State the factors that the Master must take into account when choosing an optimum

route for an Ocean Passage. (Q.3a / June,'89)

Following are the factors that the Master must take into account when choosing an
optimum route for an Ocean Passage : Type of vessel, draft and underkeel clearance at various stages of the voyage.
Time of the year and expected weather / sea conditions.
Available depths and width of water.
Possibility of encountering gale force winds causing subsequent delays or damage to the
vessel.
Likelihood of encountering ice and fog causing delay or deviations from the planned
route.
Predominant currents / tidal streams being either adverse or favourable to the ship's
course.
Economical route (fuel & time saving).
Good weather route (for passenger vessels).
Recommendations from Ocean Passages of the World.
Recommendations from Meteorological Office.
State of loading and nature / type of cargo.
Need of any tasks to be carried out during voyage.
Overall navigational aids on board.
Distances off from Islands and other navigational hazard, incase of engine failure.
War zones, fishing traffic, oil and gas offshore developments and abnormal waves.
Overall distance comparison
Company's or charteres preference.