Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________

ID: A

Chapter 6 Study Guide

Multiple Choice Identify the best choice to complete the statement or answer the question.
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1. The electrons involved in the formation of a covalent bond are

a. valence electrons.
b. in filled orbitals.
2. The chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons is a(n)
a. covalent bond.
b. orbital bond.
3. If two covalently bonded atoms move farther than a distance of the bond length, the potential energy of the
atoms
a. remains constant.
b. increases.
4. A covalent bond forms when the attraction between two atoms is balanced by repulsion and the potential
energy is
a. at a maximum.
c. at a minimum.
b. zero.
d. equal to the kinetic energy.
5. Which of the following compounds most likely has the least bond energy?
a. Cl2; ClCl bond length = 199 pm
c. HF; HF bond length = 92 pm
b. HCl; HCl bond length = 127 pm
d. I2; II bond length = 266 pm
6. A nonpolar covalent bond is most likely to form between two elements that have a difference in
electronegativity values of
a. 0.1.
c. 3.0.
b. 1.5.
d. Both (a) and (b)
7. An ionic bond is most likely to form between two elements that have a difference in electronegativity values
of
a. 0.1.
c. 3.0.
b. 1.5.
d. Both (a) and (b)
8. A polar covalent bond is most likely to form between two elements that have a difference in electronegativity
values of
a. 0.1.
c. 3.0.
b. 1.5.
d. Both (a) and (b)
9. Which of the following molecular formulas show the polar nature of the HBr molecule?
c. H-Br+
a. H+Br+
+

b. H Br
d. H-Br
10. Which of the following substances most likely has the lowest boiling point?
c. MgCl2
a. Cl2
b. HF
d. Cu
11. The correct Lewis structure for the oxygen atom has
a. two pairs of valence electrons and one single valence electron.
b. two pairs of valence electrons and two single valence electrons.
12. The correct Lewis structure for the boron atom has
a. three single valence electrons.
b. one pair of valence electrons and one single valence electron.
13. The correct Lewis structure for a Group 18 atom has
a. two pairs of valence electrons and one single valence electron.
b. four pairs of valence electrons.

Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 14. The correct Lewis structure for a fluorine atom in a molecule of F 2 shows
a. three unshared pairs of electrons.
c. one shared pair of electrons.
b. an octet of valence electrons.
d. All of the above
____ 15. To draw the Lewis structure of the polyatomic ion, ClO 3 you would have to _____ those in the structures of
Cl, O, O, and O.
a. add one electron to
c. add a proton to
b. subtract one electron from
d. subtract a proton from
____ 16. In a double bond, two atoms share a total of _____ electrons.
a. two
c. four
b. three
d. six
____ 17. The correct Lewis structure for a molecule of the compound C 2H2 contains
a. three single bonds.
c. three double bonds.
b. two double bonds.
d. one triple bond.
____ 18. To indicate resonance, a _____ is placed between a molecules resonance structures.
a. single-headed arrow
c. long dash
b. series of three raised dots
d. double-headed arrow
____ 19. Which of the following number of atoms can form a tetrahedral molecule?
a. two
c. four
b. three
d. five
____ 20. According to VSEPR theory, which of the following shapes is possible for a molecule with the molecular
formula of AB2?
a. linear
c. trigonal pyramidal
b. bent
d. Both (a) and (b)
____ 21. According to VSEPR theory, which of the following shapes is possible for a molecule with the molecular
formula of AB3?
a. linear
c. trigonal pyramidal
b. trigonal planar
d. Both (b) and (c)
____ 22. According to VSEPR theory, a molecule with the molecular formula of A 2 is
a. linear in shape.
c. bent.
b. a dipole.
d. Both (a) and (b)
____ 23. According to VSEPR theory, the molecular shape of CO 2 is classified as
a. linear.
c. trigonal planar.
b. bent.
d. trigonal pyramidal.
____ 24. According to VSEPR theory, the molecular shape of H 2O is classified as
a. linear.
c. trigonal planar.
b. bent.
d. trigonal pyramidal.
____ 25. Iodine monochloride, ICl, has a higher boiling point than bromine, Br 2, partly because ICl is a(n)
a. nonpolar molecular substance.
c. metallic substance.
b. ionic substance.
d. polar molecular substance.
Completion
Complete each statement.
26. A bond formed by atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons is called a(n) ____________________
bond.
27. In a covalent bond, shared electrons move within a space called a(n) ____________________ orbital.
2

