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Cell Load Sharing Feature and Traffic Optimization Cell Load Sharing Feature and Traffic Optimization in GSM Network in GSM Network
Cell Load Sharing Feature and Traffic Optimization Cell Load Sharing Feature and Traffic Optimization in GSM Network in GSM Network
IN GSM NETWORK
Vedran Novak
Faculty of Traffic and Transport Engineering, Belgrade
Mentor: Prof. dr Vladanka A}imovi}-Raspopovi}
I INTRODUCTION
RHYST (t t 0 )
h = H 1 2
(dB) (1)
100 CLSRAMP
III
III HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION
All the cells belong to the same BSC. Cell shape is approximated
for easier calculation of the area of the load sharing region. The
author presumed that the central zone is congested (depicted by
lighter shade of gray on Figure 1.) while the rest of the cells can
accept extra load generated by the load sharing handover.
Parameter settings are GoS=2%, RHYST=75% and CLSRAMP=0.
Different cells are identified by the BTS sites (site D serves cells
D1, D2 and D3). All the cells have 3 Transciever Units (TRU)
installed, except cells E2, G1 and D3 that have 2 TRUs.
Observed zone encompasses different traffic density zones .
Sites A, B
and C
Cells D3, E2
and G1
Remaining
cells
Estimated traffic
density
23 E/km2
11 E/km2
5 E/km2
Number of TCH
channels per cell
22
14
22
1.
One should observe cells that can hand over its load to a
single cell and these receiving cells accept incoming load up
to a TACCLI level (if TACCLI < THLI) or whole THLI load (if
TACCLI > THLI) (steps C3-G1, A2-D3 and B1-E2).
2.
One should observe cells that can accept load from a single
congested cell and these uncongested cells accept load in the
same manner as defined in the Rule 1. Rule 2 takes control
after all the observed cells according to Rule 1 had
offloaded its traffic load (steps C2-I3, A1-H1 and B3-F3).
3.
Grey colored fields in the LS Table mark cells that had accepted
traffic load up to their congestion level, regardless of any
neighbouring congested cells that might had not been fully
offloaded. After all neighbouring cells had accepted traffic load
up to their congestion level, one should increase traffic density in
congested zone and start the Procedure A all over again. This
incremental traffic increase is aimed at finding highest traffic
load that the neighbouring cells cooperatively can offload.
A1
1.4796
1.4796
1.5431
H2
1.896
E1
2.976
0.4164
0.0168
D3
1.0503
6
A1 =
13.3996
E
0
A2
1.5431
A2 =
13.8457
E
D3
1.0503
0
A3
2.9592
1.5431
E1
2.976
A3 =
11.9368
E
E2
1.0503
0.0168
B1
1.5431
B2
2.9592
1.5431
B1 =
13.8457
E
E2
1.0503
0
G1
1.0503
1.4796
1.4796
E2
1.0503
1.5431
STEP 1
Identical with the STEP 1 of the Procedure A with following
exception instead of the congested cells one takes into account
uncongested cells.
STEP 2
This step is also somewhat different from the STEP 2 of the
Procedure A. The uncongested cells are divided into rings
depending on their distance from congested zone (Figure 2.).
B2 =
11.9368
E
G3
2.976
0.0168
B3
G3
2.976
F1
1.896
0.0168
0.4164
B3 =
13.3996
E
0
C1
2.9592
1.5431
D3
1.0503
C1 =
11.9368
E
D2
3.9413
0.0519
C2
1.4796
1.4796
1.5431
D2
2.976
I3
1.896
0.0168
0.4164
G1
1.0503
C2 =
13.3996
E
Figure 2. The cells of the uncongested zone divided into rings
0
C3
1.5431
G1
1.0503
0
C3 =
13.8457
E
STEP 4
After traffic density increase and a few runs through the
Procedure A, one should find out that one or more of the
congested cells still remain congested, although on a lower level
than before load sharing. In that case, one can try to hand over
some load to formerly congested cells. Once more, one should
run Procedure A but this time input values should take into
account different traffic load in the congested and their
neighbouring cells. Once that all of the neighbouring cells by
themselves can not off load congested cells and when STEP 4
of Procedure A fails, all the cells in the zone of location
should engage the problem.
PROCEDURE B
1.
2.
One should observe cells that can hand over its load to a
single cell and these receiving cells accept incoming load up
to a TACCLI level (if TACCLI < THLI) or whole THLI load (if
TACCLI > THLI) (steps I1-I2, H3-H1 and G3-F2).
3.
4.
The Rule 1 ensures that enough spare capacity will be left over
to accept traffic load from the nearest ring cells. If while acting
upon the Rule 1 and while offloading load into the most distant
ring, one can start offloading by handing over the equal load
from several candidates, the first cell to perform handover should
be chosen randomly.
Once the load in the uncongested zone had been shared, the
Phase 1 is over. The Phase 2 actually represents second run of
the Procedure A without any changes to previously set rules
for redistribution. The LS Table is tabulated again and input
values for the table regarding the uncongested cells should be
taken from final setup of the LS Table from the Phase 1.
8
CLS OFF
A1
GOS (%)
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
0
23
24
25
26
27
28
TRAFFIC DENSITY
At a certain level of the traffic load, one should find out that
neither procedure could relieve traffic congestion. At this point,
Cell load sharings congestion relieving maximum had been
reached.
Graph 1. depicts GoS (%) for each of the congested cells
depending on traffic density whether the feature is turned on or
off (CLS OFF data series).
IV CONCLUSION
The procedures presented in this paper have been based upon the
idea and the description of the Cell load sharing operation, for
the reason that its operation had not been possible to test in
reality since both Serbian cellular networks do not operate this
feature and some of operation details represent Ericssons trade
secret. Operating this feature can provide that Quality of Service
remains unaffected during peak hours or until the network
capacity is expanded provided that the rate of subscriber growth
is rather slow. Nevertheless, the CLS feature cannot help in case
of the largely undercapacitated network since it had not been
designed for that task in the first place, but it could help to
provide maximum utilization of the network. The efficiency limits
are defined both by setting range of key parameters and the
actual network capacity, and are also affected by the size and
number of congested and uncongested cells.
Finally, it can be said that the Cell load sharing feature could
help to relieve congested network but does not represent the
solution that could permanently solve the capacity deficit in the
cellular network.
REFERENCES:
[1] CME 20/CME 40 System Survey, Ericsson Radio Systems
AB, Stockholm, 1997.
[2] GSM Cell Planning Principles, Ericsson Radio Systems AB,
Stockholm 2000.
[3] Cell Load Sharing,User description, Ericsson Radio Systems
AB, Stockholm 2000.
[4] Svetozar V. Vukadinovi}: Masovno opslu`ivanje, Nau~na
knjiga, Beograd 1988.
[5] Dejan Su~evi}: Primeri primene matemati~kih metoda u PTT
saobra}aju, Saobra}ajni fakultet, Beograd 1996.
Abstract: The network cells in mobile telephony systems must be
dimensioned for the case of heavy load, although the average
load is significantly lower. The unevenly distributed traffic, both
in temporal and spatial domain, causes the traffic congestion. Cell
Load Sharing (CLS) feature of Base Station Controllers (BSC)
software is designed to redistribute traffic load between
neighbouring cells and is one of the possible solutions of traffic
congestion problem.
This paper presents an idea (a set of procedures) th at could
evaluate the effect of CLS features operation at congestion level.