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Dhammachai International Research Institute of New Zealand

16 Pitt Street, North Dunedin, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand

(1977)
ISBN
978-0-9923869-3-1

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.
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BHS
D

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( )
(
2555)

Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit

Derge edition (tsha)
pp. 126a-206b
Peking edition (tsu)
pp. 133b-215a

:
. 4.4 4 4
8.1-4 8 1-4
. 2.36.4 2 36 4
. 24.14 24 14
. 5.1 5 1
| (11)

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1-2 (.)


1-3 (.)
1-2 (.)

(.)

.
(PTS edition) . .
D.III.84-86 Dghanikya vol.3, pp. 84-86
1 (CS) (BJ)
A.IV.75-76
(CS) M.II.12-14 (BJ)
(ssanavasa)

(Vipassana Institute)

(14) | .

Aguttaranikya

AA

Aguttaranikya ahakath Manorathapra

Ap

Apadna

AbhK

Abhidharmakoa and Bhya

AbhKV

Sphurth Abhidharmakoa-vykhy

Aguttaranikya k, the Sratthamajs (CS)

CpA

Cariypiaka ahakath, the Paramatthadpan

Dghanikya

DA

Dghanikya ahakath, the Sumagalavilsin

DhSA

Dhammasaga ahakath, the Ahaslin

Dghanikya k, the Sumagalavilsin

ItA

Itivuttaka ahakath, the Paramatthadpan

KhpA

Khuddakapha ahakath, the Paramatthajotik

Majjhimanikya

MA

Majjhimanikya ahakath, the Papacasdan

MVas

Mahvasa (CS)

Nd1

Mahniddesa

Nd1A

Mahniddesa ahakath, the Saddhammapajjotik

Nd2

Caniddesa

Nd2A

Caniddesa ahakath, the Saddhammapajjotik

| (15)

 1
S

Sayuttanikya

SA

Sayuttanikya ahakath, the Sratthapaksin

SnA

Suttanipta ahakath, the Paramatthajotik

SrD

Vinaya k, the Sratthadpan

SVas

Ssanavasa (CS)

ThrA

Theragth ahakath, the Paramatthadpan

ThriA

Therigth ahakath, the Paramatthadpan

ThVas

Thpavasa (CS)

UdA

Uddna ahakath, the Paramatthadpan

VinA

Vinayahakath, the Samantapsdik

Vism

Visuddhimagga (CS)

VjB

Vinaya k, the Vajirabuddhik (CS)

(16) | .

(11)
(17)

1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
)
)
)
)
)
)
1.
2.

1.6.

2
12
14
14
19
19
20
24
25
33
33
33
35
37
| (17)

41

2.1. ( )

2.2.
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.3.

2.3.1.


2.3.2.

2.4.
2.4.1. ( )

2.4.2.

2.4.3.
2.4.4. ( )

2.4.5.

42

(18) | .

62
62
69
73
73
76
81
81
86
89
93
98

 2.5.

2.6.

2.6.1.
2.6.2.
2.6.3.
2.6.4.

103

127

3.1.

3.1.1.
3.1.2. 4
3.1.3.
3.1.4.
3.1.5. 5

5
3.1.6. 4
3.1.7.
3.1.8.
3.1.9.

109
109
119
121
123
133

134
136
140
144
146
151
156
159
161

| (19)

3.1.10.

3.1.10.1.
3.1.10.2.
3.1.11.

3.2.
3.2.1.

3.2.1.1.
3.2.1.2.
3.2.1.3.
3.2.1.4.
3.2.1.5.
(Bodhisattvapiakastra)

3.2.2.

3.2.2.1.
3.2.2.2.
3.2.3.


3.2.4.

(20) | .

164
164
167
174
175
175
176
183
185
191
193
200
201
204
206
208

 3.2.4.1.
3.2.4.2.
3.2.4.3.
3.2.5.
3.2.5.1.
3.2.5.2.
3.2.6.
3.2.7.
3.2.8. ---
3.2.9.

3.3.
3.3.1.
3.3.1.1.
3.3.1.2.
3.3.2.
3.3.2.1.
3.3.2.2.
3.3.2.3.
3.3.2.4.
3.3.2.5.

211
215
230
236
236
241
244
247
250
253
256
257
257
259
263
265
272
276
286
289

| (21)

3.3.2.6. 291
3.3.2.7.
292
3.3.3.
294

3.4.
298

303
4.1.
308
4.1.1.
309
4.1.1.1. 2
311
.
311
.
313
4.1.1.2.
317
4.1.1.3.
331
4.1.1.4.
333
4.1.1.5. 335
4.1.1.6. 336

4.1.1.7.
340
345
4.1.2.
4.1.2.1.
345
(22) | .

 4.1.2.2.
355
4.1.3.
356
4.1.4.
359
4.2.
361
4.2.1.
362
4.2.1.1. 362
.
366
.
368
.
371
4.2.1.2.
375
4.2.1.3.
379
4.2.2.
383
4.2.3.
386
4.2.3.1.
389

4.2.3.2. 392
4.2.3.3.
393
4.2.3.4.
396

4.2.3.5.
399
4.2.3.6.
400

| (23)

4.2.3.7.

.
.
.
.

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4.2.4.
4.3.
4.3.1.
4.3.1.1.
4.3.1.2.
4.3.1.3.

4.3.1.4.

4.3.1.5.
4.3.1.6.

4.3.1.7.
(24) | .

405
406
408
410
415
419
428
431
431
431
434
437
439
443
446
449

 4.3.2.
4.3.2.1.
4.3.2.2. -
4.3.2.3.
4.3.2.4.

4.3.2.5.
4.3.3.
4.3.3.1. - -
4.3.3.2.
4.4.

453
453
456
460
463

487
488

5.1.

5.2.

5.2.1.

5.2.2. :

5.2.2.1.

470
474
474
478
480

488
490
491
491

| (25)

5.2.2.2.

5.2.2.3.

5.2.2.4.
. 5
.
.
5.2.2.5.

5.2.2.6.
5.2.2.7.
5.2.3. :

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5.2.3.1.

5.2.3.2.
5.3.

5.3.1.
5.3.2.
5.3.2.1.
(26) | .

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495
496
496
497
498
499
500
501
503
504
504
506
507
508
508

 .
509
. 509
5.3.2.2. 509
.
509
.
510
5.3.2.3. 511
5.3.3. 7
512

5.3.3.1. 7 513

5.3.3.2. 513
5.3.3.3. 514
5.3.3.4. () :
517

5.3.4.
519

5.4.
520

522
547
551
| (27)

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36
..
2
168

3
282

4
320

5
341

6
376

7 396
11 15
8
401

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482


10 514

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2 7
3 6 7
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7

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9
Bezeklik
10

11

12

13

63
66
67
110
116
129
131
154
174
186
194
206
252
| (29)

14

15
16

17 ( 54)
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

25 --

26

(30) | .

294
297
307
310
318
332
347
357
382
387
398
417
424

1 | 1

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()
(.. 4/32/39-40)

2 | .




(.. 2/12/56)

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(.. 2/400, .. 4/246, .. 5/196)

(..
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2


45

(.. 1/5/10)
(.. 25/102-4/137-40) (.. 7/368-380/179-189)
(.. 5/59-60)
1 | 3

3

4

(.. 7/180/70)
(..
3/351)
(Norman 1997: 50-52)

(.. 3/351)
(Salomon 2013: 19)

(Norman 1997: 50-52)

4 | .



5
6

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3 (Dietz 2007: 54-5)


17-18 (Shakya, Short History)
1 | 5

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6

7

(.. 12/369-382/395-407)

6 | .

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9

Split Collection
4 5 (2 century
nd

or the beginning of 1 century BC at the latest) (Falk 2011: 15, 19; Cf. Salomon 2009: 14-15)
st

( 1/102-104/235236)
( 2517: 74-75 225-7) .. 450
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.. 450
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15
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2460
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(Cox 2003; Crosby 2003; Skilling

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1 | 15

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18 mainstream Buddhist schools

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(Cox

18

16 | .

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3 8 6 4 8


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19

18 | .

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1.


2. 1

3.

1 | 19

500
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1.

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1.1.
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20 | .

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1.4.
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1.5.

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1 | 21

5
2.1.

2.2.

(.. 568-763)
(..
927-960)

2.3.

22 | .

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ture)

(Schyen collection)

2.4.
.

2.5. 1
.
1

20

Gttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages and Related Indological materials
from Central and Southeast Asia

1 | 23

1-2

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1. (manuscripts) (inscriptions)


2.

