BOILER PRESSURE PARTS

COMPONENTS OF BOILER THROUGH

WHICH FEED WATER AND STEAM FLOW
AND HEAT IS ADDED
COMPONENT
HEAT ADDITION
ECONOMISER
6%
DRUM
NIL
WATERWALL
50%
SUPER HEATER
30%
RE HEATER
14%

BOILER PRESSURE PARTS LOCATION

ECONOMISER
PRE HEATS THE FEED WATER
ENTERING THE BOILER BY USING
HEAT IN OUT GOING FLUE GASES
IMPROVES BOILER EFFICIENCY
REDUCE BOILER SIZE

ECONOMISER TYPES
ECO N O M ISER
TU BE DESIGN
PLAIN TU BE

HEAT ADDITION

FI N N E D T U B E N O N S T E A M I N G

STEAM IN G

ARRANGEM ENT
IN LIN E

STAGGERED

COMPARISON OF ECONOMISER
TYPES
PLAIN TUBE
EASY ON LOAD
CLEANING

FINNED TUBE
MORE HEAT
TRANSFER AREA
IN GIVEN VOLUME
ON LOAD
CLEANING
DIFFICULT

Direction of Gas Flow

Inline Arrangement

Direction of Gas Flow

Staggered Arrangement

COMPARISON OF ECONOMISER
TYPES
STAGGERED
HIGH HEAT
TRANSFER RATE
DUE TO
INCREASED
TURBULANCE
ON LOAD
CLEANING
DIFFICULT

INLINE
EASY ON LOAD
CLEANING

ECONOMISER DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER AREA
OF ECONOMISER DEPENDS ON
FEED WATER INLET TEMPERATURE
SATURATION TEMP. CORRESPONDING
TO OPERATING PRESSURE
FEED WATER FLOW RATE
GAS TEMP. REQUIRED AT THE OUTLET
OF ECONOMISER

ECONOMISER DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
TUBE DIAMETER, LENGTH AND
SPACING ARE DECIDED TO ENSURE
UNIFORM WATER FLOW THROUGH
ALL TUBES WITH LOW RESISTANCE
ECONOMISER FITIN WITH THE
DESIGN OF PRCEDING SECTION
DRAUGHT LOSS IS MINIMUM
PROVISON FOR ON LOAD CLEANING
DEVICE

LOCATION OF ECONOMISER IN A TWO

PASS BOILER

ECONOMISER COIL INSIDE BOILER

ECONOMISER TUBE FAILURE

OVER HEATING
STARVATION
SCALING

CORROSION
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL

EROSION

ECONOMISER RE CIRCULATION

DRUM CONSTRUCTION

FUNCTIONS OF BOILER DRUM

TO SEPARATE WATER AND STEAM
FROM WATER STEAM MIXTURE
MIX WATER SEPARATED WITH
WATER FROM ECONOMISER AND
FEED TO DOWNCOMERS
TO FACILITATE CHEMICAL DOZING
TO FACILITATE BLOWDOWN

DRUM CONNECTIONS

STEAM SEPARATION IN DRUM

GRAVITY
SEPARATION
ADOPTED FOR
LOW PRESSURES
USE BAFFLES TO
CHANGE
DIRECTION OF
FLOW TO
SEPARATE WATER
BY GRAVITY

CENTRIFUGAL AND
GRAVITY
SEPARATION
ADOPTED FOR
HIGH PRESSURES
USE TURBO
SEPARATORS OR
CYCLONE
SEPARATORS TO
IMPART
CENTRIFUGAL
FORCES

GRAVITY SEPARATION USING

BAFFLES

STEAM SEPARATION USING

CYCLONE SEPARATORS

AUXILIARY CONNECTIONS TO
THE BOILER DRUM
CHEMICAL DOZING NOZZLE
BLOWDOWN NOZZLE
FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF
PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE
WATER LEVEL INDICATORS
SAFETY VALVES AND AIR VENTS

TAPPINGS FOR VARIOUS

MEASUREMENTS ON THE DRUM
THREE PAIRS FOR REMOTE LEVEL
INDICATORS
TWO PAIRS FOR LOCAL LEVEL GAUGES
TWO PAIRS FOR CONDUCTIVITY
MEASUREMENT
TWO PAIRS FOR PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT
THREE PAIRS OF THERMAL PADS FOR
MEASURING DRUM METAL
TEMPERATURE
ONE PAIR FOR HIGH LEVEL AND LOW
LEVEL TRIPS

EFFECTS OF DRUM LEVEL

VARIATIONS
LOW LEVEL
STARVAION AND ULTIMATE FAILURE
OF WATERWALL TUBES

EFFECTS OF DRUM LEVEL

VARIATIONS
HIGH LEVEL
AFFECTS STEAM SEPARATION
CARRY OVER OF WATER BY STEAM
SUPER HEATERS THERMALLY STRESSED
SCALING IN SUPER HEATERS
OVER HEATING OF SUPER HEATERS

WATER HAMMERING IN STEAM PIPES

PITTING ON TURBINE BLADES

AIR VENT AND SAFETY VALVES