Assignment

1. Page 167
a) Q1 : y
A.E.:

5 y' 6 y

r 2 5r 6 0

(r 2)(r 3) 0

r1

2, r2

Two real distinct roots

y1

e r1x

2x

e r2 x

y2

3x

General solution:

yg

c1 y1 c 2 y 2

c1e

2x

c2 e

3x

b) Q5 : z ' ' z ' z 0

A.E.:

r2

r 1 0

b2

4ac 1 4 5 0

r1

1
5
2 1

y1

e r1 x

(not easy to do traction)

5 1
,
2

5 1
2

r2

5 1
x
2

y2

two real distinct roots

e r2 x y1

5 1
x
2

General solution:
yg

c1 y1 c2 y2

c1e

5 1
x
2

5 1
x
2

c2 e

c) Q11 : 4w' ' 20w' ' 25w 0

A.E.:

4r 2

20r 25 0

(2r 5) 2

Two real equal roots

y1

rx

5
x
2

y2

xe

5
x
2

5
2

General solution: y g

c1 y1 c2 y 2

c1e

5
x
2

c2 xe

5
x
2

2. Page 167
a) Q13 : y
A.E.:

r2

2 y' 8 y

y (0) 3

2r 8 (r 4)(r 2)

General solution: y g
Find c1 , c2 :

c1e

4x

A.E.:

r2

y 3e

4 y' 5 y

4c1

3 , c2

--- (1)

2c 2

12

y ( 1) 3

r1

c2 e

c1e

5c1e 5 x

c2 e

5c1e

(1)& (2) :

2e 5 e 5 x

c1

y ' ( 1) 9

c1e 5 x

y ( 1)

2c 2 e 2 x

12

c1

y ' ( 1)

Final solution:

4, r2

4x

General solution: y g

y'g

4x

4c1e

4r 5 (r 5)(r 1)

Find c1 ,c2 :

r1

3 c1 c2

y ' (0)

Final solution:

12

c2 e 2 x

y'g

b) Q19 : y

Apply y (0) 3

(1) & (2):

y ' (0)

c 2 e1

c2 e1

2e 5(1

--- (1)

2e 5 , c 2

e 1e

5, r2

--- (2)

e
x)

( x 1)

--- (2)

3. Page 177
a) Q5: w' ' 4w' 6w 0
A.E.:

Find

r2

4r 6 0

b2

4ac 16 4 6

&

b
2a

(not easy to do traction)

8 0
4
2

2,

4ac b 2
2a

8
2

Two complex roots

General solution:

yg

e x (c1 cos x c 2 sin x )

2x

(c1 cos 2 x c 2 sin 2 x )

b) Q13: y' ' 2 y ' 5 y 0

A.E.:

r2

2r 5 0

b2

4ac

4 20
b
2a

Find & :

16 0

Two complex roots

4ac b 2
2a

1,

General solution:

yg

e x (c1 cos x c 2 sin x )

e x (c1 cos 2 x c 2 sin 2 x )

4. Page 177
a) Q21: y' ' 2 y ' 2 y 0
A.E.:

r2

2r 2 0

b2

4ac

4 8

y (0) 2 , y ' (0) 1

4 0

Two real distinct roots

b
2a

Find & :

1,

Apply y (0)

4r 2 0

b2

4ac 16 4 2 8 0
b2

4ac

c1e ( 2

Apply w(0)

c1 c 2

c2 3

Two complex roots

8
2

2)x

c2 e ( 2

c1

c2

2 )c1e ( 2

w' (0) 1

1 (2

2 (2
e
4

c1
2)x

2
4

r2

2,

2)x

w' ( 2

(1) & (2)

Final solution:

4
2

2a

General solution: w g
Find c1 , c2 :

w(0) 0 , w' (0) 1

r2

r1

c1

e x ( 2 cos x 3 sin x )

b) Q23: w' ' 4w' 2w 0

b
2a

e x (c1 cos x c2 sin x ) e x ( c1 sin x c2 cos x )

y ' (0) 1

A.E.:

y'

Final solution:

4
2

e x (c1 cos x c2 sin x )

General solution: y g
Find c1 , c2 :

4ac b 2
2a

c2

2 (2
e
4

0
2)x

--- (1)

2 )c 2 e ( 2

(2

2 )c1
2
4
2)x

(2

2)x

2 )c 2 1

--- (2)

5. Nagal Page 186

a) Q2: 5 y' ' 3 y ' 2 y t 3 cos 4t
Yes.

b) Q3: x' ' 5 x' 3x 3t

Yes.

3t

e t ln 3

c) Q7: ty ' ' y' 2 y sin 3t

No. Not a constant coefficient ODE.

