MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWER Tetracycline Brucella melitensis, Chlamydia

04/05/15 trachomatis, LGV, psitacossis,

Mga keywords sa questions. NOT gonorrhea, DO NOT GIVE to
Di ko na po masyado na-organize sorry. <8years old because it deposits
Source: Almost all Samplexes from 2010-2015 in tissues -> Calcification
Cephalosporin H. ducreyi, NOT given to
PRELIMS TO FINALS chlamydia
CULTURE MEDIA Ciprofloxacin Anthrax, uncomplicated
Chocolate Agar H. Influenzae, has X and V pyelonephritis, inhibits DNA
factors gyrase
Saborauds Dextrose Fungi Streptomycin Francisella tularensis
McConkey Pseudomonas, E.coli, Tetracycline
Salmonella (PES), “Monkey” Ceftriaxone N.gonorrhea, Bactrial
PES! meningitis, G(-) IC diplococci
H.ducreyi Aztreonam Pseudomonas, B-lactam,
Regan-Lowe/Bordet- Bordotella pertussis Exclusive for Aerobic G(-)
Gengou/Potato,Blood, Metronidazole PID, B. fragilis, Anaerobes
Glycerol Amantadine Inhibits penetration
PPLO/Lowenstein- Mycoplasma Oseltamivir Inhibits assembly
Jensen A/E: nasal and throat infection
Lowenstein-Jensen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 5-FC Inhibits RNA synthesis
MAC Rimantadine Inhibits attachment of Influenza
Loeffler Corynebacterium A
McCoy Chlamydia Acyclovir Inhibits viral shedding
Hektoen Enteric Shigella Ganciclovir Anti-herpetic/Retinal implant
Glucose-Cysteine- Francisella tularensis Zanamivir Prophylaxis for influenza
Blood Azudothymidine Inhibits RT
Mueller-Hinton agar Neisseria, Moraxella, Sulfonamide DON’T GIVE to Rickettsiae
Burkhorderia pseudomallei MRSA Ampicillin, Gentamicin,
Silver impregnation Treponema (Syphilis) Cefazolin, Amoxicillin
Writz-Conklin Demonstrates spores VRSA Vancomycin
Fletcher's with Mycobacterium leprae ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Neomycin Didanosie Pancreatitis and peripheral
Giemsa (Blue); Rickettsiae neuropathy
Machiavello (Red) Indinosine Nephrolithiasis
Giemsa Borrelia Foscarnet Seizure
Wright stain Yersinia Chloramphenicol Gray-Baby Syndrome
EMJH Leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
Mannitol salt agar Staph aureus FEVERS
Thayer-Martin N.gonorrhea Oroya fever Anisomacrocytosis, anemia,
(colistin,vancomycin,nystatin) neurobartenollosis,
Colistin-requiring Burkholderia intraerythrocytic
parasitism, high fever
DRUGS Malta fever Brucella abortus
Erythromycin Bord. pertussis and Pontiac fever and Legionella pneumophila
Mycoplasma Legionnaires
Gentamycin Pseudomonas Rat-Bite fever Streptobacillis monilliformis
Penicillin Pasteurella, Listeria, Rocky Mountain spotted Ricketssiae
Leptospirosis (Px:Doxycycline), fever (RMSF)
Treponema (Syphilis) Q fever Coxiella, contaminated dust
Ampicillin Actinomyces Valley fever coccidiodes immitis
Cefotaxime H.influenza Lassa fever Mastomys natalensis
Cloxacillin Staph aureus Trench fever Bartonella quintana,
IV Fluid Vibrio cholera 5dayinterval, acute fever

DAVECHUA 1
1. Plasmid - Self replication. Confer antibiotic resistance 14. H. Influenza
2.  G(-), fastidious, cystic fibrosis
a. Conjugation - Resistance of bacteria. Dna transfer  Satellite cells, IgA protease
b. Translation - LEAST for resistance  Grow in chocolate agar(HEMIN) + Staph aureus(NAD)
c. Transduction - Bacteriophage H. Influenza Type B - causes meningitis
d. Transformation - Uptake by the recipient cell of soluble DNA H. Influenza Type B vaccine - capsular
released from a donor cell polysaccharide(ABSCESS), polyribitol, r/t diphtheria
3. Mycoplasma pneumonia Influenza ABC - Antigenic Drift
 Cold agglutinins Infuenza AB - Epidemics
 Mulberry Influenza/Parainfluenza, NOT RSV - good inducer of IFN
 Walking pneumonia
 Requires cholesterol for growth 16. SAFETY PIN
 Resistant to penicillin Safety pin Pasteurella, Yersinia
4. Antibody - specific humoral host defense Safety pin on Burkholderia pseudomallei
5. Nuchal rigidity, CSF, inc neutrophil Methylene/Wright
 Resistance to phagocytosis Safety pin and Callymatobacterium granulomatis
 ssRNA Icosahedral Naked. Donovan bodies
6.