3.

24 | .

1 | 25

1. 21
1.1.

1.2.

1.3. ( .)
2. GRETIL
(Gttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages and
Related Indological materials from C.E.ntral and Southeast Asia)

3. Taish Shinsh Daizky (

) CBETA
Lhasa

4. Peking, Narthang, Derge,

5. (Manuscripts)
5.1.

5.1.1.
(
21

26 | .

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5.1.2. ( 24)
( 6863/2/1)

5.1.3.
( 10 6863/2/1 )
5.2.

5.2.1. (.. 2466)
( 1
)
5.3.

5.3.1. (.. 1198 = .. 2379)
( 3
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5.4.

5.4.1.
( 1 22

22

1 | 27

79.029.11.027-029 1/10)

5.4.2.
( 3
84.183.01D
087-089)

5.4.3. (.. 1295 = .. 2476)
( 3

84.136.01D 031-033)

5.4.4. (.. 1261 = .. 2442)
( 1

82.117.11.057-057)

5.4.5. (.. 1236 = .. 2417)
( 1

82.117.11.057-057)

5.4.6.
( 1
.
06.20.011.00)
28 | .


5.4.7.
( 8 1298/1 )
5.5.

5.5.1.
( 1 48 )

5.5.2. (
1 96 )

5.5.3. -
( 1 80 )

5.5.4. - (
1 16 )

5.5.5. -- (
1 54 )

5.5.6. - - (
1 16 )

5.5.7. - (
1 40 )

5.5.8. - (
1 40 )
1 | 29

5.5.9. (
1 64 )

5.5.10. (
1 88 )

5.5.11. (.. 2487)

( 1 88 )

5.5.12. (.. 2491)
( 8 326 )
6. (Manuscripts)

6.1. 23

6.1.1.
(British Library collection) 6

23

(Northwestern Prakrit)

Sir Harold Bailey

(Bailey 1946)

30 | .

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Gandhran Buddhist Texts (GBT)

6.1.3. (Schyen
collection)
(Hirayama collection, Hayashidera
collection) 7-9
(Buddhist Manuscritps in the Schyen
Collection - BMSC)

6.1.4. (Bajaur collection) 6-7

(Khan 2008)

6.1.5. (Split collection)
4 6

6.2.

collection)

6.2.1. (Schyen
7-12 Bud-

dhist Manuscritps in the Schyen Collection (BMSC)

1 | 31

6.2.2. (Gilgit Manuscripts)
10-13
(
)
GRETIL

6.2.3. (Bactrian Documents)
10-11 Buddhist Manuscritps in
the Schyen Collection (BMSC)
6.3.
6.3.1. (Khotan Dharmapada) 7-8

6.3.2. (Niya Documents)
8-9
6.4.

6.4.1.
(Kucha) (Kizil, Qizil) (Turfan)
(Khotan)
9-14 Sanskrithandschriften aus den Turfanfunden ( 11 )

32 | .

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4th-5th C.E./A.D.
29 B.C./B.C.E.
1st c B.C./B.C.E.
beginning of 1st c B.C./B.C.E.

..
.. 593-743
9-10
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.. 514
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.. 454-466 .. 483
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.. 454-466


(Palaeographic background)

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( 1.2
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Bechert 1982, Cousins 1996

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70 | .

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72 | .


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2.3.

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19

21

2 | 73

10
( 2553: 27-29)

7-10
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(Assavavirulhakarn 2010: 67)

22
22

(2553: 18) 7
1. ()
11-14
2. 11-15
3. 14-19
4.
15-20
5. 20 21
6. 21 25
7. 24

74 | .

(.. 1820-1860)

( 2546: 20)

20
2 | 75

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.. 2427-2502

.. 2445

(Tiyavanich 1997: 40)

76 | .

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21 249925

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( 35; Sangharakshita
1985: 242-243)
( 62; Takakusu 1975: 154)

( 64-5; Takakusu 1975: 205)

( 69; Blyth 1974: 113)

( 67; McGovern 1922: 79)

2 | 87

(sphere)

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( 31, 37)


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88 | .




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.. 2543

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2 | 89

1 ( 25-26)
( 27-30)

( 34-38)

.. 2479

() ...
56
572 ( 32)



( )
( 32)
90 | .



...


7

... ( 32)

...

7






... ( 33)

2 | 91

...



( 33)
(
) 3
28 .. 2493

1.
(
)
2.

28

( )

92 | .




(
)

2.4.4. (
)
.. 2546 ( )

2 | 93

1. 4 29 7
18 4
1
1


30
2. 2


( 208)
3. ()
(2479) (2.4.3)

. . . .
. ( 2546:
197, 142-152)
30
()

()
29

94 | .


321-5 328

... ( 213)
-
329-330 ...





... ( 213)
- 1

( ) 1 ( 216)
- 6 5
395 ...
.



... ( 216)
2 | 95

... ( 217)
4.
4
3

-

( 225-6)
-


-
( 3 ) 214-7 3
236-7
3
236-42
96 | .





( 228)
5. (
.6) 5 2492 3

60-63
...



... ( 234)

2 | 97

2.4.5.

.. 2551
Early Buddhist Dhammakya: Its Philosophical and
Soteriological Significance (Jantrasrisalai 2008)


31

32
18 20
( 1.4)

32
7


... (.. 1/7/8, .. 12/321/323, .. 15/555/200)


(verbal expression of the reality)


31

98 | .

1.



(pp. 281, 288)
2.

(p. 281)
3.

(p. 282)
4.



(p. 281-2)
2 | 99

5.


(p. 287)
6.
4 4 (p. 287)
7.


(p. 281)

10-12

(Vism.I.227, ThrA.I.115)

(Vism.I.204, VinA.I.124, KhpA.108, Nd1.II.265)

(ItA.II.115) (ThrA.I.37)


(SnA.I.34, UdA.310, ThriA.28)
(SnA.
100 | .

II.594, Nd2A.31--32) 9

(SA.II.313, SnA.I.34, ThrA.II.205)

(ItA.II.115)
(CpA.332)
(DA.I.34)
16-18

(VjB.15,
19) 33

(SrD.I.211)
(SrD.I.310-1, 352)
(SrD.III.299)
(SrD.I.126, II.166-7)




(p.11)
33

2 | 101

(Vasubandhu, Poussin, and Pruden 1988: 722
n.129, 131)34 (
), () ()
5

(AbhK.VII.34)

(-)35
()
(Vasubandhu, Poussin, and Pruden 1988: 1200 n.196)

TD27, p. 177a16 ()

35
AbhKV AbhK.IV.32
34

102 | .

 11-12

16-18

2.5.

2 | 103

(Chen 1947: 207; Collins 1991; Choong 2000; Skilling 2010:
5-6)36

36

(Collins)

(Skilling) 18

104 | .

 37

(manuscripts)
(Allon 2008: 153)

37

()

Agama Studies .. 2550

(Hui Feng)





2 | 105

.. 2367


12-23
38
.. 2433

book

Hamilton Bower

(Hoernle 1893)

38

106 | .

 (Hartmann 1999)
39

.. 2435

5

.. 2505 (Brough 1962)

40 (Allon 2008: 159;

Salomon 1999: 101-4, 129-30)

.. 2474
.. 2481 (Naupur)

2
(
2557)
40



( 3 7
)
39

2 | 107

11-13


60-70

.. 2537 (British Library)

29 ()

6-7
(Salomon 1999: xv)

4
(Falk 2011: 15, 19; Cf. Salomon 2009: 14-15)

108 | .

 41

2.6.

2.6.1.

(Samad 2011: 223)

41

Schyen collection
100

2 | 109

(Huntington 2010)

110 | .

 ( 2554) (Dietz
2007)
()42



-43

-

(Neelis 2000: 919-21)

42

In ancient literature, Kashmir was a part of Gandhara. (Hassnain

1973: 11) The kingdom of Kashmir appears in our ancient records as a part and parcel of Gandhra. (Dutt 1939: 3)
The Greeks record that Kashmir (Kaspapyros) is one of cities of Gandhra. (Watters
1973: 27)
In some
books we find Gandhra associated with Kapin (Kashmir) either as a part of the latter
or as a neighbouring state. (Watter 1973: 199)

43
-

2 | 111

(
)
2

(Dietz 2007: 59-60)

44


(D.II.167)

44

(MA.V.33-62)

112 | .

