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Nada N. Savkovi

CREATION OF NATIONAL DRAMATIC LITERATURE

AND THEATRE IN NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
Summary
The process of creating national dramatic literature and national theatre
in the countries that once belonged to the Habsburg Empire happened in the late
18th and 19th century. Those countries were: Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, as well as the countries which were under the Ottoman Empire Greece,
Bulgaria, and Romanian regions Walachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, which
was the part of the Habsburg Empire since the beginning of the 18th century.
Therefore, Silvio D'Amico, the historian of theatre, believed that in all European
countries the 18th century was the century of theatre. However, the exact meaning of the term does not refer to Balkan countries, as well as the above mentioned countries in the Habsburg Empire. Anyway, in other countries there were
enthusiasts like Emanuil Kozainski and Emanuil Jankovi in Serbia, who wanted to contribute to the development of culture, especially theatrical arts. In the
preceding period the theatrical life existed in the form of school theatres, street
shows, and the scene performances of religious texts based on medieval mysteries and miracles, and, later, translations. The creation of national dramatic literature and theatre was associated with the national awakening and liberation, as
well as nationwide revival. Theatre was also a sort of educational institution,
and it was a source of spiritual, linguistic and cultural unity of the occupied people. The class differences had an impact on the differences in theatrical arts.
Theatre at the courts was modelled according to the French royal theatre. But,
the most relevant turning point occurred in the cities, where citizens tried to create national, public theatre in the language understood by uneducated people.

300