Acid fastness of mycobacteria - (+) mycolic acid 17. Acute meningitis - H. influenza, Strep. pneumonia, Neisseria
Acid fast - retain carbolfuchsin, lipid in the cell wall meningitidis (HSN)
7. 18. Endospores - Clostridium, Bacillus, Coxiella (CBC)
Activates C3 - C4b2a (classical). C3bBb (alternative) 19.
Anaphylatoxins – C3a, C4a, C5a a. Hetero/Organo - glucose, lipid, protein
Properdin factor - only in alternative (bypass C1,C2,C4) b. Auto/Litho - CO2, water
C5a - chemotaxis c. Phototrophs - Light
C3b - opsonization d. Chemotrophs – Redox
C5 - assembly of "membrane attack unit", cleared as a result of
activation of classical complement 20. MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC)
8. DIFFERENCE with shigella and salmonella - invasion of blood MHC I MHC II
stream. Shigella DOES NOT invade the blood stream.  All nucleated cells  APCs (MDB)
9. Shigella  CD8  CD4
 G(-) rod  Endogenous (Viral)  Exogenous (Bacterial)
 Bloody mucoid stool  Codominantly expressed  Polymorphic
 Convulsion  TAP1&TAP2  Invariant chain
 NLF, TSA K/A, (-)gas, (-)H2s,  NOT important in skin test  NOT in the surface of B&T
 Slide agglutination to mycobacterium cells
 R plasmid
a. Shigella flexneri - least likely to be isolated in the blood, least 21.
likely from animal sources Hepatitis D - (-) ssRNA, circular, enveloped
b. Shigella dystenteria - blood-tinged stool, invasion of LE of Hepatitis B - hepadna (Reverse transcriptase)
colon, enterotoxic, cytotoxic, highly virulent, neurotoxic, 22. Bacteria - 70s ribosomes, subunit contains DNA and RNA
inhibits protein synthesis by binding with 60s ribosomal a. Bacterial Capsule - protects against ingestion by PMN's
subunit b. Nuclear body of Bacteria - nucleoid, no nuclear membrane,
10. Salmonella typhimirium represents 10% of cell volume, contains genetic materials
 G(-), Ox(-), curved rods, colorless, NLF, (+)H2s, c. Bacterial Endospores – CBC, NOT used for reproduction,
 Stained well by gram staining survive in dry state, formed by aerobic bacillus, anaerobic
 Can multiply inside macrophages Clostridium, resist inc temperature, heat-stable
 Vi Ag 23.