(Watters

1973, p. 183)

2

Bagram
( 2554: 322)
(Watters 1973: 199)

(VinA.I.64-6; MVas 69-70, SVas 181-3) (Przyluski
1967: 55; Lvi 1932: 61-2) (Khosla 1972: 12 n. 101, 14
n. 5-6)
(VinA.I.63-64, MVas.68, ThVas.36)
3

(Cox 2003: 506)

( 2554: 315, 322; Hassnain 1973: 12)
2

2 | 113

45
2 Shahbazgarhi
Mansehra (Hassnain
1973: 13-4; Sehrai 1979)

Menander
(Trenckner 1962: 82-3)



(Hinber 1996: 83)46
2
sapurisakasapagotasa savahemavatcariyasa
()
sapurisamajhimasa ()
2 (Sonari) sapurisagotiputasa savahemavatasa
dadabhisaradydasa ()
(Cunningham 1854: 287, 316-7)
46


(Minh
45

Chau 1964). http://www.budsas.org/ebud/milinda/ml-00.htm

114 | .


(Kashmiri)
(Hassnain 1973: 13 n. 4)47


Menander

200 .. 300

150
(Hassnain 1973: 13)48

17-18 (
12)
5
47
48

Kashmir Shairi, Sahitya Academy. New Delhi.

Tarikh-i-Kashmir
2 | 115

(Kloppenborg 1973: xi-xii;

Khosla 1972: 18; Banerjee 1979: 5)

(Dietz 2007: 62)
(Brough 1962: 42)

(.)
(Sirca 1959-60:
247-250)

5 ()
(Sircar 1959 - 60 : 247)

116 | .

 3

()





()

49
8-9


(Banerjee 1979: 3-4)
49

3 (
8-9) Vogel 1929-30, pp. 22-3.
2 | 117

50




(Banerjee 1979: 6; Khosla 1972: 18)
(Banerjee 1979: 6;
Khosla 1972: 16)

(Dutt 1939: 7)
4

18

(Hassnain 1973: 21-2; Banerjee 1994: 5)

50

Cox
()


(Cox 2003: 506)

118 | .

2.6.2. 51

(Xinjiang 2004)

84,000
( 520476 BC)52
( .. 1763-1818)
34 (
)
9
51
52

(2557)
.. ..
995-977
958 696-682

2 | 119

()
()
()
() (
)

(Kumar 2005: 34)

Hongming ji () ..
284-333 ( )



16


(Zrcher 2007: 20)
120 | .

 6-8



(Ebrey 2006: 67)
.. 568-763 (Eastern Han Dynasty)

(Kushan Empire)

(Gernet 1996: 213)
2.6.3.

(Hung 1986: 264)
() () (Kohn and
LaFargue 1998: 78)
2 | 121

( .. 571-618)
()

( .. 590-635)

(Zrcher 2007: 320)
(
) () () 18

(Indo-Scythian)
()
() ( 2543: 179)

.. 610 (.. 67,

Kumar 2005: 39)



()
() () () ()

9
122 | .

 11
(Zrcher 1990: 159-164)

1)

2)

3)

2.6.4.

Taish Shinsh Daizky (
)
85
.. 2465-2476 ( 2525: 313)

2 | 123

(Luo and Hong Lei 2004: 20)

1. (.. 568-763)
2. (.. 1161-1450)

3. (.. 1503-1822)




(Tajadod
2003: 61)
(Rhie 1999: 23-4)


()
()
.. 698-712 (.. 155-169)

.. 693 ..
124 | .

707-729 (.. 164-186)

(Shou Lengyan Sanmei jing ) ()
(Banzhou Sanmei jing ) (A she shi wang
jing ) (Za Pi Yu Jing )

() ()

(Ugrapari- prccha-Stra)

(An Xuan ) .. 724
(()) (Rhie 1999: 25)
(Zhi
Liang ) (Tan Guo ) ()
()






2 | 125

( T.2145)
()

() method of analogy

(Mair 2010: 243)

()
(Bumbacher 2007: 219)
(Kohn and Sakade 1989: 152)

126 | .

3 | 127

7
202 35

128 | .

 3 | 129

6
(Huntington 2010)

6-14


4 18-19

7
18

5
18

130 | .

 3 | 131

1)

2-3 2) 5-6
3)

1 4)

(Strauch
2010: 24; Karashima 2013: 121)

132 | .

 3
1.

2.

3.

3.1.

()

(
2557)
3 | 133

3.1.1.
.. 544-593 ( 1)3

(.. 21/36/48-50) 3







(Allon and Glass 2001, pp. 124-5)
3

Palaeograpic Dating (Allon and Glass 2001: 67) 12 14
British Library Collection
2 1)
2)

Jalalabad
(Salomon 1999: 20)

134 | .

(. 17)

8

(. 320)


3 | 135

(. 722)



(. 381)
(narrative)


(wording)

3.1.2. 4
( 3.1.1)

4 4
4

.. 21/14/20-22

136 | .

 ()

( )

()
() ()


(Allon and Glass 2001: 126-9)
4

1. :






(. 146)
2. :
3 | 137

(. 347)
3. ()
7
7











( . 482-3)
138 | .

4.












( . 589-90)



5

( 3.1.6)
3 | 139

3.1.3.

..
553-5736 (Baums 2009: 109)







6

.. 10-30 7, 9, 13 18

Library Collection

140 | .

British

.. 553-573



.. 500

7

(Baums 2009: 280)8

:

7

3 | 141

5

3

5 5




(.. 12/315/314)
:





142 | .

(. 433)
(. 845)

(. 31)


9

47
(. 592) (.. 25/222/258)
3 | 143

3.1.4.
10 .. 683 (..
140)11
(Glass
2007: 193-4)




(Glass and Allon 2007: 140)12

5 Senior Collection


(Allon 2007: 3)
11
Radio-carbon dating

.. 130-140 (Allon 2007: 4-5; Salomon 2003: 76-8)

5 .. 140 (Glass 2007:
10

12

105-6)

:




(.. 16/68/35) T263 2: 67a22-c3

144 | .

 :


...
... ...
...



:
5





(. 18)






3 | 145

(. 887)


(
)






3.1.5. 5
5


5



(Glass and Allon 2007: 138)
146 | .


13
?
...
.........

14

(Glass and Allon 2007: 175-6)
5

14

.. 17/71/42 (
) .. 12/287/277
(
) T269 2:70b1-c1
13

3 | 147

(. 611)






(. 323)



(. 27)

5
--
---
- -
-
148 | .

 ---
-- ----
(Glass and Allon 2007: 140)
:


, , ,
. ..






(..
17/83/50-1)



(T48 2:12a18-26) (Glass and Allon 2007: 186)
3 | 149

5

5













(. 136)
5
5

150 | .

 5 5

3.1.6. 4

(Glass and Allon 2007: 138-9)
15
4
1. (-)
2. (-)
3. (-)

4. (---)

15

3 | 151

?



... ...
()
(Glass and
Allon 2007: 138-9)

152 | .

 ...
...

( 3.1.2 )

3 | 153

8 (Tarzi 2013: 54)

(
3.1.8)

154 | .







5 (. 577)



(. 516)




(. 633)

3 | 155

3.1.7.

16
7 ( 2) (Lee
2009: 43)







8

16

19 Senior Collection

156 | .

(.. 18/322-4/223-6)



(Lee 2009: 12-26)









(. 557)

3 | 157

(. 524)

6-7

158 | .

3.1.8.

8 917

18 (. . 23/238/430-434)

(
)

18
Schyen Collection 80 (Jantrasrisalai et al forthcoming)
17

3 | 159

()








16



84,000
84,000
84,000

(. 843)


160 | .

 (. 843)

(. 555)

8-9

3.1.9.

2
9-11
10-13
400

(Hoernle 1916b: 75; Hartmann
2002: 305) 7-8 (Rahder
1953: 172)19

19

10
.. 1218-1228 (.. 675-685)

5
10 (Hoernle 1916a: 59)
3 | 161

1 7-11


7.
()
8.

9.

10.

11.

:
7.

8.
?

162 | .

9. ?

10.

11.
()

(. 71)

3 | 163

(.. 14/106/90)

3.1.10.

3.1.10.1.

12-14 Wille
(2005)





164 | .

(
)
(Sander
1980: 251-7)

:


... (. 924)




? 3 ... ...



...

3 | 165

(. 275-6)

12-14

7

7
.. 337-60220

20

Library of Congress (Allon and Salomon 2010: 10, n. 39)

166 | .

3.1.10.2.