Name: ________________________

ID: A

28. A molecule is a neutrally charged group of atoms held together by one or more ____________________
bonds.
29. The energy to break one mole of similar bonds in a compound is called the ____________________ energy.
30. The bond length is the average distance between the ____________________ of two bonded atoms.
31. A molecule or part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions is called a(n)
____________________.
32. As the difference between electronegativity values of two elements joined by a bond
____________________, the degree of the polarity of the bond increases.
33. If the difference in electronegativity values between two elements is 0.1, they will most likely form a(n)
____________________ covalent bond.
34. If the difference in electronegativity values between two elements is 1.3, they will most likely form a(n)
____________________ covalent bond.
35. In the compound HCl, the atom of the element ____________________ carries a partial positive charge.
36. In the compound HF, the atom of the element ____________________ carries a partial negative charge.
37. Bonds that result in the attraction between the electrons in the outermost energy level of each metal atom in a
solid substance and all of the other atoms in the metal are classified as ____________________ bonds.
38. A nonbonding pair of electrons in the valence shell of an atom is called a(n) ____________________ pair.
39. A covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons is called a ____________________ bond.
40. In a Lewis structure of a molecule, a(n) ____________________ bond is correctly represented by a long
dash.
41. A covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons is called a(n) ____________________ bond.
42. A covalent bond in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons is called a(n) ____________________
bond.
43. In a Lewis structure of a molecule, a pair of long, parallel dashes correctly represents a(n)
____________________ bond.
44. In chemistry, any one of two or more possible configurations of the same compound that have identical
geometry but different arrangements of electrons is called a(n) ____________________ structure.
45. A theory that predicts some molecular shapes by using the idea that pairs of valence electrons surrounding an
atom repel each other is called the ____________________.
46. VSEPR theory is short for valence-shell electron pair ____________________ theory.
47. VSEPR theory predicts that the molecular shape of CBr 4 is classified as ____________________.
48. VSEPR theory predicts that the molecular shape of NH 3 is classified as ____________________ pyramidal.
49. Because of the unique electron configuration of boron, VSEPR theory predicts that the molecular shape of
BF3 is classified as ____________________ planar.
50. Because the boiling point of H 2O is much higher than that of C2H2, you can conclude that
____________________ is composed of a more polar molecule.

Name: ________________________

ID: A

Short Answer
51. Rank the following substances in the most likely order of increasing bond energies.
Cl2: ClCl bond length = 199 pm
HI: HI bond length = 161 pm
HCl: HCl bond length = 127 pm
I2: II bond length = 266 pm
Table 1 Prefixes for Naming Molecular Compounds
Prefix

Number of Atoms

Prefix

Number of Atoms

mono-

hexa-

di-

hepta-

tri-

octa-

tetra-

nona-

penta-

deca-

10

52. Use Table 1 and the periodic table to name the compound HoI 3.
53. Use Table 1 and the periodic table to name the compound Sb 2S3.
54. Use Table 1 and the periodic table to name the compound P 2Se5.
55. Use Table 1 and the periodic table to name the compound PdO.
56. Use Table 1 and the periodic table to write the formula of samarium trichloride.
57. Use Table 1 and the periodic table to write the formula of molybdenum hexafluoride.
58. Use Table 1 and the periodic table to write the formula of dinitrogen pentoxide.
59. Use Table 1 and the periodic table to write the formula of dipotassium pentasulfide.
Problem
60. Draw a Lewis structure for the oxalate ion C 2 O 24 .
61. Draw a Lewis structure for the ammonium ion NH4+.
Essay
62. Why do most atoms form chemical bonds?
63. Explain how it is possible for a binary compound between fluorine and iodine to form, and describe the kind
of bond formed in such a reaction.
64. List the five basic steps used in drawing Lewis structures.

Name: ________________________

ID: A

65. How many different kinds of covalent bonds can a nitrogen atom form? Explain.
66. Explain why scientists use resonance structures to represent some molecules.