6. Nagal Page 186

a) Q9: y' ' 3 y
Find Y c:

9
A.E.:

r
yc
Find Yp:

r2

3 0

3i

0
3

c1 cos 3 c2 sin 3

F ( x)

Assume:

yp

Sub into ODE: 0 3 A

yp' 0

yp

General solution: y g

yc

yp

y p '' 0

c1 cos 3 x c 2 sin 3 x 3

b) Q11: 2 z ' ' z 9e 2t

Find Zc:

A.E.:

zc

Find Zp:

2r 2 1 0

2
i
2

0
2
2

2
2
t c2 sin
t
2
2

c1 cos

9e 2 t

F ( x)

zp

Ae 2t

Sub into ODE: 2 4 Ae 2t

Ae 2 t

Assume:

9 Ae 2t
zp

General solution: z g

z p ' 2 Ae 2 t

z p ' ' 4 Ae 2 t

9e 2 t

9e 2 t

9A

A 1

e 2t

c1 cos

2
2
t c2 sin
t e 2t
2
2

c) Q13: y' ' y' 9 y 3 sin 3t

Find Yc:

A.E.:

r2

1
2
yc

Find Yp:

1
t
2

e (c1 cos

F ( x)

b2

r 9 0

4ac 0

35
2
35
35
t c2 sin
t)
2
2

3 sin 3t

Assume:

yp

a sin 3t

b cos 3t

y p ' 3a cos 3t 3b sin 3t

yp ''

9a sin 3t 9b cos 3t

Sub into ODE:

( 9a sin 3t 9b cos 3t ) (3a cos 3t 3b sin 3t ) 9(a sin 3t

3a cos 3t

3a 0
3b 3

General solution: y g

yc

d2y
dy
5 6y
d) Q15:
2
dx
dx

Find Yp:

3 sin 3t

a 0
{
b 1

yp

1
t
2

c1e 2 x

35
t
2

e (c1 cos

c 2 sin

35
t ) cos 3t
2

xe x

r 2 5r 6 (r 2)(r 3)
yc

r1

2 , r2

c2 e 3 x

xe x

F ( x)

Assume:

yp

( ax b)e x

y p ' ae x

( ax b)e x

y p ' ' ae x

( ax

a b )e x

( ax

5( ax

a b )e x

6( ax b)e x

2 a b )e x

Sub into ODE: ( ax

2b)e x

xe x

2a 1
{
3a 2b 0

a
{
b

( 2ax 3a

yp
General solution: y g

3 sin 3t

cos 3t

yp

Find Yc :

3b sin 3t

b cos 3t )

1
( x
2

yc

( ax

a b )e x
2 a b )e x

1
2
3
4

3 x
)e
4

yp

c1e 2 x

c2 e 3x

1
( x
2

3 x
)e
4

xe x

e) Q21: x' ' (t ) 4 x' (t ) 4 x(t ) te 2t

Find Xc:

A.E.:

r2

x1

e 2t

x2

c1e 2t

c2 te 2t

xc
Find Xp:

4r 4 0

r1

r2

te2t

te 2t

F (t )

Assume:

xp

Revise Xp:

b )e 2 t

( at
xp

---- duplicate of Xc

b )e 2 t

( at

at 2 e 2 t

bte 2 t

Duplicate of x 2
bt 2 )e 2t

( at 3

Revise again: x p

2bt )e 2t

x p ' (3at 2

[ 2at 3

(3a

2b)t 2

y p ' ' [6at 2

(6 a

4b)t

[ 4at 3

(12 a

4b)t 2

Sub into ODE: [ 4at 3

(12 a

4b)t 2

4[ 2at 3

(3a

4[ at 3

bt 2 ]e 2t

(6at

2b)e 2t
6a

{
2b

1
0

(6a 8b)t

2b)t 2

2bt ]e 2 t

te 2t

a
{
b

1
6
0

1 3 2t
t e
6

yp
General solution:

( 2at 3

yg

c1e 2t

c 2 e 2t

1 3 2t
t e
6

2bt 2 )e 2 t

2bt ]e 2t
2b]e 2t

[ 4at 3

(6a 8b)t
2b]e 2 t

(6 a

2b]e 2t

4b)t 2

4bt ]e 2t

23: y' ' (0) 7 y' (0)

Find Yc:

r2

7r
e r1

y1
yc
Find Yp:

r1

0, r2

y2

e7

0
1,

c1 1 c2 e 7

c2 e 7

c1

F ( x)
Assume:

yp

Duplicate y1
Modify Yp: y p

y p ' 3a

1
21
yg

c1

1
49

c2 e 7

2b 7c

c)

1
21
1
49
2
343

{6a 14b 0
2b 7c 0

General solution:

2b

(6a 14b)

21a

yp

2b

2b 7(3a
21a

2b

y p ' ' 6a
Sub into ODE: 6a

{b
c
2

1
21

2
343
3

1
49

2
343