(Kumamoto 1995)


12-14
(Stnner 1904)
(Bongard-Levin and Tyomkin 1969)21
(N. E. Petrovsky
Collection) (German
Collection) 22

21
22

(N. E. Petrovsky Collection)

(Leningrad)

(Walschmidt 1971: 141-2)

3 | 167

168 | .

7 ( 7
)

42
4

12

4,
3,




3

4
10

()

3 | 169

(
)

5

.....

170 | .

1)
2)
3)
4) (. , .
)
5)
6)
7)





3 | 171

1. (
)



23

23

172 | .

2.
7 7

)
)

)
)


( 2.2.2)
3.

3 | 173

9 Bezeklik (Wikimedia)

3.1.11.

6 14

6-9 (3.1.1-3.1.8)
9-11 (3.1.9)

174 | .

 1214 (3.1.10)


2,000

3.2.

3.2.1.

()



3 | 175

3.2.1.1. 24

25
( 8,000 )
Conze
5-7 (Conze 1978: 1-4)

.. 722-723
(Vaidya 1960) 16-18
(Sander 2000a; Sander 2002)
9 (Sander 2000b: 285-8)
(Falk and Karashima 2012; 2013)
6 (Falk and Karashima 2012: 19)

(
2557) ( 2557)
( 2557)
25

(
2557)
24

176 | .




5-6 (Falk and Karashima 2013: 100)

(Vaidya 1960)

(Vaidya

1960: 48)

:
|

(Vaidya 1960: 253)

( 3.1.1)


(. 533)
3 | 177

(. 796)



26

26

(.. 11/55/92)

178 | .

 27

(2557)

()





27

(.. 17/216/146-7)
3 | 179

(. . 334)
:




9

()

9
9
()
9



(. . 364)
180 | .

: 9 (4) (4)
(1)
()
9
(
2557)
9 4 4

?
?





...
..


(. 370)

3 | 181

(. 170)

(. 593)

(Conze 1978: 1)
2
Conze

182 | .

3.2.1.2. 28

(Bongard-Levin
1994; Watanabe 1994; Bongard-Levin and Kimura 1995; Karashima

(Bongard-Levin and Kimura 1995: 355)

2005)

(Kimura 1986: 96)
:



28

( 2557)
3 | 183

? ,
...
(Kimura 2009: 100)

:
()
?

...
184 | .






Conze (1978: 1)
3.2.1.3. 29

9-11 (Conze 1957:9)30

9 31

11-13
9 (Harrison and
Watanabe 2006)
10 13 (Konow 1916a)
29
30
31

F. Max Mller, E. F. Pargiter, N. P. Chakravarti, E. Conze, N. Dutt, P. L. Vaidya, L. M. Joshi,G.

Schopen, Rushi foxue yanjiushi

.. 300-500

F. Max Mller, E. F. Pargiter, N. P. Chakravarti, E. Conze, N. Dutt, P. L. Vaidya, L. M. Joshi,G.

Schopen, Rushi foxue yanjiushi

3 | 185

10

There is sufficeint overlap in the waist area to establish that the two

manuscripts roughly represent the same recension of the text (Harrison

2006: 133)

(Harrison 2006)

186 | .

(Gmez and Silk 1989: 105/11a)

: (
)
()

()
32 33
34

(Harrison 2006: 133)

33

34



32

3 | 187

(Vaidya 1961a: 87)

35


() ()


36

cu muhu ruvane deda
cu ma salyau-jsa mare
kra cedma tty
tta muhu herya na deda
dharmahe-jsa bays dya
dtdvne taradara ttyna

(Mithila Institute)
Darbhanga
14-15
36

(
2557)
35

188 | .

d a busta darmaha raa

naiye kara tcraa bute37 (Konow 1916a: 270-1)

: ( )

38

38
Konow (1996a: 286)
(Konow 1996b; Bailey 1979)
37

3 | 189

(. )
39

40

5
6

39
40

(2557)

there is a reasonable possibility that the Vajracchedik in some form
or another dates from a very early phase of Prajpramit literary activity. (Williams
2009, 49) (2557)

190 | .

3.2.1.4. 41

(Vaidya 1961b)

1.
|
(Vaidya 1961b, 21)

:


2.

(Vaidya 1961b: 77)

:
()
41

( 2557)
( 2557)
3 | 191

3.
| ? |

| (Vaidya 1961b, 143)
:



2
GilgitBamiyan Type I
11-13
(St. Petersburg Collection)
4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 17, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33,
35, 36, 38, 40 (Skilton 2002) 4

( 3.3.2.3)


(manuscript)


192 | .


11-13

3.2.1.5. (Bodhisattvapiakastra)42

43

( 2557)
( 2557)
43

(Braarvig
and Pagel 2006: 11; Werner 1996; Prebish 1999)
-
- (Sander 2000b:
285)
-

(2557)
42

3 | 193

8-10 (Kazunobu Matsuda)
9 (Allon and Salomon 2010:
8-9)
16
12
10-12 (Braarvig

and Pagel 2006: 30)

3 ... ...

11
(Braarvig 2006: Plate VI)

194 | .

...() ( ) ... |
| () ... (Braarvig and Pagel
2006: 81)44

: ...
...
...
9

44

(...)

3 | 195

(Braarvig and Pagel 2006, 82)

-
196 | .

( 3.2.2.1)

3 | 197

) ) )
)



(. 32)

(. 32-3)


(. 33)



198 | .

7 (. 33)


(. 37-38)

3 | 199

( 3.2.4.2)

-

3.2.2.

200 | .

 3.2.2.1. 45 46

( 3.1.9) (Hoernle
1916a: 59) (Hartmann 2002: 305)


9-11
145-146
145.

146.
(Hoernle 1916a: 74)
:
145.

()47
12.
()

Hoernle (1916a: 59)

( 2557)
47
Bailey
(1951) Bailey

45
46

3 | 201

(?)






:

(. 71)


(. 421; 3.1.1, 3.1.4, . 17)





202 | .




(. 42)








(. 785)

48
48

(.. 13/489-508/44361)

3 | 203

9-11

3.2.2.2. 49

2,500

10-16 ( 5-10) (Sir Aurel
Stein)
(Skjaervo 2002:
254) 50 5
5-9
(Samantabhadra -cary)
4
...

49
50

( 2557)
IOL Khot 35/8 Kha. ii.29.3: KBT,p.9 (5) Rel. Baileys folio A.

204 | .

 13

51
- (p. 301;
)
- 8
(p. 489; )
- (p. 490, 491, 493;
)
-

51

(2557)
3 | 205

3.2.3. 52

12 (Saamiblog 2009) 53
52
53

(
2557)

Likely a standing Bodhisattva. Afghanistan, likely 3 rd - 6 th century. marble, height

97.0 cm. Located in the Museum fr Indische Kunst, Berlin-Dahlem. (Saamiblog 2009)

206 | .

 (Dutt et al 1984: 185-214)

(Hartmann 2006)
-54
11-13
12-14




(Puri 1987: 102-3)

|| 101

|| 102 (Dutt et al 1984: 213)
:
6
54

(Hartmann 2006: 7)
3 | 207

55

11 (
3.2.1.1
9-11 )
3.2.4. 56

55
56

( 2557)
( 2557)

208 | .


(Tathgatagarbha Literature)

7-8 ( 2-3)


()

(Zimmerman 2002: 40)

3 | 209

(Zimmerman 2002: 103, n. 55)

(Zimmerman 2002: 104, n. 60)57

(containing a Tathgata) (Williams 2009: 104)

sarvasattvs tathgatagarbh


( 2557)
(Paul 1979: 191)

4 8

4 4

57

( 2557)

210 | .




( 2557)

3.2.4.1. 58


(Matsuda 2000: 65)

( )

.. 979 (.. 436) .. 1253 (.. 710)
14-15 ( 9)

58

( 2557)
( 2557)
( )
( 2557)
3 | 211

2
(Matsuda 2000)
10-11 ( 5; Sander 2000b: 291-3)

(Cholvijarn 2008: 90)

()

212 | .

 (Wayman and Wayman 1990: 99)59

60

, ,

, ,
59
60

(2557)

beginningless, uncreate, unborn, undying, free from death; permanent, steadfast, calm, eternal; intrinsically pure, free from all the defilement-store; and accompanied by Buddha natures
more numerous than the sands of the Ganges, which are nondiscrete, knowing as liberated, and
inconceivable. This Dharmakya of the Tathgata when not free from the store of defilement
[i.e. the kleas, passions] is referred to as the Tathgatagarbha. (Wayman and Wayman 1974:
98)

(2557)

3 | 213

,
(Wayman and Wayman 1974: 106)61

(.
. 20/50-53/11-12)

( 2.2.2)





61

(2557)

214 | .

