7/28/2015

CompetitiveExams:NationalMovementofIndia19051920Examrace

SSCCGL:NationalMovementofIndia19051920
NationalMovementofIndia:1905to1920
TheIndianNationalCongress
Formedin1885byA.O.Hume,anEnglishmanandaretiredcivilservant.
FirstsessioninBombayunderW.C.Banerjeein1885(72delegatesattendedit).
Inthefirsttwodecades(18851905),quitemoderateinitsapproachandconfidedinBritish
justiceandgenerosity.
ButtherepressivemeasuresoftheBritishgaverisetoextremistswithinCongresslikeBipin
ChandraPal,BalGangadharTilakandLalaLajpatRai(Lal,Bal,Pal).

PartitionofBengal
ByLordCurzononOct16,1905,througharoyalProclamation,reducingtheoldprovinceof
BengalinsizebycreatingEastBengalandAssamoutofrestofBengal.
TheobjectivewastosetupacommunalgulfbetweenHindusandMuslims.
Amightyupsurgesweptthecountryagainstthepartition.Nationalmovementfoundreal
expressioninthemovementagainstthepartitionofBengalin1905.

SwadeshiMovement(1905)
Lal,Bal,Pal,andAurobindoGhoshplayedtheimportantrole.
INCtooktheSwadeshicallfirstattheBanarasSession,1905presidedoverbyG.K.
Gokhale.
Bonfiresofforeigngoodswereconductedatvariousplaces.

FormationofMuslimLeague(1906)
Setupin1906undertheleadershipofAgaKhan,NawabSalimullahofDhakaandNawab
MohsinulMulk.
Itwasaloyalist,communalandconservativepoliticalorganizationwhichsupportedthe
partitionofBengal,opposedtheSwadeshimovement,demandedspecialsafeguardstoits
communityandaseparateelectorateforMuslims.

DemandforSwaraj
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CompetitiveExams:NationalMovementofIndia19051920Examrace

InDec1906atCalcutta,theINCunderDadabhaiNaorojiadoptedSwaraj(Selfgovt)as
thegoalofIndianpeople.SuratSessionofIndianNationalCongress(1907):
TheINCsplitintotwogroupsTheextremistsandThemoderates,attheSuratsessionin
1907.ExtremistswereledbyBal,Pal,LalwhilethemoderatesbyG.K.Gokhale.

IndianCouncilsActorMintoMorleyReforms(1909)
Besidesotherconstitutionalmeasures,itenvisagedaseparateelectorateforMuslims.
AimedatdividingthenationalistranksandatrallyingtheModeratesandtheMuslimsto
theGovernment'sside.

GhadarParty(1913)
FormedbyLalaHardayal,TaraknathDasandSohanSinghBhakna.
HQwasatSanFrancisco.

HomeRuleMovement(1916)
StartedbyB.G.Tilak(April,1916)atPoonaandAnnieBesantandS.SubramaniaIyerat
Adyar,nearMadras(Sept,1916).
Objective:SelfgovernmentforIndiaintheBritishEmpire.
TilaklinkedupthequestionofSwarajwiththedemandfortheformationofLinguistic
Statesandeducationinvernacularlanguage.Hegavetheslogan:Swarajismybirthright
andIwillhaveit.

LucknowPact(1916)
HappenedfollowingawarbetweenBritainandTurkeyleadingtoantiBritishfeelings
amongMuslims.
BothINCandMuslimLeagueconcludedthis(Congressacceptedtheseparateelectorates
andbothjointlydemandedforarepresentativegovernmentanddominionstatusforthe
country).

AugustDeclaration(1917)
AftertheLucknowPact,aBritishpolicywasannouncedwhichaimedatincreasing
associationofIndiansineverybranchoftheadministrationforprogressiverealizationof
responsiblegovernmentinIndiaasanintegralpartoftheBritishempire.Thiscametobe
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CompetitiveExams:NationalMovementofIndia19051920Examrace

calledtheAugustDeclaration.

RowlattAct(March18,1919)
Thisgaveunbridledpowerstothegovt.Toarrestandimprisonsuspectswithouttrialfor
twoyearsmaximum.ThislawenabledtheGovernmenttosuspendtherightofHabeas
Corpus,whichhadbeenthefoundationofcivillibertiesinBritain.
Causedawaveofangerinallsections.ItwasthefirstcountrywideagitationbyGandhiji
andmarkedthefoundationoftheNonCooperationMovement.

JallianwalaBaghMassacre(April13,1919)
PeoplewereagitatedoverthearrestofDr.KitchluandDr.SatyapalonApril10,1919.
GeneralO'DyerfiresatpeoplewhoassembledintheJallianwalaBagh,Amritsar.
Asaresulthundredsofmen,womenandchildrenwerekilledandthousandsinjured.
RabindranathTagorereturnedhisKnighthoodinprotest.SirShankaranNairresigned
fromViceroy'sExecutiveCouncilafterthis.
HunterCommissionwasappointedtoenquireintoit.
OnMarch13,1940,SardarUdhamSinghkilledO'Dyerwhenthelaterwasaddressinga
meetinginCaxtonHall,London.

KhilafatMovement(1920)
MuslimswereagitatedbythetreatmentdonewithTurkeybytheBritishinthetreatythat
followedtheFirstWorldWar.
Twobrothers,Mohd.AliandShaukatAlistartedthismovement.

NoncooperationMovement(1920)
ItwasthefirstmassbasedpoliticalmovementunderGandhiji.
CongresspassedtheresolutioninitsCalcuttasessioninSept1920.

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