 TURTLES Cell wall - for gram stain result
 similar to shigella Lipid in Cell wall - responsible for decolorization of G(-)
 DONT GIVE antimicrobials (may prolong s/s) bacteria by OH
11. EBV - infectious mononucleosis, herpesviridae, dsDNA, Cell envelope - peptidoglycan, LPS, capsule, spheroplast, NO
Icosahedral, enveloped plasmid
12. Herpesviridae - vesicles, pustules, crusting
13. Has an Infectious genome – Polio! NOT HIV, influenza, rabies

DAVECHUA 2
24. “AT30” 35. CPE - (+) infection and viral replication, syncitia
TETRACYLINE AMINOGLYCOSIDE Syncitia - CPE, large cytoplasmic masses, many nuclei produced
 30s  30s, misreading, by fusion of infected cells
 Bacteriostatic  BOTH static and cidal, 36. PCR - DAE, Taq polymerase which functions at 72C
 DOC for RCM: Rickettsiae, alkaline Denaturation – 94-98C
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma  AE: Ototoxic and Annealing - DNA primers bind to 3' end of target sequence, 50-
(no cell wall, thin, poor Nephrotoxic! 65C
synthesis) Elongation – 72C
 AE: Discoloration of teeth. 37. Infants – polysaccharide vaccine (least immunogenic)
 DON’T GIVE to pregnant 38. Live attenuated – provides herd immunity
26. Acid fast - give RIP first 39. Chemoprophylaxis - recurrent UTI, CF, elective
27. G(-) NF bacilli - Pseudomonas, Burkho. cepacia, 40. Induces humoral immunity - attenuated, inactivated,
Strenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter, Burko. mallei (Glander's genetic
disease) 41. Tcell deficiency – Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis (CMC
28. Legionella 42. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)
 Multiply inside phagosome that does not fuse with  Increased immune complex
lysozyme  Increased parasite
 Engulfed by macrophages by single pseudopod (COILING  Decreased IgE
PHAGOCYTOSIS) Chediak-Higashi - Defective chemotaxis and degranulation
 Uses Dot/Lem Type 4 secretion Dec G6PD - dec phagocytosis
 Injects Ankyrin (inc survival) 43. HAART - Zido, Rito, Saquinavir
 Replicates inside alveolar macrophages and monocytes 44. Inhibit viral DNAse polymerase - Acyclovir and Foscarnet
Legionella pneumophilia - soil, aerosol, amoeba, whirlpool spa, 45. Candida albicans - true hyphae with vulvovaginits,
decorative fountain, NOT in wild rodents filamentous mycelial and yeast at ROOM temp
29. Fungi - eukaryotic, chitin (cellwall), ergosterol 46. Cryptococcus
(cellmembrane)  Whitish mucoid colonies
30. 5-FC - interferes with RNA synthesis  Thick non-staining capsule
31. Exophiala werneckii  Ulcer upper palate
 Tinea nigra  BARREL-SHAPED arthroconidia
 Black-colored, 2-celled oval yeast, Crypto. neoformans - thru inhalation of basidiosphores, yeast,
 Annelides bird droppings
 Thick-walled, Aging colonies 47. Sporothrix schenkii
Tinea unguium - onychomycosis, tear-shaped, borne laterally  Branching septate hyphae with flowerette
from long strands of hyphae  Cauliflower-like
Tinea cruris – “jock itch”, Most common cause is  ASTEROID body
Epidermophyton floccosum, club shaped. NO microconidia  Mimics cavitary tuberculosis
32. Causes of tinea capitis - microsporum, epidermophyton,  Scaly papules
trichophyton  Gardener
33. Semi-continuous - embryo, human fetus 48. Histoplasma
34. Campylobacter:  Cavitary lung lesion
 G(-), gull-wing shaped  Tuberculate
 Motile with single flagellum  Tongue ulcer
 Microaerophilic, fecal-oral  Bat and avian
 Oxidase/Catalase(+)  Inhalation of conidia
 90-95% of AGE (jejuni&coli), Histoplasma casulatum - microconidia, macroconidia,
