Carolyn Ren

1/2

May 28, 2008

ME 203 Assignment 3
1. Nagal, page 54, Q1-6
Determine the following equations linear, nonlinear, separable or neither.
dx
2 dy
xt e x
cos x y
Q1. x
Q2.
dt
dx
dx 2
dy
t x sin t
y ln t
Q4. 3t e t
Q3. x
dt
dt
dy
dr
2
3
yt y
Q5. (t 1)
Q6. 3r
dt
d
2. Nagal, page 54, Q7, 9, 13, 16
Please solve the ODEs.
Q7.

dy
dx

Q13. y

e3x

y
dx
dy

Q9.
5 y3

2x

dr
d

r tan

2
Q16. ( x

1)

dy
dx

sec

x2

2 x 1 4 xy

3. Nagal, page 54, Q18, 21, 22.

Solve the following initial value problems
dy
4
4y e x 0
y (0)
Q18.
dx
3

dy
dx
dy
Q22. sin x
dx

Q21. cos x

y sin x

2 x cos x

y cos x

x sin x

y( )
4

y( )
2

15 2
32

4. Nagal, page 79, Q 22, 24, 25, 28

Use the method discussed under Burnoulli Equation to solve the following
problems.

dy
dx
dy
Q24.
dx

Q22.

e2x y3

y
x 2

5( x 2) y

1
2

Carolyn Ren

Q25.

2/2

dx
dt

x
t

tx 3

May 28, 2008

Solutions:

Nagal Page 54:

1. Linear only.
7.

16.

1 3x
e
2

2. Neither. 3. Neither. 4. Linear only.

ce x

9.

1
x

1
e
3

1
x

1 5
x
5

18.

22.

y 1 x cot x

1 4
x
2

4x

sin

x2

21.

5. Both.

c cos

13.

6. Linear

y3

cy

x c

x 2 cos x

cos x

1
sin x

Nagal Page 79:

22.

25.

1
0.5e 2 x

ce

1
t 2 ln t 2

ct 2

2x

24.

28.

x 2

c x 2 12
1

x 0.5 ce2 x

Assignment

#3

Nagal. Page 54
x2

Q1.

dy
dx

cos x

Rewrite in standard form

dy
dx

1
y
x2

1
cos x
x2

Linear only

Because it can be written in the general form

a n ( x)

dy n
dx n

a n 1 ( x)

dy n
dx n

1
1

a0 ( x) y

g ( x)

And a n (x ) , a n 1 ( x ) , , a 0 ( x ) are either constant of a function of x.

Q2.

dx
dt

xt

ex

Neither linear nor separable due to e x .

Q3.

dx
dt

Rewrite:

t2x
dx
dt

Neither due to

Q4.

3t

et

Rewrite:

sin t
sin t

1
x

t2

1
.
x

dy
dt

y ln t

dy
dt

e t ln ty

3e t t

Linear only

Q5.

(t 2 1)
dy
dt

Rewrite:

Q6.

yt

dy
dx

1 t
y
t2 1

dr
d

3r

0 , both linear and separable!

dr
d

Rewrite:

Q7.

dy
dt

3r

, linear only

e3x

Linear!

To solve, apply formula,

p( x)

p ( x ) dx

q( x)

1
1dx

e
p ( x ) dx

ex[ e

[ e

1
e x [ e2 x
2

Q9.

dr
d

r tan

p( )

tan

p( )d

e3x

p ( x ) dx

q ( x) dx C ]

e 3 x dx C ]
C]

1 3x
e
2

sec

Linear

q( )

Ce x

tan d

sec

sec

p( )d

p( )d

[ e

1
[ sec
sec

sec d

cos [tan

C]

dx
dy

2x

5y3

Rewrite:

dx
dy

2
x
y

Q13.

e
x

2
dy
y

p ( y ) dy

p ( y ) dy

[ e

y 2[ y5

( x 2 1)

e
y

5y2

4x

p ( x ) dx

y2

C]

x2

2x 1
x 1
2

q( x) 1 2

2 x 1 4 xy

4x
x

e ln y

q ( y ) dy

y 3 Cy

4x

p ( x ) dx

Linear!