 (. 536)

3.2.4.2. 62

(Habata 2009)


3
(Faxian) (Buddhabhadra)
.. 959-961 (.. 416-418) (Dharmakema)
.. 964-973 (.. 421-430) (Huiyan)
.. 996 (.. 453)
40 63
62
63

( 2557)
(2557)
3 | 215

36
(Habata 2009: 551) 24
(Khadalik) 12-14

(Hoernle
MS 143, SA. 4)
(Thomas1916c: 93)

64
(, )
(Or. 15010/72; Hoernle 147. SB. 109) (verso)


... 65
(-)....
(Habata 2009: 568)

64
65

(Habata 2009: 568, n. 118)

216 | .

: ...

...
(Or. 15009/287: Hoernle unnumbered)
3-4
(3)... ...
///(4) ...
... (Habata 2009: 572)
: ...

...
...

(Or. 15010/65: Hoernle 143. SB.
102 Or.15010/137: Hoernle 142. SC. 152) 7
:
... ... (Habata 2009: 562)
: ... ... ...

3 | 217

12-14

3.2.4.1)





()

?

218 | .

?

...

...



(. 182)

() 41

3 | 219

66
1.

1.1.

(T374 12: 567a3,6)

:
2

()

66

(2557)
(SAT Daizokyo)

220 | .







()

(. 182)
3 | 221

? (. 27)
5

(3.2.2.5)

2.

2.1. (T374 12:

374c9)
: ...

222 | .




(3.2.2.5)

(T374

12:

388b27)

3 | 223

(T374

12: 464c26)

224 | .

3.
3.1.

(T374

12: 392b8)

( 3.1.3 3.1.8)

3.2. (T374 12:

390a24)

3 | 225

(. 27)

(.. 13/288/283)

:

8
)
(.. 30/619/315)
:

)
(.. 26/309/305)
:

226 | .

4.
4.1.

(T374 12: 411c11)

5.
5.1 (T374 12: 382b29)
:

3 | 227

4

(.. 21/77/104)

228 | .



(. 464)

3 | 229

3.2.4.3. 67

.. 978-986 (..
435-443)68 69 (chos kyi sku
) 17 12
70
1.
1.1. [P176a4][D169a3] de bzhin gshegs pai rtag pa

ther zug g.yung drung gi mchog bsil bar gyur pa | [P176a5]

shis pa ni sangs rgyas te | de bzhin gshegs pa ni chos kyi

skuo || de bzhin gshegs pai snying po rga ba med pao zhes

bya ba di ni [D169a4] phags pai lam yan lag brgyad pa
yin par

(T120

2: 532a20-29)
67
68

( 2557)

The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Description Catalogue, accessed on 2nd May 2013. http://www.
acmuller.net/descriptive_catalogue/files/k0410.html

13-14 ( 8)
(Jinamitra) (Surendrabodhi)

(Ratnarakita) (Chen, Kenneth K. S. 1946)
70
(2557)

69

230 | .

:



8
1.2. [P173b2] [D166a7] btsun pa mauda gal gyi bu

chen po gang de bzhin gshegs pai snying po bden pa yang

dag pa nyid | don dam pai sku rtag pai sku | de bzhin gshegs
pai bsam gyis mi khyab pai sku | [P173b3] don [D166b1]
dam pai sku | ther zug gi sku rtag pai sku | don dam pai
sku | chos kyi sku | zhi bai sku | don dam pai sku | de kho
na las skyes pai sku | de ji ltar ston || de bas na mi bden bai
chos kyis byung ngo | bcom ldan das kyi bstan pa thams
cad ni mi bde na ba [D166b2] dang bral ba ste | de bas na
sangs rgyas zhes byao ||

(T120 2:530c03-12)

:


3 | 231

[]






(3.2.3.3)

(1.2.)

2.
2.1. [P165b8] [D158b2] sor moi phreng bas mdzes

dga la slar smras pa | de bzhin gshegs pa la rus paang med

| rgyus pa yang med na | sku gdung dang ring bsrel lta ga

la yod de | ring bsrel med pa thabs kyi mchog chos kyi sku

232 | .

ni sangs rgyas bsam gyis mi khyab pa ste | de [P166a2]

[D158b3] bzhin gshegs pa ni bsam gyis mi khyab pao ||

(T120 2:526c16-19)

...

3 | 233

71
72
3.

[D185a2] nga tshe rabs mang bo gang gi klung

gi bye ma snyed du bskal pa bye ba mang po grangs med

[D185a3] par lha dang mir bcas pai sems can bye ba mang
po dod pai dbang du gyur pa rnams nyon mongs pa med

pa la bkod pas na |ngai lus gtse ba dang bral zhing gtse ba

med pai chos kyi skur gyur to ||

71
72

[P172b2] chos dang dge dun [D165a6] gnyis ni thabs kyi skyabs lags te ||
P175b5-8: D168b5-6; D168b1-3: P175b2-4

234 | .

[P193a3][D185b2]ngas tshe rabs mang po gang gi

klung gi bye ma snyed du bskal pa bye ba mang po grangs

med par lha dang mir bcas [D185b3] pai sems can bye

ba mang po rnams jigs pa thams cad las bsgral te | byang

chub pa la bkod pas na | ngai lus bla na med pai chos kyi
skur gyur to ||

4 8
16 (. 616)

(3.1.1)


3 | 235

3.2.5.
(
2.2.2)

3.2.5.1. 73


73

(
2557) ( 2557)
( 2557)

236 | .


4

(Uiguri)
2

12-14 (Thomas 1916d: 109)
2 (colophon)
5 9 6
(Upajti) 5


6
6
6
15
15 6
1674
74

14 15

3 | 237

15

( 15) ...
... (Thomas 1916d: 113)
:

75
6 16



75

( 2557)

238 | .

( 6 16)

(
) (Thomas 1916d: 114)
:

()



( 3.3.2.4)


(3.3.2.1)
(3.3.2.3)

3 | 239

10
76

(T374

12: 504b2)

16

76

( 2557)

240 | .






3.2.5.2. 77

( 3.1.9)

77

(
2557)
3 | 241

(.. 17/126/82 .. 14/106/90)

(
.. 13/509/461)

.. 978-986 (.. 435-443)

78 (T99

2:19b21-c11)

78

242 | .




/






:

(. 71)
4
(. 28)




(. 370)
3 | 243

4

(. 421)

3.2.6. 79
80
(T001 1: 13b2-10) .. 95681
82

:

( 2557)



81

82
(2557)
79
80

244 | .


()

(.. 10/89/112)
:







3 | 245

8
()






10
(. 180)
4
8
8 8 4



8 (. 654)

246 | .




8
8

3.2.7. 83
(T100 2: 445c2-8)
..
(.. 13/244-252/240-9)



84

83
84

( 2557)
(
2557)
3 | 247

:



4








(.. 13/252/248-9)
:





248 | .

3 | 249

3.2.8. ---

()
85
---
( )

5 (.. 11/420/301-2)



1. ()

(T125

2:711b29-c2)

: ()



85

(2557)

250 | .

2.

(T125 2: 712b28-c3)

5


5




5
5

3 | 251

13

--- ()

---

5 5
252 | .

5

-- ()
3.2.9.

1. 6

2.

3 | 253

3.
3.1.

6
3.2.
10
12-14
3.3.
.. 956 (.. 413)
3.4.
..
3.5.
10-11
4.

10 12-14

254 | .

5.

5.1. 5
.. 940-941 (.. 397-8)
5.2.

8-10
5.3.
11-13
5.4.

11-14
6.

10

3 | 255

2



6-14

3.3.

( 3.1.6, 3.3.2 3.3.2.1)

256 | .

()
3.3.1.
(.
)

3.3.1.1. 86

( T602)
(Deleanu 1992: 47)
(npnasvadi) .. 643
86

(
2557)
3 | 257

(.. 100)
(npnasmti Stra)

6

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

( , ),
( , ),
( ),
( ),
( ),
( )

87


7 (
87

(T602 15: 169c223)

258 | .

 2525: 215)

( 2.2.1)

3.3.1.2. 88

()
()89
8

()



(
2557)
89
()

88

3 | 259

(physical body)

1 1 1

(.. 15/298/89)

. .
. .