 Extra-intestinal, systemic, bacteremia, perinatal tuberculate chlamydospore
infection(C.fetus) 49. Blastomyces dermatidis - Dog-owner, granulomatosis
C. jejuni - GBS, has LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE 50. Bacillus anthracis
C. fetus - S LAYER in the cell wall, TRIPARTITE cytolethal  Central black eschar
distending toxin -> cell cycle arrest and DNA damage  Medusa head
REQTS for culture of Campylobacter:  Comma-shaped on BAP
a. Selective media  Poly-D-glutamic acid(antiphagocytic)
b. Microaerophilic  Lethal toxin
c. Thermophilic Anthrax - localized, Cutaneous (MC route), via lymphatics, heals
d. NOT halophilic! with granulation and scar

DAVECHUA 3
Wool sorters(Inhalational anthrax), via lymphatics 3. Pasteurella multocida - cat-bite, G(-) bipolar stained,
DOC: ciprofloxacin Penicillin
51. Bacillus cereus 4. Brucella melitensis
 G(+), sporeformer, aerobic, motile,  Mediterrenean, computer programmer, Greece,
 Swarming  Flulike
 Medical equipment, IV, eye infection  Unpasteurized milk, Undulant fever, from goat
52. Neurologic phase - inc virus in brain, detectable Ab in serum  Tetracycline
53. Highest rabies virus - submandibular gland Brucella - pregnant cows, placentitis-->abortion
Rabies - G glycoprotein Brucella abortus - Malta fever, farmer, G(-), cattle, needs 5-10%
B.hemolytic strep - M protein CO2 for growth
54. Rhinovirus - nose and throat 5. H. ducreyi
55. Polio - mild, nerves, thru the mouth, multiplies in intestines  Soft, ragged, flat, genital
56. Influenza A - most severe  Painful ulcer
57. DHF – IgM  McConkey, trypticase, colistin, heme
58. Catalase - differentiate Staph  Cephalosporin
59. Coagulase - S. Aureus and S. epidermidis 6. Treponema pallidum - long-last immunity
60. Cotrimoxazole - for AIDS Treponema Ag - CARDIOLIPIN
Treponema Ab - REAGIN
Nontreponemal test - false positive, reaction of mammalian
1. APC --> IL12 --> TH1 --> IgM & IgG(neutralizes the virus) CARDIOLIPIN+REAGIN
Treponemal test - not cultures in lab
TH1 --> IL1 (APC growth, released by macrophage) NT and Trep - syphilis, Bejel, Yaws, Pinta
TH1 --> IFNg (activates macrophage) 7. Primary syphilis (microscopy). Secondary (serologic and
microscopy)
IL12 -x-> TH2 --> IL10 -x-> TH1 8. Anaerobic infection - foul-smelling, demo of gas in tissue,
2. CD8 - no Fc receptor close to mucosa, NOT sepsis, do surgical drainage
3. TLRs - used by immature dendritic cells 9. Bacteroides fragilis - normal flora that causes
4. A/B TCR - dendritic cells intraabdominal infection, survive in oxygen for a short period
5. IC bacteria - activated macrophage (Superoxide dismutase)
6. TH2 - produces 4,5,6,10 Bacteroides melaninogenicus - killed by O2, ferments without
7. TH17 - activates neutrophils O2
8. Gamma IFN - NOT produced by epithelial cells 10. Vibrio
 G(-), O(+), COMMA-SHAPED
9. IL1, IL6, TNF-a - fever
 TCBS
10. TCR, CD3, CD4, NOTCD25 - involved in CD4/T-helper
 Culture is not required
antigen recognition
 Dec WBC & RBC
11. Rifampicin and Fluoro - inhibits DNA topisomerase
 Overactivation of GS-subunit by ADP-ribosylate, mouth ->
12. Ribosome - no useful antigen
SI -> anus
Yaws - reactive VDRL and TPHA
V.parahemolyticus - green colonies
1. Prevotella - tubo-ovarian abscess, oropharyngeal anerobic
V.cholera - monotrichous flagella, rice watery
infection
V.vulnificus - wound infection
2. Bord. Pertussis
11. Ricketsia ricketsii
 G(+) pleomorphic
 RMSF
 Tonsillar and pharyngeal
 Maculopapular rash CENTRIPETALLY, CENTRIFUGALLY!
