: discontinue AB therapy (causative agents: Amoxi, Clinda)
Severe: 1 DOC Metronidazole. 2 DOC Vancomycin
Lysteria monocytogenes Tumbling motility
Ampicillin. If immunosuppressed: + Gentamycin
C. dyptheriae
Chinese letters. Elek test +
Erythromycin + antitoxin
Endocarditis: Penicillin IV + aminoglycosides 4-6w
Actinomyces israelii
Molar tooth in culture. Sulfur granules Ampicillin or Penicillin G. Drain abscess
Nocardia
Urease +
TMP-SMX (DOC) or Sulfonamides
2m: Rifampin + Isoniazid + Pirazinamide + Ethambutol
M. tuberculosis
Acid fast
4m: Isoniazid + Rifampin
Streptomycin if
Tuberculoid leprosy: Dapsone + Rifampin
M. leprae
Lepromatous leprosy: cLofazimine + Dapsone + Rifampin
Contacts: dapsone
MAC
Nonchromogen
Macrolide + Ethambutol
M kansaii, M. marinum
Photochromogen
Rifampin + Isoniazid + Ethambutol
M. scrofulaceum
Scotochromogen
Qx
Neonates & Infants: Ampicillin + Cefotaxime
N. meningitidis
Maltose & Glucose fermenters Rest: Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime w/ or w/o Vancomycin
Contacts: Rifampin or Ciprofloxacin
N. gonorrhoeae
IC gram- diplococcic in PMN
Neonatal ophtalmia: prophylaxis w/ Erythromycin ophthalmic
STD: Ceftriaxone (and always test for Chlamydia trachomatis)
Moraxella catharralis
Amoxicillin/Clavunate or 2G, 3G Cephalosporin or TMP-SMX
Pseudomona aeruginosa Ticarcilline or Pipercilline + Aminoglycoside
Legionella pneumophila Silver stain & DFA+ (Direct
Eritrhomycin or Azithromycin or Fluoquinolones + Rifampin
(Hyponatremia + diarrhea +
Fluoresent Ab) on bx
pneumonia)
Francisella tularensis
Bordetella pertussis
Brucella sp
Campylobacter jejuni
Tick bite
DFA, PCR
Bordet-Gengou or ReganLowe media
Serum agglutination test: Ab
against Brucella <1:60 = (+)
Skirrow agar at 42C
Campy medium