Atomic + Nuclear

Radiative decay
1 Radioactivity
r/a is random process unaffected by
physical or chemical conditions - ie in a
sample of 100 r/a nuclei each with a
probability of 0.3 of decaying within next
minute, expect 30 out of 100 to decay but
dont know which 30.
N = number undecayed nucleirate of
decay is rate at which N changes w. time
N
ie
t
N
How are
and N related?
t
What effect does doubling N have on
N
?
t
N
Deduce
N
t
N
But N is decreasing so
N
t
N
Therefore
= N
t
dN
and
= N
dt
What is solution to this differential eqn?
ie what function differentiated gives the
same function? e
N = N 0 e t
= decay constant
= Pr(nucleus decays in unit time)
N = e t
N0
T1
1
=e 2
2
T1

2=e 2
ln2 = T1
2

ln 2
T1
2

Wh Ch64 #28,29,30,35,37
review AN3 and discuss value of (= 16 )

are called isotopes

11H, 21 H, 31 H are 3 isotopes of H
12
13
6 C, 6 C are 2 isotopes of C
since # electrons same for different
isotopes, chemical properties same
different isotopes have different mass >>
many physical properties are different
eg density, bp, mp
3 Mass spectrometer
OHP
crossed E and B for velocity selection
FB = FE
QvB = QE
E
v=
B
Fmag = Fc
mv2
R
mv
R=
QB
R m

QvB =
uniform v, Q, B, >>

Wh Ch63 # 14, 15

4 Strong nuclear force

show model He nucleus - high electrical
repulsion requires stronger force to hold
nucleus together
disc strong nuclear force; range ~ 1
diameter of nucleon
OHP graph N vs Z >> stability curve
close to N=Z for low A, as A inc N>Z >>
need neutrons to dilute electrical
repulsion of protons
5 Nuclear transformations
nucleus absorbs particle >> unstable >>
emits radiation
conservation A and Z - exs on OHP
refer h/out - proton and neutron
discovery not in syll.
Wh Ch64 #14,15,16,17,18,20,21ab

2 Isotopes - OHP, copies to class

a nuclide is kind of nucleus with a unique
Z and N; H-1, C-12 and N-14 are 3
different nuclides
different nuclides of the same element
Steve Udy Teaching Notes

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Printed on 29/6/04