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Operations Involved on the

Dependent Variable

Digital Signal
Processing

1. Amplitude Scaling

2. Addition and Subtraction

3. Amplitude Shifting

4. Amplitude Reversal

LECTURE 2

OPERATION S INVOLV ED ON THE DEPENDENT AND

INDEPEND ENT VARIABLE

Amplitude Scaling

Amplitude Scaling

Amplitude Scaling is done by multiplying the amplitude of a

signal by a constant.
=

Example 2.1

Given the signal, find:

a) x2(t)=2x(t)

Where:

b) x2(t)=0.5x(t)

If: a>1 amplification

a<1 - attenuation

Solution on the board

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Addition

Amplitude Shifting

Point-by-point addition of multiple signals

=

Example: sketch

()

Mathematical definition:

( )

Where:
If: +a=shift upward

= ( )
=

-a=shift downward

Solution on the board

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Amplitude Shifting

Example 3.2
Sketch:

Amplitude Reversal

Mathematical definition:

+2

Example 3.3
Sketch:

= ( )

= ( )

Operation Done on the

Independent Variable

Time Scaling

1. Time scaling

Mathematical Definition:

3. Time Reversal

Where:

2. Time Shifting

If a>1 compression

a<1 expansion

Time Scaling

Example 3.4

Given x(t), sketch

= (

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Time Shifting

Mathematical Definition:

If +

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LECTURE 3 SIGNALS, SPECTRA WITH DSP

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= (

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Time Shifting/Delay

Time Reversal

Flips the signal about the y axis.

Example 3.5
Sketch:

Mathematical definition:
=

Sketch y(t) = u(t 2)

Example: Sketch:

= ( )

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Time Reversal

Example 3.6
Let

Sketch

+2

= (2 2)

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Multiplication of Signals

Point-by-point multiplication of the values of each

signal.
Mathematical definition:
y(t) = x1(t)x2(t)

Note:

Standard Rule: time shift

Graphical solution
Plot each individual portion of the signal
Multiply the signals point by point

time scale

Solution on the board

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Multiplication of Signals

Digital Signal
Processing

Example 3.7

Given the following signals:

Sketch:

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( )

LECTURE 2
END

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