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Vertical Integration

1. Mantra for the last thirty years: Outsource! =>


Vertical disintegration
2. Why Vertically Integrate despite?
1. More Control
2. More Adaptability
3. More Market Information and Learning
3. The pendulum has swung back recently
4. Vertical Integration in the past and now
1.
2.

Past: Total integration


Now: Partial integration; Virtual Integration;
Plural Form Governance

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