 Coldlike
 Louseborne typhus
 Pertussis toxin (adherence), EF-2, inactivate G1-CHON
Triad of R.ricketsii - fever, rash, tickbite, NOT cough
complex with rise in cAMP
R.prowazeki - human, extruded from cell by lysis
 Reservoir (Healthy human)
 Pertactin, Filamentous hemagglutinin, Tracheal cytoxin R.akariI - papulovesicular rash, eschar
 Choking spells, lymphocytosis DONT GIVE SULFONAMIDES
 EXOTOXIN Human Monocytotropic Erlichiosis (HME) - tickbite, by
 Give Erythromycin! Ricketssia (Erlichia chaffeensis), leucopenia, absolute
Catarrhal stage - droplets, highly infectious lymphopenia, neutropenia
Human Granulocytic Erlichiosis (HGE) - by Rickettsia
(Anaplasmosis phagocytophilum)

DAVECHUA 4
12. Amsel's criteria for bacterial vaginosis - clue cells, >4.5ph,
(+) whiff test
13. Fecal-oral - Haverhill, cholera, listeriosis, campylobacter,
NOT donovanosis
14. H. pylori
 Type 1 carcinogen, gastric biopsy, grows ph6-7, alkaline
ph,
 Motile with multiple flagella at one pole,
 Oxidase(+), dark-staining SI epithelial cells
 Increased # of mononuclear cells in LP
 NOT the major cause of gastric/duodenal ulcer
 TRIPLE antibiotic with PPI x 14 days
15. GI symptoms - B. Anthracis, B.cereus, C.perfringens, NOT
C.botulinum
16. Clostridium
 G(+) anaerobic bacilli, sporulating
 Ferments sugar, motile,
 Causes food poisoning
 THETA toxin - necrosis and hemolytic
C.perfringens - myonecrosis/Double zone of hemolysis
C.difficile - NOT in food poisoning
1. O antigen - Salmonella, vibrio, shigella, escherichia, NOT
neiserria
H antigen - Salmonella, proteus, escherichia, NOT shigella
2. Antiviral – Hepatitis BC
B - IFNa, lamivudine(RT), Famciclovir(DNAP)
C - IFNa, Ribavirin(RNAP)
3. Vaccine - ABD
A-killed vaccine, chlorine, saltwater (same with E)
B-recombinant
4. Ca dipicolinate & Dehydrated state - heat resistance of
bacterial spores
5. E. Faecalis - capsule, ribosome, plasmid, teichoic acid, NOT
LPS
6. Yersinia pestis
 Flea-bite
 Lymphadenopathy
 Produce coagulase@28C but not 35C
 Chipmunk, NLF, striking bipolar stain, Wright stain
 V antigen
Yersinia enterocolitica - refrigerate overnight before
inoculation, cold enriched
Bubonic plaque - IN swelling, safety pin
7. Coxsackie virus - aseptic meningitis, herpangina(type A),
myocarditis, HANDandFOOT(type A), NOT foot-mouth disease
8. Influenza A - pandemics
9. Influenza B - exclusive human pathogen
10. Norwalk - MC cause of viral gastroenteritis
11. Parvovirus B-19 - Erythema infectiousum (Fifth disease),
Arthritis (Most striking manifestation), Hydrops fetalis
12. EMJH media – Weil’s
13. Leptospiroisis (Weil’s)
 Fletcher
 Muscle pain, conjunctival suffusion, oliguria, renal failure,
 Severe leptospirosis (Weil’s Disease)
 Serological diagnosis
 TX: Penicillin
 PX: Doxycycline
1st phase - Spirochetes
2nd phase - IgM
L.interrogans - pathogenic strains
Leptospira vaccine - for DOGS only!