ID: A

Chapter 6 Study Guide

Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:

A
A
B
C
D
A
C
B
B
A
B
A
B
D
A
C
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
B
D

PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:

I
I
I
I
II
I
II
II
II
I
I
I
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
II
II
II
I
I
I

COMPLETION
26. ANS: covalent
PTS: 1
27. ANS: molecular

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.1

PTS: 1
28. ANS: covalent

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.1

PTS: 1
29. ANS: bond

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.1

PTS: 1

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.2

OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:

6.1.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.2
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.3
6.1.3
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.2.1
6.2.1
6.2.1
6.2.1
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.3.1
6.3.1
6.3.1
6.3.1
6.3.1
6.3.1
6.3.1

ID: A
30. ANS: nuclei
PTS: 1
31. ANS: dipole

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.2

PTS: 1
32. ANS: increases

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.3

PTS: 1
33. ANS: nonpolar

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.3

PTS: 1
34. ANS: polar

DIF: II

OBJ: 6.1.3

PTS: 1
35. ANS: hydrogen

DIF: II

OBJ: 6.1.3

PTS: 1
36. ANS: fluorine

DIF: II

OBJ: 6.1.3

PTS: 1
37. ANS: metallic

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.3

PTS: 1
38. ANS:
unshared
lone

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.3

PTS: 1
39. ANS: single

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.1

PTS: 1
40. ANS: single

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.1

PTS: 1
41. ANS: double

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.1

PTS: 1
42. ANS: triple

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.2

PTS: 1
43. ANS: double

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.2

PTS: 1
44. ANS: resonance

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.2

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.3

PTS: 1

ID: A
45. ANS: VSEPR
PTS: 1
46. ANS: repulsion

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.3.1

PTS: 1
47. ANS: tetrahedral

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.3.1

PTS: 1
48. ANS: trigonal

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.3.1

PTS: 1
49. ANS: trigonal

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.3.1

PTS: 1
50. ANS: H2O

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.3.1

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.3.2

PTS: 1
SHORT ANSWER

51. ANS:
(in increasing bond energies) I2, Cl2, HI, and HCl
PTS: 1
52. ANS:
holmium triiodide

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.2

PTS: 1
DIF: I
53. ANS:
diantimony trisulfide

OBJ: 6.2.4

PTS: 1
DIF: I
54. ANS:
diphosphorous pentaselenide

OBJ: 6.2.4

PTS: 1
DIF: I
55. ANS:
palladium monoxide

OBJ: 6.2.4

PTS: 1
56. ANS:
SmCl3

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.4

PTS: 1

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.4

ID: A
57. ANS:
MoF6
PTS: 1
58. ANS:
N2O5

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.4

PTS: 1
59. ANS:
K2S5

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.4

PTS: 1

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.2.4

PROBLEM
60. ANS:
2 C atoms with 4 electrons 2 4 = 8
4 O atoms with 6 electrons 4 6 = 24
8 + 24 = 32 valence electrons
2 charge 2 extra electrons
32 + 2 = 34 electrons total

PTS: 1
61. ANS:

DIF: II

OBJ: 6.2.1

PTS: 1

DIF: II

OBJ: 6.2.1

ESSAY
62. ANS:
Atoms form chemical bonds to establish a more stable electron arrangement. As independent particles, they
have large potential energies. By bonding, they decrease their potential energy, thus becoming more stable.
PTS: 1

DIF: I

OBJ: 6.1.2

ID: A
63. ANS:
Fluorine and iodine can form a binary compound because fluorine has such a strong attraction for electrons
that it can attract one of iodines electrons to form a covalent bond. The bond formed in such a case is polar
covalent because the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is 1.3.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 6.1.3
64. ANS:
1. Draw a Lewis structure for each atom in the compound.
2. Determine the total number of valence electrons in the compound.
3. Arrange the Lewis structure to show how the atoms bond in the molecule.
4. Distribute the electron dots so that each atom, except for hydrogen and boron, satisfies the octet rule.
5. Change each pair of dots that that represents a shared pair of electrons to a long dash.
6. Count the number of electrons surrounding each atom.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 6.2.1
65. ANS:
A nitrogen atom has five valence electrons. To have a complete octet of electrons, the nitrogen atom forms
three covalent bonds. It could form three single bonds, one single and one double bond, or one triple bond.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 6.2.2
66. ANS:
Resonance structures picture the bonding in molecules that cannot be correctly pictured with a single Lewis
structure.
PTS: 1

DIF: II

OBJ: 6.2.3

Chapter 6 Study Guide [Answer Strip]

D 14.
_____

A 15.
_____
A
_____
1.
A
_____
2.
C 16.
_____
B
_____
3.
D 17.
_____
C
_____
4.
D 18.
_____
D
_____
5.
D 19.
_____
A
_____
6.
D 20.
_____

C
_____
7.
D 21.
_____

B
_____
8.
A 22.
_____

B
_____
9.

A 23.
_____

A 10.
_____

B 24.
_____

B 11.
_____

D 25.
_____

A 12.
_____

B 13.
_____

ID: A