4

4 (.. 1/109/112)



(
)
()
260 | .

90

?
8

91 (.. 19/1664/528)
90
91

3 | 261

(center of gravity)


7

(Jherora 2013)

7
()

(. , . -)

262 | .

92 4

4


( 3.3.1.1)
4

3.3.2.



8
92

3 | 263

9 ()

The Book of Zambasta


(Emmerick 1969)

93

93

( 2557)

264 | .

 3.3.2.1. 94

(Hoernle Collection) (Hoernle Ms 143, SA3)

(Thomas 1916b)

(Thomas)
(Domoko Oasis) 95

Nanjio (1883: 30-1)

(Harrison 1998) (Harrison 1990)
96
(
2557)
95
Eastern Turkestan

96
14 8
94

3 | 265

- - -
-
(Harrison 1990:
viii)

.. 500 97


11-14

1. (
) 98
5-8




5-8
98


97

266 | .





99 (3A-3C, 3H; Harrison 1990: 31-2, 39-40)
2.

3 1)
2) 3)
(3J; Harrison 1990: 40-1)
3.



(3L; Harrison 1990: 42)
4.


(5B; Har-

rison 1990: 49)

99

3 | 267

5.



()





(3N-3O; Harrison 1990: 43-4)

6. 4


(15J; Harrison 1990: 125)






268 | .

 ...




...
(. 574-5)
2



(. 575)









3 | 269

()

( 2.2.1)

270 | .









( )

()

3 | 271

3.3.2.2. 100

7-8 ( 2)101
2
- 1 (Gilgit-Bamiyan Type I)
11-13102
(Dutt 1939: ii)
1-2
(
2557)
101
Gmez Silk
(Gmez and Silk 1989: 14)


(Bidyabinod 1927)

102
6-7 (Skilton 2002: 97. Cf. Sander 2000b: 295)
100

272 | .

 (Skilton 2002: 100)

103
4

25 16-25
(Skilton 2002: 106-7)
(Gmez and Silk 1989: 75-8)
1.


( 2 3)



(.. 23/207/369)



(. 280)
103

St. Petersburg Collection

3 | 273

2.
( 4)
8
(. 28-9)
3. 9-12

4. 7
13-20

13

14
15

16-19


20

274 | .

 21

13 20

3 | 275

... (. 69)

(..14/333-342/226-233)

3.3.2.3. 104

(yogcra)
(Schlingloff 1964; Ruegg 1967)
(yogvacara)

104

(
2557) (
2557)

276 | .





11-13
(Yamabe 1999)

3 | 277

105

4


)

9
106


( 2557)
106


(
)

......
.... ...............
.... ..... . ..
..... ............
() ....

. .....

..... ..........
...... .... ... .........
105

(YL164V-YL164R)

278 | .





...

7 2

3 | 279

1.

2.
3.
4.
... ( )
5. 5
5

5
6. . .. 4

()
7.
3

280 | .

8.
... ()
9. () ()

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. ...
(-)
16.
().........
()
17. ( )
..... ....
18. ()
( )

3 | 281

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

()
()

,
,
,
,
,

()

embodiment
282 | .

)

(awakened) 107

107

esoteric practice (Gmez 2003; Swearer 2003)
3 | 283

( )







-
() (Schlingloff
1964: 80; Cf. Ruegg 1967: 165)

-

(Schlingloff 1964: 148)
-
(Schlingloff 1964: 114, 179)


()

284 | .

(Gmez 2003; Swearer 2003)

(Ruegg 1967)

3 | 285

(Yamabe 2006: 326)

Rllicke
(Rllicke 2006)

3.3.2.4. 108

(Hoernle MS., No. 144, SA, 5)

12-14

3



(Thomas 1916a)
108

(
2557)

286 | .

 3

() 109
6
110
6


111

112
113
10 3
(realized buddhahood)
.

110

111

112

1 3 2
3 -- (Thomas 1916a: 98)
113

109

3 | 287

3

3 ...

45 75
.

()

288 | .


( 3.3.2.1)

4
3.3.2.5. 114


( The Abidged

Essential T617)
10-11 (Shi Guohua 1999) 4

114

(
2557)
3 | 289

1. 115
32 80
2. 116 5
()
3. 117 5

10
4. 118
( 3.3.2.1)


6-11
( 1-5)

(T.617 15:299b1)

115
()
116

117

118

290 | .





119

3.3.2.6. 120

11-12


5 121 (Five
Gates)

5
5

119

(T.617 15:299c27-300a04)

(
2557)
121
( T619)
120

3 | 291

(Yamabe 2010: 1049-50)

( The
Abidged Essential), ( the Secret Essentials of Meditation T15 No. 613) ( the Visualization
Manual T85 No. 2914)


()

3.3.2.7. 122

.. 1800 (Schlingloff)
( 3.3.2.4) 7

122

(
2557)

292 | .

 1 :
3 3
-
-
-
2
3
4
5
6
7

3 | 293

14

3.3.3.


(3.3.2.1)

(3.3.2.1-3.3.2.7)
294 | .

..
698-712
(.. 707-729)

(Bumbacher 2007: 221, 228)

3 | 295

10-11 ( )

(3.1.6)

(3.3.2.4)


(3.1.6 3.3.2.4)

296 | .





()

15
(Bhikkhu Dee)

3 | 297

3.4.

123

123

This far-reaching influence of Gandhra in ancient times is directly

attributable to its strategic location at the primary gateway to the Indian subcontinent, a location
that has enabled it to play, over and over throughout the history, the role of a crossroads and
melting pot of cultures. (Salomon 1999: 4)

298 | .

5 ( .. 450
) 18-19
4

6
11
11
3 | 299

- 4

-
-
- 5 5
- 4

-
-
-

-
-

6
18


20
300 | .

-
()
-
-
-
-
-
10
2 8

3 | 301

302 | .

4 | 303

5
304 | .

10-16 ( 5-10)

4 | 305

..

( )

306 | .

 16 1

.
4 | 307

4.1.

( 2.4)

308 | .

4.1.1. 3

.. 20924

3
4

(
2557) ( 2557)
48 x 33 x 4.5
9
4
5

(2557)
4 | 309

17 ( 54) 5

.. 2499 (George Cds)

(Cds 1956)

310 | .

4.1.1.1. 2

2

.

30 26
4 (
4.1.1.2)

1

6 (.. 1/437-8 .)
6

1 437
() (. .
. )

4 | 311

7 (.. 1/289)
8
(PTS)

9 (Walleser 1973: 326, n. 10)

(
)


3
5


(Buddhassana Society

2008: 252, n. 2)

3 1
(India Office Library) (British Library)

312 | .




.




1







:

4 | 313

10

( 3.3.2)

10

()

314 | .


( 4.2.1.1)



(.. 20/179/39)

(. 285)
4 | 315

?
? ... ...
?
...


(. 376)








(Crosby 2000: 142)
316 | .





-
-
-
-
-

4.1.1.2. 11

.
.. 2504 3 (
2508: 99-103)
2556

11

( 2557)
4 | 317

12 16
24

18

2
14 ()
12

( 2546: 33)

24

318 | .

13

(Cds 1956)

( 2557)14
.

() (4.1.1.3)

14

()

13

4 | 319

()

320 | .

5 () 5
4
10
4

4 | 321

15
2


10
16
10
10

17



(D 3/55 CS)
16
10 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
( 2542: )
(. 1.1)
17
( 1.2)
15

322 | .

.

4
5
(..
29/51/54, .. 29/727/443, .. 30/492/236, .. 30/556/274)
5

(.. 190)
2
5
(. . 3/1, .. 61)
4 | 323

2
5
(.. 113, .. 1/86, .. 365)


( 1.4-1.5;
Cds 1956: 260)

( 2.3-2.5;
Cds 1956: 268)

5

324 | .

 3 5
2

18


()


(.. 113, .. 365)
5



19

5 (.. 2/259, . 401)
19
(.. 19/1295/390, .. 31/631/552)
18

4 | 325

- 4

-

(.. 90) (.. 246)
(.. 13)
20
20

18

326 | .



4




4
(. 326)






(. 325)

4 | 327

5


(. 727)
9
()

5




328 | .


(. 755)

.


21




4
8
8 8 4

21

(. 2.2-4)
4 | 329

8
(. 629)

-, -
, -, -
8

(. 256)

(. 534)

330 | .

4.1.1.3. 22

( 2.4)

22

( 2557)
4 | 331

19
( )

( 8.1-4)




332 | .