14. Ebola - FLUIDS(MOT)
15. Anti-virals/Nucleoside analogs - acyclovir, inhibits NA
replication, not attached to PO4
16. Protease inhibitor - inhibits the late stage of HIV, highly
active(together with NRTI)
17. Foscarnet - both DNA and RNA, dec viral shedding in genital
herpes
18. Cladosporum carionii - dematiaceous fungi with
elongated conidiophore, long branching chains of oval conidia
19. Fonseca pedrosoi (Polymorphic forms) - phialides, chains
of blastoconidia, sympoidal rhinocladiella type
20. Micropsporum sp - produce KERATINASE
Microsporum canis - echinulate, thick-walled, spindle-shaped
with pointed tips MACRO, few round-shaped MICRO.
Microsporum gypseum - echinulate, numerous ellipsoidal with
rounded ends MACRO, few oval-shaped MICRO
21. Epider.floccosum - club-shaped MACRO, without MICRO,
multicellular, only specie pathogenic to man
22. Aspergillus - fungus, GREEN spores
Aspergillus fumigatus - filamentous mycelial (room temp),
yeast (bodytemp)
23. Mycetismus - ingestion of poisonus mushroom-like, death
cap
Madurella mycetomatis - SQ infection of the foot caused with
hairlike appendages
Madura foot - exiophiala jenselmei
Mycetoma - P.boydii granules are white, mushroom,
suppuration, abscess formation
24. Plaque assay - HPV, lytic, virulent
25. Transformation assay - quantitative, non-lytic, oncogenic
26. Rotavirus - localized, spoke-like, wheel-like, MAJOR CAUSE
of GE, asymptomatic
Norwalk virus - most important cause of ‘EPIDEMIC VIRAL’ GE
27. Epidemic typhus - ricketssial disease with HUMANS as
primary reservoir, Xenopsylla cheopsis
1. Conjunctivits - H.influenza, H.aegypticus
2. Pseudomonas
 G(-)bacilli, colorless, CaOx+, Mucoid colonies(capsule),
 greenish blue(MH), grapelike odor
 Does not ferment sugar, BURN, DIABETIC
 Give Gentamycin
DAVECHUA 5
Pseudomonas aeroginosa - EXOTOXIN A (tissue necrosis),
major cause of meningitis in 2yo
3. Burkhol. mallei - Glanders disease, pneumonia, ulcerative
lesions in skin
4. Swarming - Proteus and B.cereus
5. Proteus - reacts with ricketssial antigens, swarming on blood
agar, hydrolyzes urea
Proteus mirabilis - alkaline urine, PINK, struvite STONES(Mg
ammonium PO4)
6. Chlamydia trachomatis
 Elementary bodies(infectious)
 Reiter's syndrome, asymptomatic, energy parasite,
bacterium
 NOT grown easily on blood agar
 MOST COMMON cause of non-gonococcal urethritis
ABC - blindness
D thru K - inclusion conjunctivitis in NB, LGV
7. Mycobacterium - G(+), waxy cell wall, acid fast
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - virulent and alive in dried
sputum, destroyed in sunlight
MAC - M.avium and M.intracellulare
8. Corynebacterium
 G(+), exotoxin
 Metachromatic granules
 Chinese palisade appearance
Corynebacterium diptheria - chemoheterotroph, obligate
aerobe
9. Diptheriae - BACTERIOPHAGE, Corynebacterium and
Clostridium perfringens
10. M.leprae - obligate IC, cannot be grown in artificial media,
tissue culture, and fertil.egg
Leprosy - transmission is direct contact with lepromatous type
Tuberculoid - stronger CMI, dec bacillary load, less severe
11. Strep pneumonia - Quellung reaction, (-) catalase
12. S.aureus - yellow on Mannitol salt agar, causes BOTH toxin-
