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CTT003 Ch01 GioiThieuTongQuanVeLapTrinh
CTT003 Ch01 GioiThieuTongQuanVeLapTrinh
11/10/2012
Khi nim
CPU ca my tnh c thit k c th thc
hin c cc chng trnh m my (machine
code program) c h iu hnh (HH) np
vo RAM ca my tnh.
Chng trnh m my thng phi tng thch
vi tng h my c th, bao gm tp hp cc ch
th c vit bng cc lnh CPU ca h my ,
c lu trn a di dng mt tp tin m thc
thi (executable program file) ca HH c th.
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11/10/2012
c im
Mi ch th ca chng trnh l mt lnh m
my (mt dy cc byte ch ph hp vi qui
c tp lnh ca mt loi CPU no )
c cu trc ha theo qui c ca HH.
c chy trn mt h CPU v HH c th.
Ni dung rt kh hiu i vi ngi dng my
tnh, ch c CPU thch hp vi hiu r v
thi hnh c.
11/10/2012
Nhn xt
Kh c th sn xut ra phn mm bng cch
vit trc tip cc chng trnh m my.
Nu c lm c theo cch ny th:
Gi c s rt t do qu kh, tn qu nhiu thi
gian v cng sc.
Kh nng dng li rt gii hn do khng th bn
cho ngi dng trn h my tnh khc hay ngi
dng s dng h iu hnh khc.
11/10/2012
Khi nim
Vic vit cc chng trnh m my rt cc v
km hiu qu ngay c i vi cc lp trnh
vin chuyn nghip v vy gii php khi u
l s dng cc NNLT cp thp nh hp ng
hoc cc NNLT cp cao (s bn phn sau).
Chng trnh vit bng NNLT c gi l
chng trnh ngun (source code program)
hay m ngun (source code).
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c im
L NNLT ph thuc vo tng h my c th,
v vy khng c tnh tng thch.
D vit, c, sa hn chng trnh m my.
u im l tn dng v khai thc c tnh
nng ca mi h my c th, nh vy chng
trnh c th chy nhanh hn.
11/10/2012
13
c im
c xut khc phc cc hn ch ca
NNLT cp thp.
D dng v d din t c cc tng
tru tng.
C tnh tng thch cao (khi thay i dng
my tnh th ch cn sa chng trnh rt t
hoc thm ch khng cn sa m vn m
bo chy ng).
11/10/2012
14
NNLT cp thp
Hp ng (assembly language)
NNLT cp cao
C/C++
COBOL
FORTRAN
Java, C#
PHP, Ruby, Perl
Ada, BASIC, Visual Basic (VB), Lisp, Pascal,
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11/10/2012
// Hello.java
import java.util.*;
public class Hello {
public static void main(String argv[])
{
System.out.print(Hello everybody!);
}
}
Chng trnh C
/* Hello.c */
#include <stdio.h>
void main(void)
{
pritnf(Hello everybody!);
}
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Trong cc nm gn y, cc ng dng
chy trn web pht trin rt mnh.
Chy trn internet thng qua mt trnh duyt
web.
c vit bng cc ngn ng nh PHP, JSP,
Java Script, VB Script c tnh tng thch
cao, hot ng trn bt k my tnh no c
internet
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tht s
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