TERMS PERTAINING TO THE BODY AS A WHOLE 69

REVIEW SHEET
Write the meaning of each combining form, prefix, or suffix in the space provided, and test yourself. Check
your answers with the information in the chapter or in the Glossary (Medical Word Parts—English), at the
end of the book.

Combining Forms
COMBINING FORM MEANING COMBINING FORM MEANING
lower back (side and back
abdomin/o abdomen
___________________ lumb/o ___________________
between the ribs and the pelvis)

adip/o fat
___________________ medi/o middle
___________________
anter/o front
___________________ nucle/o nucleus
___________________
bol/o to cast (throw)
___________________ pelv/i ___________________
pelvis, hip region
neck (of the body
back, behind
cervic/o ___________________
or of the uterus) poster/o ___________________
cartilage (type of
chondr/o ___________________
connective tissue) proxim/o ___________________
nearest

color sacrum
chrom/o ___________________ sacr/o ___________________
coccyg/o coccyx (tailbone)
___________________ sarc/o ___________________
flesh

crani/o skull
___________________ spin/o spine, backbone
___________________
cyt/o cell
___________________ thel/o, theli/o nipple
___________________ 2
dist/o far, distant
___________________ thorac/o chest
___________________
back portion of
trachea, windpipe
dors/o ___________________
the body trache/o ___________________
hist/o tissue
___________________ umbilic/o navel, umbilicus
___________________
ilium (part of the belly side of the
ili/o ___________________
pelvic bone) ventr/o ___________________
body
vertebra(e),
groin
inguin/o ___________________ vertebr/o ___________________
backbone(s)

kary/o nucleus
___________________ viscer/o internal organs
___________________
later/o side
___________________

Prefixes
PREFIX MEANING PREFIX MEANING

ana- up
___________________ hypo- below
___________________
cata- down
___________________ inter- between
___________________
epi- above
___________________ meta- change
___________________
 70 TERMS PERTAINING TO THE BODY AS A WHOLE

Suffixes
SUFFIX MEANING SUFFIX MEANING

-al pertaining to
___________________ -oma ___________________
-eal pertaining to
___________________ -ose pertaining to, full of
___________________
-ectomy process
___________________ -plasm formation
___________________
-iac pertaining to
___________________ -somes bodies
___________________
-ior pertaining to
___________________ -tomy ___________________
-ism process, condition
___________________ -type picture, classification
___________________

Label the regions and quadrants (use abbreviations) of the abdominopelvic cavity. Check your
answers in the chapter, pages 46 and 47.

REGIONS QUADRANTS

Right hypochondriac Left hypochondriac region

region 1 2
Epigastric region 3
(RUQ) (LUQ)
Left lumbar region 1 3
Right lumbar region 5
4
2 6
Umbilical region

Right inguinal region

7 8
Left inguinal region (RLQ) (LLQ)
2 4
9 Hypogastric region

Name the divisions of the spinal column. Check your answers on page 48.
Cervical
neck region (C1 to C7) _________________________________________________________________
Thoracic
chest region (T1 to T12) ________________________________________________________________
Lumbar
lower back (loin) region (L1 to L5) _______________________________________________________
Sacral
region of the sacrum (S1 to S5) __________________________________________________________
Coccygeal
tailbone region _______________________________________________________________________
 TERMS PERTAINING TO THE BODY AS A WHOLE 71

Name the planes of the head as pictured below. Check your answers on page 52.
vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Brain Frontal (coronal) plane
___________________________________________________________________

Brain horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions
Transverse (axial) plane
___________________________________________________________________

Brain
vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions
Sagittal (lateral) plane
___________________________________________________________________

Name the positional and directional terms. Check your answers on pages 50-51.
Anterior (ventral)
front of the body ______________________________________________________________________
Posterior (dorsal)
back of the body ______________________________________________________________________ 2
Deep
away from the surface of the body ________________________________________________________
Superficial
on the surface of the body _______________________________________________________________
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
Distal
_____________________________________________________________________________________
near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
Proximal
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Inferior
below another structure ________________________________________________________________
Superior
above another structure ________________________________________________________________
Lateral
pertaining to the side __________________________________________________________________
Medial
pertaining to the middle ________________________________________________________________
Prone
lying on the belly ______________________________________________________________________
Supine
lying on the back ______________________________________________________________________
 72 TERMS PERTAINING TO THE BODY AS A WHOLE

Give the meanings of the following terms that pertain to the cell. Check your answers with Study
Section 1, page 37. Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There
are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which
contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes
chromosomes ________________________________________________________________________
Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs
mitochondria _________________________________________________________________________
in mitochondria. (From the Greek mitos meaning thread, and chondrion meaning granule.)

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the
nucleus _____________________________________________________________________________
cell.
Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code,
it directs the activities of the cell.
DNA ________________________________________________________________________________
Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from
endoplasmic reticulum _________________________________________________________________
smaller protein pieces.

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves
cell membrane ________________________________________________________________________
the cell.

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy
catabolism ___________________________________________________________________________
is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.
anabolism ___________________________________________________________________________
Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.

metabolism __________________________________________________________________________
Meta- means change, bol means to cast, and -ism means a process.

Give the term that suits the meaning provided. Check your answers with Study Section 2,
page 40.
Pleural cavity
membrane surrounding the lungs ________________________________________________________
The peritoneum
membrane surrounding the abdominal viscera ______________________________________________
diaphragm
muscular wall separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities __________________________________
2 mediastinum
space between the lungs, containing the heart, windpipe, aorta ________________________________
spinal column
a backbone ___________________________________________________________________________
spinal cavity
a pad of cartilage between each backbone and the next _______________________________________

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