C]

x2

dy
dx

Rewrite:

p( x)

C]

dy
dx

C cos

e 2 ln y

y 2 [ y 2 5 y 2 dy

Q16.

sin

q( y)

p ( y ) dy

C]

C]

5y 2

2
y

p( y)

q ( )d

x2 1

dx

[ e

e ln( x
p ( x ) dx

1) 2

q ( x ) dx

x 1
x2 1

( x 2 1) 2
C]

1
(x

(x

(x

1)

[ (x2
2

1
1)
1

Q18.

dy
dx

dy
dx

4y

4 dx

p ( x ) dx

4x

p ( x ) dx

[ e

Linear

q ( x ) dx

C]

[ e 4 x e x dx C ]
1
[ e3x
3

1 0
e
3

Ce 0

Final solution: y

4
3

e4x

C]

1
e
3

Apply initial condition:

4
3

x C]

y (0)

q( x)

p ( x ) dx

4x

x2

2 x 1)dx C ]

1 4
x
2

2x 1
dx C ]
x 1
2

2x3

1
[ x5
1) 5

4y e

p( x)

[ (x4

Rewrite:

x2

1) 2

4x

4
3

y ( 0)

1
C
3

1
e
3

Ce

4x

dy
dx

cos x

Q21.

dy
dx

Rewrite:

p( x)

e
y

tan xdx

e
p ( x ) dx

2 x cos x

y tan x

tan x

p ( x ) dx

y sin x

[ e

y( )
4

15 2
32

2 x cos x

q( x)

2 x cos x

e ln sec x

sec x

p ( x ) dx

q ( x ) dx

C]

cos x[ sec x 2 x cos xdx C ]

cos x[ x 2

x 2 cos x C cos x

C]

Apply initial condition:

2

15 2
32
2
2

2
2

Final solution: y

sin x

Q22.

p( x)

x 2 cos x

y cos x

dy
dx

y cot x

cot x

p ( x ) dx

C cos

dy
dx

Rewrite:

( ) 2 cos
4
4

16

2
2

2
2

cos x

e ln sin x

x sin x

q( x)
cot xdx

15 2
32

y( )
4

sin x

y( )
2

p ( x ) dx

p ( x ) dx

[ e

q ( x ) dx

C]

1
[ sin x xdx C ]
sin x
1
[sin x
sin x

x cos x C ]

Apply initial condition:

1
cot( ) C
2
2
sin( )
2

1 x cot x C

y( )
2

1 C

1
sin x

1 x cot x

Final solution: y

Page 79
Q22.

dy
dx

e2x y3

dy
dx

Standard form:
Compare: f ( x )

Bernoulli Equation

g ( x) y n

f ( x) y

e2x

q( x)

To solve

y3

n
Step1: divide ODE by y

y
Step2:

dy
dx

introduce v

dv
dx

2y

e2x

y1
dy
dx

(1)

y
or

dy
dx

1 dv
2 dx

1
sin x

Substitute the above formula into (1)

1 dv
2 dx

e2x

Standard form:

dv
dx

2v

2e 2 x

Linear

p ( x)

q( x)

2e 2 x

Step3: solve
p ( x ) dx

e
v

p ( x ) dx

e
e
e

2x

2x

Q24.

f ( x)

y
1

x 2

dv
dx

(1 n)

dv
dx

1
v
2( x 2)

1 n

1
x 2

1
2

1 2x
e
2

C]
1
2

C]

Ce

2x

1
1 2x
e
2

1
2

5( x 2)

Ce

2x

Bernoulli Equation

ODE becomes

(1 n)5( x 2)

5
( x 2)
2

q ( x ) dx

2e 2 x dx C ]

1 4x
e
2

q( x)
y

p ( x ) dx

5( x 2) y

x 2

Introduce v

e2x

[ e

[ e2x

Step4: replace back to y

dy
dx

2 dx

1
2

1
2( x 2 )

p( x)

p ( x ) dx

1
dx
2( x 2)

e
p ( x ) dx

5
( x 2)
2

q( x)

p ( x ) dx

[ e

ln( x 2 ) 2

q ( x ) dx

(x

2) 2 [ ( x

2) 2

( x 2)

C]

5
( x 2)dx C ]
2

( x 2) 2 [( x 2) 2

C]

2) 2

(x

Replace back to y
1

v2

Q25.

[( x 2) 2

dx
dt

Rewrite:

dx 1
x
dt t

Introduce v

x1

dv
dt

1
(1 n) v
t

dv
dt

2
)v
t

2
t

0
tx 3

1
t

f (t )

p (t )

C ( x 2) 2 ] 2

x
t

tx 3

g (t )
x

(1 n)( t )

2t

q (t )

1
2

2t

ODE becomes

C(x

2)

1
2

e
v

p ( t ) dt

e
p ( t ) dt

t 2[ t

t 2 [ln t 2

2
dt
t

[ e

p ( t ) dt

C]

C]

t 2 ln t 2

1
2

q (t ) dt

2tdt

Replace back to x
x

t ln t 2

Ct 2

Ct 2

C]