mediated and inflammatory clinical ss
13. Onychomycosis - germ tube in nutrient-enriched media,
MOST COMMON, Non-communicable
14. Pneumocystis pneumonia - seen mostly in
immunocompromised patients, cannot be cultured
P. Carina - rats only
15. Zygomatic - hypahe are broad, RIBBON-like, sparsely
septated
Rhizopus oryzae - MOST prevalent
rhinocerebral mucormycosis - MAJOR clinical form
16. Thermally dimorphic fungi - HSBPRP
17. Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis - Central and South america,
multiple budding yeast
1. ELISA - detects HBsAg, uses anti-Hbs linked to horseradish
peroxidase
Indirect ELISA - labeled 2dary Ab specificity for unknown
primary Ab
Western Blot - immunoblotting, nitrocellulose sheets as Ag
substrate, gp120,41,24
Single Radial Hemolysis - rubella-Ag coated/rubella-specific
IgG
2. Quantitative serum IgM determination - neonatal infection in
the absence of clinical signs
3. N.gonorrhea
 Oxidase, swollen ankle, G(-)diplococcic
 Chocolate agar, antigenic variation(repeated infection)
 Disseminated gonococcal disease
 Thayer martin (colistin, vancomycin, nystatin)
 Give Ceftriaxone
N.meningitis
 EXO and ENDOTOXIN
 Has LPS on cell wall
 Fimbriae/Pili(Adhesion)
 Capsule(inhibits phagocytosis)
 LIPID A in outer membrane - overwhelming septicemia and
shock complicating bacteremia
4. Chlamydophila pneumonia - stroke, atypical pneumonia,
obligate IC parasite
Chlam. psittaci - obligate IC, bird trainer, flulikeo
5. EIEC - young children bloody diarrhea, invasion
EHEC - cannot ferment sorbitol
6. E.coli - pus cells and terminal dysuria
E.coli cystitis - HEMOLYSIN
O157:H7 - hemorrhagic colitis, HUS, TTP, nuchal rigidity,
increased neutrophils, inhibits protein synthesis by binding to
60s ribosomal subunit
7. Francisella tularensis
 Tularemia, eschar, enlarged lymph node, tick-bite
 Use gloves, while skinning a rabbit
 Small G(-), facultative IC, cysteine requiring
 POE: tick-bite, intestinal, respiratory
8. Nocardia - thin branching G(+), weakly acid fast, ABSCESS
formation (usual pathology)
Nocardia asteroides - G(+), aerobic, branching rods, partially
acid fast
9. Nontreponemal test - false positive, reaction of mammalian
CARDIOLIPIN+REAGIN
10. Treponemal test - not cultured in lab
11. NT and Trep - syphilis, Bejel, Yaws, Pinta
12. Borrelia - larger, giemsa, tick-bite
Borellia burgdorferi - Lyme disease, Erythema chronicum
migrans
13. Live vaccine - OPV, MMR, BOTH humoral and cell-mediated,
LESS STABLE IN TEMP
Inactivated vaccine - DPT, IPV, Hib, requires multiple doses, less
CMI, can use adjuvants, MAINLY HUMORAL
Genetic vaccine - stable in extreme temperature, elicits good
cellular response
Adjuvantation - inactivated polio, recombinant HepB, NOT OPV
T cell dependent response - Hib, MMR, Varicella
DAVECHUA 6
14. Bart.henselae - main vector is Ctenophalides felis
15. Tick bite - Francisella tularensis, Borrelia, Ricketsia.ricketsii
16. Neuraminidase - RBC hemolysis
17. Listeria - tumbling, G(+), neonatal sepsis, ingestion,
replicates in cytoplasm, actin filaments, give Penicillin
18. Cystitis (Hemolysin). Pyelonephritis (Fimbriae). Meningitis
(IC antigen).