4.1.1.4. 23

1
24

5 25 26


( 2557)
53-54 2
25
5
(. 3.11-3.12)
26
(. 54.3-54.11)
( 2557)
23
24

4 | 333

27









28

27
28

( 2557)



(.. 15/865/322)

334 | .



29

30

4.1.1.5. 31

(Bizot
1992) .. 2461

(Bizot 1992, 297-299)

(.. 26/348/326)
30


(.. 26/321-2)
31
( 2557)
29

4 | 335

4.1.1.6. 32

( 90-100)

32

( 2557)

336 | .



33
()






4 4 4 5 5 7
8






33

(Bernon

2006 : 53)

4 | 337

(.. 22/297/351)
34

(.. 33/178 .)

35

34
35

( 2557)






(.. 33/3/11)

338 | .










(. 472)




?


... (. 44)

?
4 | 339

...
?


...



(. 313-4)



.. 2487

4.1.1.7.

340 | .

(
)

..
2092

(.24)

( /

4 | 341

()

( )

()

(, )

342 | .

4 | 343

( 2.3.1)

344 | .

 3

21
4.1.2.

4.1.2.1. 36

4
4
37
32 2-2938
( 2557)




(1) ( 2557)

4

38

()
(,
)
36
37

4 | 345

30-31
8 39

4
40

40


1) (Maha Pirit Pota) (Devundara 1983)

2) ( 2524)

3) (6863/2/1)

4) (1298/1)

( 2557)
39

346 | .

 4 | 347

20

4



3
(KhpA.232)

(AA.V.329)

(AA.II.20-21) 8




11 41 1
41

.. 1697 (.. 1154) 2-3
(Bode 1966:
16-17)

348 | .

-42

10-16 ( 5-10)

(
2-11) 11

42

-
(von Hinber 1996: 157)
Parakramabhu-Katikvata .. 1708 (.. 1165)
.. 1608 (.. 1065)
(Malalasekera 1994: 76-77) -
.
(Mller 1883: 86-87)
11-13 ( 6-7)
4 | 349

:
()

2

1.

2.

350 | .

 (Ap.II.532)
:

[]

4 | 351

(. 796)

43

43

(Ap.I.168)

(.. 11/55/92)

352 | .

[] 3 6

[]

3 6

4
...



4 | 353

(. 194-195)





5







(.755)





354 | .

10-16

4.1.2.2. 44

(4.1.1.4)




(. 18[2].5)45
44
45

( 2557)
2 17 18
17 18 17-18 1
12-13 18[2].5 18 2 5
4 | 355

(4.1.1.5)
46

4.1.3.


46

...

356 | .


47

21 .. 2388

( -)

.. 1950
.. 1944-1989 (Urkasame 2013:
292)
47

( 2557)
4 | 357

272


256

48



( 255-6)
:
49



48
49

.. 2540.

358 | .





(4.1.1.3)

4.1.4.

2

10-16

(4.1.2.1)

4 | 359

20

20 (4.1.3)

21

1

( )

360 | .

4.2.

4 | 361

4.2.1.

4.2.1.1. 50

29
83 75

50

( 2557)

362 | .



(.. 14/280/317)
6

(.. 14/398-401/502-3)51

() (.. 26/348/326)
(.. 15/865/322)
(.. 26/342/321-2)
(.. 29/12/7)

(.. 20/179/39)



(.. 20/179/39)

51

6


6 6

(A.II.393 CS)
4 | 363

(.. 32/23/98)







80 1,000



364 | .



4 8 6

(.. 32/23/99)
















4 | 365

(..
22/281/317)
.



5

5




...
(.. 11/411/295)


366 | .


3
1.

(.. 33/178 .)
2.

(.. 50/323-4 .)
3.


4 | 367

(.. 33/71/99)

3
(.. 32/327/400)
3

.


368 | .






6
(.. 18/344/244)


(.. 14/346/236)


(.. 9/127/98)

4 | 369

52




(.. 14/347/237)
:

52

(.. 12/431/458-9)

370 | .

...



... (.. 686-7)
...




... (.. 160)
.




...
(.. 30/288 .)

(.. 33/178 .)
4 | 371

(.. 26/306/303)

(.. 30/624/301)






372 | .

 (..
30/625/301-2)




(.
. 33/174/387)



53





53

(.. 26/421/445; .. 26/456/463)
4 | 373

54



55

,
,
(.. 35)
55


54

374 | .

 4.2.1.2. 56

(D.III.250; A.III.284)

10 2
11 257
3-11




58
( 2557)

57




(2)

58

(D.I.49; D.II.93; D.III.5; M.I.37; S.II.69; S.IV.271; S.V.197;
56

A.III.285)

( 2557)
4 | 375

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(6)

376 | .

(7)

(7)

(8)

(10)

(8)

4 | 377

(Vin.I.1; Sn.103)
:

(9)

2
378 | .



( 4.1.1.2)

59

11-16

4.2.1.3. 60

(4.1.1.4)
2

(
2557)
60
( 2557)
59

4 | 379

3 (. 17[1].8-19.3)

1.
( 4.2.3.2 )
2. 3
3. 3
4.

5. 3

6.

( 4)

50

380 | .




(4.2.1.1)

8
8

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4 | 381

()
(. 52.11)
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22
( )

382 | .

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( 2525: 23)
4.2.2. 61

3
( 12-16) ( 17-22)
( 23-29) 62


(
2557)
62
(
2557)
61

4 | 383

32

384 | .

4
8

4

( 4.2.1.1)
(.. 13/730/664-5, .. 31/574-587/482-497)
(.. 10/277/330-1)
(..
14/527/265, . . 15/415/148) (.. 25/30/51)

4 | 385

(. 225,
3.1.6 4 )

4.2.3. 63

63

(
2557) ( 2557)

386 | .

 25 (Crosby 2000:141)

-

23

40 (Bizot)

(indigenous uniqueness)

4 | 387

(Bizot 1976; McDaneil 2011)

20 (Lagirarde 1993)



(Crosby)


(Crosby et.al., 2012)

388 | .

4.2.3.1. 64

1.

(. 1.2-1.6)
2.



(. 1.1-1.9)
64

( 2557)
4 | 389

3. 2 ()
( )


3 65
7 11 18 66
65
66

3

18 ()
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
14. 15. 16. 17.
18. (.. 31/48/30-1)
18

18 18 7
7 18
(A.I.75) 7 7
11
18 18

-
(A.I.75)

390 | .

 (. 1.10-2.2)
5.
67




(. 2.2-2.6)
6.

(. 2.7-2.9)
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7.
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5
4 5 8
(. 3.2-3.5)
67

4 | 391

(. 4.7-4.9, 5.3-5.5)
(. 13.11)
5
84,000 (. 0/2)


5

4.2.3.2.

1. 5 8 10
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5
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392 | .



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5. (. 9.7-10.2)
(. 10.2-11.2)
6.
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(. 11.1012.10)
(. 12.10-13.5)

4.2.3.3. 68

68

( 2557)
4 | 393

( 4.2.3.4)
40

5 (. 12.4-9)
84,000 (. 0/2)


50

(4.2.1.3)

... (. 22.8)

394 | .

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(.
22.12)

(. 27.8)


(. 32.9)
()
32

33 32

(. 42.5)


(. 43.11)
(. 45.13)

4 | 395

(. 49.5)

4.2.3.4. 69

2 11
15

7 11
15
11

15

1. 5

1. 5

2. 6

2. 6

69

(
2557)

396 | .

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15

3. 2

3. 2

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4. 8

5. 10

5. 2

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6. 10

7. 10

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8. 8

8. 4

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9. 10

10. 4

11.

11. 5

11. 21
12. 12
13. 10
14. 4
15. 5

11 15
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4 | 397

70 5 5

24
70

398 | .

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5 (. 24.7)
71
72




...

(. 1/1)
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(
2557)
72
(
2557)
71

4 | 399

(. 25.14)



(. 33.1)
4 5
8
4

4.2.3.6.

400 | .


73
(theme)
( 2.1, 13.1)
(Bizot 1994, 1992, 1981, 1976; Bizot & Lagirarde 1996)

()

73

,
(. 4/2-5/1)
4 | 401

(. 4.2)



(
. 4.3-4.4)
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(. 4.5-5.1)

402 | .










(. 5.2-5.5)

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(. 6.4)
4 | 403

(. 9.2)

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14
404 | .

