CONTRAST

ALTERNATIVE

Although __ , ___

Alternatively, _____

In spite of (the fact that) __, __

The alternative is ____

Despite (the fact that) __ , __

Another possibility would be _____

On the contrary, ____

Instead, ____

However, ___

Instead of __, _____

Still, ___

____, rather than ____

In contrast, ___

Otherwise, ____

Nevertheless, ___

If nothing else, ___

Conversely, ___
____, yet ______
REASON / CAUSE

RESULT / EFFECT

Since ____ , _______ .

As a result, ___

___ due to (the fact that)

As a consequence, ___

____ for the reason that ___

In consequence, ___

In view of the fact that__ , __

In effect, ___

__ inasmuch as __

CONsequently, ___

___ stems from ____

Thus (FORMAL) ___

Owing to (the fact that) __ , ____

Hence (FORMAL) ___

For some reason or other, ___

For this reason, ____

As a result of (the reason), __(effect) _

Therefore ____
It follows that ____

ADDITION / ORDERING POINTS

First(ly), ___
For one thing, ___
Moreover, ____
In addition, ____
Additionally, _____

EXAMPLE
For example, ___
For instance, ___
_ provides a good illustration of _
_ serves as a good illustration of _
, such as ___

On top of that, ____

___ is a case in point.

Besides, ____

_ _, primarily ___

Last but not least, ____

It can be well illustrated by __

Above all, ____

__ , in particular ___

More importantly, ____

Furthermore, ___
CLARIFICATION / EXPLANATION

TIME RELATIONSHIP

In other words, __

Initially, __

By this I mean, ___ (SPOKEN)

At first, __

That is (not) to say that __

Afterwards, __

To put it another way, ___

SUBsequently, __

Put more simply, ___

Then __

What I'm trying to say is that ___

At the same time, __

(SPOKEN)

By the time __ , ___

Here I'm referring to (the fact that) _

While ___ , ___

Eventually, ___
In the end, __
In the meantime, ____
Back in the day, ____
As soon as ___ , ____
It was only then that ___

REFERENCE

CONDITION

With regard to _ , _____

If , ____, ____

As far as __ is concerned, ___

As long as___, ___

As regards _ , ______

On condition that ___, ____

Regarding _ , ___

Provided that ___, ___

With reference to _ , _____

Unless___, ____

GENERALIZATION

SUMMARY

Generally, ___

To sum up, ___

In general, ___

Summarizing all above, ___

Usually, ____

In conclusion, ___

On average, ____

To conclude, ___

Statistically, ____

All in all, ___

On the whole, ____

Overall, ___

More often than not, ____

On balance, ___

As a rule, ___

By and large, ___

Nine times out of ten, __ (SPOKEN)

In short, ___

____ tend to ____

PURPOSE

MANNER

In order to ____, ____

__ , as though __

____ (in order) to _____

___ in such a way that ___

___ , so that _____

__, as if ___

For this purpose, _____

With this in mind, ____
___ , so as to ____
___ , lest _____
___ for fear that ___
___ in the hope that ____
SIMILARITY

STATING THE OBVIOUS

By the same token, ___

As a matter of fact, ___

Likewise, ___

Clearly, ___

Similarly, ___

Obviously, ___

Both X and Y ________

Undoubtedly, ___
Beyond a shadow of a doubt, ___
As could be expected, ___
Doubtless, ___