19. COLORLESS - Salmonella, Pseudomonas
20. COPD chemoprophylaxis complication - Strep pneumonia, H
influenza
21. Induces immunity - mithridization, variolation, vaccination
22. Actinomyces israelli - SULFUR granules, came from own
mouth, Ampicillin and surgical drainage
23. DME – Auramine-Rhodamine method (Fluorescent)
24. Streptobacillus monilliformis - Haverhill, Rat-Bite,
ingestion of contaminated
18. Molluscum - Henderson-Paterson
19. HACEK - Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Candidobacterium,
Eikenella, Kingella
G(-) Fastidious, oropharyngeal and endocarditis
20. Jarisch-Herxheimer - release of toxic products from dying or
killed spirochetes
21. Stolon - horizontally expanding septate hyphae (connects
sporangiophores together and responsible for reproduction)
22. Trichosporum beigelli
 Yeast-like
 Part of normal flora of mouth, skin and nails
 Secretes UREASE, NO sexual reproduction
23. Dematiaceous - Piedrata hortai, Exophiala werneckii
24. Arthroconidia - septation and fragmentation
25. Piedrata hortai - keratinolytic, dematiacieous, WHIP-like
26. Pediculus humanis corporis - Bartonella quintana

1. N.gono and H.ducreyi - STD seen readily on gramstain 1. Complement fixation test for Ab sequence - Ag + Pt serum +
2. Endotoxin - has LIPID A (monoclonal ab acts upon it) C/wait + EA
ENDOTOXINS - Salmonella, E.coli, N.gonorrhea, produce fever 2. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis - (+) capsular Ag in
(LIPID C on outermembrane) CSF
3. C1 inhibitor - deficiency --> recurrent facial swelling, 3. "Pins and needles in feet" - dec Pyridoxine/B6
hereditary angioedema 4. Facultative anaerobes - makes fermatative and respiratory
4. Papova - polyoma, papilloma, simian vacuolating set of enzymes
Papilloma - interacts with TSP 5. Fimbriae - most G(-)
Retrovirus - Lentiviridae, Spuma, Concoviridae 6. Autoclave @ 121C for 15mins - IRREVERSIBLE
5. Adenovirus - infantile diarrhea, acute resp infection, 7. Iodine - sporocidal
keratoconjunctivitis, intussusception, uses host cell RNAp to 8. Teichoic acid
transcribe its genome  G(+)
6. Coccidiodes immitis  Protrudes on surface
 MOST virulent fungi  Provide Ag specificity
 Desert rheumatism, erythematous nodular rash, hilar  Consists of chains of glycerol, ribitol residues, attachment
adenopathy with effusion to host cell
 Spherules filled with endospores 9. Type 2 - Hay fever, Type-specific BT
7. Cauliflower-like - Sporothrix and Phialophora 10. Type 3 - Immune complex, Hashimoto's
8. Phialophora verrucosa - cauliflower-like, verrucous, flask- 11. Type 4 - T cell, tuberculin, contact dermatitis, delayed
shaped, cup-like COLLARETTES 12. VIRULENCE FACTORS:
9. Mucor - necrotic lesions when mold invades BV, Pauciseptate S.aureus - surface protein A, coagulase, capsule
hyphae Salmonella - capsule
10. Ascomycota - largest group of fungi (60%fungi,85% human E.coli - pili(antiohagocytic)
pathogen) 13. Causes of meningitis:
Penicillium marneffei - bamboo rats, green-yellow colonies, Neonates - E coli, GrpB strep, Listeria monocytogenes
diffusable red pigments 1month-6years - H.inlfluenza type B, N.mening, Strep.
11. Bacterial genetic elements --> Pathogenicity - transferrable, Pneumonia
mobile, clonal, extrachromosomal Closed population - N. Meningitidis
12. Active immunization - Rabies type1, mimics natural 14. Fusobacterium - anaerobic
infection, produces neutralizing Ab
13. Grapelike MICRO - Trichophyton mentagrophytes
14. Grapelieke odor - Pseudomonas
15. Trichiphyton mentagrophytes - numerous round, grapelike
MICRO, SAUSAGE-shaped MACRO,
16. Tinea nigra - black brown macule
17. Measle - Warthin-Finkeldey

DAVECHUA 7