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(. 2.40.1)


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(. 2.5.2, 8.1, 13.4, 14.4,16.3)
32
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4.2.3.7.

4 | 405

.


( 4.2.3.3)
---


3 1.
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(. 40.4)

406 | .



( 4.2.1.1; .
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(. 16)
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(. 925)

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(.. 927)




4 | 407

... ?
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( 4.2.1.3)


(. 21.1)

(. 19.1)

408 | .



(.
925)


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74

74

(.. 21/41/57-8)
4 | 409

.





(.. 12/510/549; .. 18/564/362)

2
475
(.. 31/222/145)

75

4


(.. 24/20/33)

410 | .





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76

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78

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76
77

4 | 411

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5

412 | .


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4 | 413

(. 666)









414 | .












(. 200-201)

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2461
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4 | 415

1.
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416 | .

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5
418 | .

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424 | .



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(.. 200)
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4.2.4.

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428 | .

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( 2479: 166)

430 | .

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4.3.1.1. 89

88
89

( 2557)
( 2557)
( 2557)
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4 () 6 ()
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(. 1.43.1-1.45.4 )90

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( 2557)
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432 | .


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92

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93

( 2557)

434 | .




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6.2)

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4 | 435

94


(Zimmermann 2002:
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94
95

( 2557)

436 | .







(. 20)

4.3.1.3. 96

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96

( 2557)
4 | 437

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(. 87)

97

97

438 | .



(..
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(
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4.3.1.4.

(recognize)

98

( 2557)
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(
7.1-8.1)

440 | .

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4 | 441

(. 301)

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99

99

(DhSA 242), (DhSA

242), (DhSA 242), (DhSA
242)

442 | .

4.3.1.5. 100

4
4 ( 4.3.1.4)

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( 8.1-3)

102

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(
2557)
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( 2557)
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4 | 443

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444 | .




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4 | 445

4.3.1.6. 103

(.
2.38.4)
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(
2557)

446 | .







(. 87)

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(. 53.2)

( 4.3.1.5)
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448 | .

4.3.1.7. 104

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( 2557)
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106

450 | .

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(. 910-1)

452 | .

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( 57.1)


... ( 1.48.4 )
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( 2557)
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(
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108

( 2557)

454 | .





(. 36)

4 | 455

4.3.2.2. -109

(. 72)

109

( 2557)

456 | .





110

111112

113

114



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114
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110
111

4 | 457

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(extinct)

115





115

458 | .

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(. 56.1)







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50
(. 173)

(methodology)

4 | 459

4.3.2.3. 116

117

118

119
120

(. 2.37.4)

(.
6.1)

( 2557)
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: ++
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116
117

460 | .



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(. 69)

(. 72)

462 | .

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(. 15.4)

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(. 16.4)




(. 386)
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( 2557)
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123

4 | 463

5 5

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(. 867)

(. 72)
(. 285)



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4 | 467

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( 53.3)
468 | .

(. 3.5.3)
4 | 469

125 (. 16.3)


(. 1.4)



(. 12.4)

4.3.2.5. 126

8 11

126
( 2557)
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470 | .

8
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4 | 471

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4.3.3.

4.3.3.1. - -127

128


(. 20.3)
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128

( 2557)
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474 | .

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4 | 475

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(. 1.26.3)


130

()

129

129
130

( 2557)
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476 | .

....(.. 22/333/451)

(. 407)

4 | 477

4.3.3.2. 131

(. 1.44.1)

131

( 2557)

478 | .







(. 32)

()
()

132

132

,
(MA.IV.172)
4 | 479

4.4.

(4.3.1.2)



(4.3.1.1)

(4.3.2.2)
(4.3.1.4-4.3.1.6)


(4.3.1.2)
480 | .

 (4.3.2.4)

(4.3.3.2)
(4.3.3.1)






(4.2.3.7.-)
(4.3.1.44.3.1.6)

(4.2.3.7.)

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4 | 481

(4.2.3.7.)

7 (
2
)

482 | .

7 8

4 | 483

20
133

10-16 134

21


133
134

( 2557)
( 2557)

484 | .

2
3





135

135

4 | 485

( )

486 | .

5 | 487

3 4
2 ( 2.4)
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( 1.5.)

5.1.

3
4

5.2.

488 | .





( 3 4)

6-18


10-25





5 | 489

5.2.1.

(manuscripts)

( 3.1.4, 3.1.5, 3.1.8)

( 3.1.3)
490 | .

5.2.2. :

5.2.2.1.

( 4.3.1.2)
5 | 491

-










(.. 20/50-3/11-2)

492 | .





( 3.2.4.1)

(Zimmermann 2011)


- ()
- ()
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5 | 493

(Zimmermann 2011)

5.2.2.2.

(4.2.3.1)

(3.1.3)
(3.1.8)

494 | .


(3.2.4.2)

(.. 12/315/314, .. 23/238/430-434)

5.2.2.3.

(4.3.2.4)

(4.1.1.1.)



(3.3.2.1, 3.3.2.2)

5 | 495

(4.2.1.1)

5.2.2.4.

3
. 5
5
5 (3.1.5) 4 1
(3.1.6)
(3.1.7)
1

4 () (
) ()
( )

496 | .

 5
5


5 (4.3.1.1)
(4.2.2)

52 (.. 22/62/91)
9 10
5


(3.3.2.1, 3.3.2.2)
.

4
(3.1.2)

(3.3.1, 3.3.2.3) (3.3.2.1-3.3.2.2, 3.3.2.4-3.3.2.7)
2

5 ( 5 ) ( 5 )

5 | 497

4 (.. 11/238/237)

(4.3.2.2)
(4.2.1.2, 4.2.2)
(4.2.1.3, 4.2.3)
.


(3.1.4) 5

(.. 16/68/35)




4
(4.3.1.1, 4.3.1.4,
4.3.1.6)

498 | .



( 3.3.2.1,
3.3.2.2, 3.3.2.4, 3.2.5.1)
(Skilton 2002 : 137)

5.2.2.5.

(3.1.1)
(.. 21/36/48-50)

(..
11/55/92)
5 | 499

()


()




(3.2.1.1-3.2.1.3)
(3.2.1.4)

5.2.2.6.


500 | .


(3.2.5.2)

(3.2.5.1)

(4.1.1.2.-)

(.. 32/2/20)

(4.1.2.1.)
5.2.2.7.



5 | 501

1.



5-6 8-9
3
2.


24
5
3.


3

21-25
10-16
3

( 2557)
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7-8

502 | .

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18-19
5



4
4

5.2.3. : ?


5 | 503

5.2.3.1.

7-8

(3.1.9)
(3.2.5.2)

5.2.3.2.


504 | .

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(3.2.1.5)

( 5.2.1 3.1.9)


( 3.2.1.5)

5 | 505

5.3.

2
1.

2.

5.2
5.2.1

5.2.2

506 | .

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(3.2.1)

5 | 507

(
8 4.4)

2 4

5.3.2.

5.3.2.1.

( 2.2.1)
508 | .

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1.
2. (
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3.

4.
5.
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4. 7

5.3.2.2.

( 2.2.2)
.
6
1.
5 | 509

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
.
6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
510 | .

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16.
17.
18
6
()
5.3.2.3.

(5.3.2.1.)
( 4.2.3.2)

( 2479 : 251)
(5.3.2.1.)
(
2479 : 325)
( 4.2.3.7.)

( 4.2.3.7.) 7

( 2479 : 368, 384-6)

5 | 511

7


(4.2.1.1.)



7 (5.3.2.2)
7

5.3.3. 7

1. 7

2. (5.3.2.2)

512 | .





5.3.3.1. 7

7


( 3.3.1)

5.3.3.2.

( 4.2.1.1.)


5 | 513

5.3.3.3.

10

2-6

4 4
(.. 19/799/240)

5

(.. 11/252/187)

328

... ( 2.4.4;
2479: 328)

514 | .

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3

1
2-5

-
( 4.3.1.6)
-
( 5.3.3.4)

-
(..36/541/143)
-

( 3.2.6)

5 | 515

( 5.3.3.4)


( 2.2.1)
516 | .

5.3.3.4. () :

2 4

( 4)

()




4

Jantrasrisalai 2008 : 182-8, 205-211
5 | 517

() (.. 9/132/102)

( )

(.. 9/132/102-3)



518 | .

 (.. 13/348/334)

(MA.III.260)

5.3.4.

1.
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2.

5 | 519

3.

5.4.

( )

520 | .

5 | 521

. (2557). . :
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58-101.
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.

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