Name ______________________________________________ Date _____________________ Class _____________________

The Periodic Table and Periodic Law

Reviewing Vocabulary
Match the definition in Column A with the term in Column B.
Column A Column B
__________ 1. Statement that when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic
number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical
properties
__________ 2. Groups 1 and 2, 13 through 18
__________ 3. Groups 3 through 12
__________ 4. Group 1 elements (except for hydrogen)
__________ 5. Group 2 elements
__________ 6. A column in the periodic table
__________ 7. A row in the periodic table
__________ 8. Group 17 elements
__________ 9. Group 18 elements
__________ 10. Atom or bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negativeelements
representative
charge
__________ 11. Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom
__________ 12. Statement that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to acquire
a full set of eight valence electrons
__________ 13. Indication of an atom’s ability to attract electrons in a chemical
bond

Write a sentence that uses each group of terms.

14. transition metals, inner transition metals
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15. metal, nonmetal, metalloid
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Chemistry: Matter and Change 48 Chapter Assessment

Name ______________________________________________ Date _____________________ Class _____________________

Understanding Main Ideas (Part A)

Briefly describe the contribution of each of the following to the development of the periodic table.
1. John Newlands:
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2. Henry Moseley:
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3. Dmitri Mendeleev:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Match each of the following terms with a number or chemical symbol from the periodic table below.

________ 4. alkali metals

_______ 10. a metalloid elements
________ 5. alkaline earth metals
_______ 11. noble gases
________ 6. a d-block element
_______ 12. a p-block elements that is not a metalloid
________ 7. an f-block element
_______ 13. an s-block element
________ 8. halogens
_______ 14. transition metals
________ 9. inner transition metals

Chemistry: Matter and Change 49 Chapter Assessment

Understanding Main Ideas (Part B)
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the
periodic table in your textbook.
1. Elements in the same group have the same
a. atomic radius. c. nuclear charge.
b. energy level of outer electrons. d. number of valence electrons.
2. Most of the elements in groups 16 through 18 are classified as
a. alkali metals. c. nonmetals.
b. inner transition metals. d. alkaline earth metals.
3. Which energy level of the period 4 transition elements is being filled with electrons?
a. third b. fourth c. fifth d. sixth
4. Identify the period and group of the element that has the electron configuration [Ne]3s 23p3.
a. period 2, group 2 b. period 3, group 1 c. period 3, group 13 d. period 3, group 15
5. Which of the following classifications describes the element with the electron configuration
[Ar]4s23d104p5?
a. stable metal b. stable nonmetal c. unstable nonmetal d. unstable metal
6. What is the electron configuration of the element in group 14 and period 4 of the periodic table?
a. [Ne]3s23p4 b. [Ar]4s2 c. [Ar]4s23d104p2 d. [Kr]5s24d2
7. What is the trend in atomic radii as you move from left-to-right across a period?
a. generally decreases b. generally increases c. remains the same d. varies randomly
8. The trend in the atomic radii as you move down the group 1 elements is partially due to
a. decreased distance of outer electrons.
b. increased nuclear charge.
c. increased number of electrons in outer energy level.
d. shielding by inner electrons.
9. In which of the following pair is the second particle listed larger than the first?
a. K, Ga b. Pb, C c. Br, Br d. Li, Li
10. How many electrons does an atom generally need in its outer level to be the most stable?
a. 4 b. 8 c. 10 d. 12
11. Which of the following electron configurations represents the most chemically stable atom?
a. [He]2s22p3 b. [Ne]3s23p5 c. [Ne]3s23p64s23d5 d. [Ne]3s23p6
Thinking Critically
The graph below shows the atomic radii of the elements in the first four periods of the periodic
table, as well as the major ionic radii of the representative elements. The charge of each ion is
indicated above the plotted point representing its radius. Use the graph and the periodic table in
your textbook to answer the following questions.

1. Describe the relationship between atomic radii and atomic number for the representative elements in the
first four periods.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How can you account for the trend you described in your answer to question 1?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Describe the relationship between the atomic radii and the atomic numbers of the transition elements
in period 4.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. Explain why the two elements in the first period do not have ionic radii listed.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. Predict whether the arsenic ion shown in the graph has a positive or negative charge. (Arsenic has an
atomic number of 33.) Explain your prediction.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Applying Scientific Methods
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, chemists were searching for numerical relationships among the
elements. From these relationships, they hoped that some fundamental chemical principle might be revealed.
One such chemist was the German, Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner. In 1817, Döbereiner noted that if the three
alkaline earth metals Ca, Sr, and Ba were arranged in increasing atomic mass, the atomic mass of the middle
element was close to the average of the other two atomic masses, as shown below.

In 1829, Döbereiner discovered that the halogens—Cl, Br, and I—also followed a similar pattern, as shown
below. He named these three-member groups of elements with similar chemical and physical properties
triads.

1. Six of the eight elements in the table below make up two of Döbereiner’s triads. Plot the atomic
mass of each element on the number line below the table. From the sequence of the atomic masses
and your knowledge of elements with similar chemical and physical properties, identify the three
elements in each of the two triads. Explain your choices.
 Element Mass (amu) ______________________________________________________
Lithium (Li) 7
______________________________________________________
Carbon (C) 12
Sodium (Na) 23 ______________________________________________________

Sulfur (S) 32 ______________________________________________________

Potassium (K) 39
______________________________________________________
Selenium (Se) 79
______________________________________________________
Tellurium (Te) 128
Gold (Au) 197 ______________________________________________________
Name______________________________________________ Date______________________ Class_____________________

Applying Scientific Methods, continued

2. Recall that atomic mass is a quantitative physical property of an element. So are density, melting
point, and boiling point. Use the table below to sequence the values of the densities, melting points,
and boiling points of the following triads—Ca, Sr, and Ba; and Cl, Br, and I. Then determine
whether each property shows a trend similar to that of the atomic masses of the elements in the
triads. Explain your reasoning.

Element Density (g/mL) Melting Point (C) Boiling Point (C)

Barium (Ba) 3.62 726.9 1845

Bromine (Br) 3.11 7.25 59.35

Calcium (Ca) 1.55 841.5 1500.5

Chlorine (Cl) 0.003 214 101 34

Iodine (I) 4.93 113.6 184.5

Strontium (Sr) 2.6 776.9 1412

______________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. If silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and tin (Sn) are classified as a triad similar to those of Döbereiner,
predict values that will complete the following table. Record the values in the table.

Element Atomic Mass (amu) Density (g/mL) Melting Point (C)

Silicon (Si) 28 1411
Germanium (Ge) 5.3 945
Tin (Sn) 119 7.3

Chemistry: Matter and Change 53 Chapter Assessment