DESIGNED BY - SHIVENDRA KUMAR

CHECKED BY - CHETAN AGRAWAL

Design Of Retaining Wall

* All dimensions are in m unless specified
0.50

11.00
Water Side

Earth Side

4.03
1.97

1.50
8.00

14.00
Condition 1 : No water inside power channel, Earth fill outside

Properties
Unit wt. of soil(e), considering it to be saturated
Angle of internal friction of soil()

=
=

Unit wt. of concrete

25.00 KN/m3

Safe Bearing Capacity of soil(SBC)

407.00 KN/m2

Unit wt. of water,w

Coefficient of friction,m
Factor of safety against overturning
Factor of safety against Sliding(For earthquake case)
Factor of safety against Sliding(For non earthquake case)
Loads
Weights
Load
Value(KN)
W1
975.99
W2
201.71
W3
137.50
W5
525.00
TOTAL
1840.20
Earth pressure(Static & Dynamic)
(Ref. Clause 8.1 of IS:1893-1984)

=
=
=
=
=

10.00 KN/m3
0.70
1.40
1.20
1.40

h
v

=
=
=
=

22.00 KN/m3
35.00 degree

Horizontal Seimic Coefficient.

Vertical seismic coefficient equal to h/2
Angle of internal friction of soil
tan-1[(h)/(1v)]
1 of 32

Angle which earth face of the wall makes with the vertical

2 of 32

=
=

F
b

=
=

Slope of earth fill

Angle of friction between the wall and earthfill
(wall friction angle,should be taken 2/3 of of IRC-78pp79)
factor which is a function of geometry
Thickness of wall

(1 v) * cos2 ( - - )

=
Ca

cos * cos2 * cos( + + )

1 +

1.00
sin ( + ) sin ( - - )
cos ( - ) cos ( + + )

1 +

1.00
sin ( + ) sin ( - - )
cos ( - ) cos ( + )

Putting h = 0, v = 0 and =0
=

T
Sa/g
h

v = 2h/3

=
=
=
=
=

=tan 1

=
=
=

(1 ) * cos2 ( -)
1 * cos2 * cos( + )

Ca'

h
=
1 v

0.20
3.00
0.16
35.00 degrees
0.10
8.00 or

(From Software calculation)

( Ref. fig. 5 of earthquake report for 0.2 sec natural period)
( Ref. clause 5.4.3 of earthquake report)

9.81 degrees

7.60 degrees
23.33 degrees
0.00 degrees

Calculation of Active Coefficients

TOTAL

STATIC

(1 + v) * cos2 ( - - )

1.00

0.79

(1 - v) * cos2 ( - - )

0.81

0.79

cos * cos2 * cos( + + )

0.73

0.84

sin ( + ) sin ( - - )

0.36

0.49

cos ( - ) cos ( + + )

0.75

0.85

0.48

0.30

0.17

(1 v) * cos2 ( - - )

Total Ca
Castatic
Coefficient for dynamic earth pressure increment,Cadynamic = Ca - Ca'
Maximum static earth pressure =

(1/2)*e*h*Castatic

33.29 KN/m2

Dynamic earth pressure

(1/2)*e*h*Cadynamic

18.70 KN/m2

Load due to static earth pressure(Sepr) =

33.29*11.00

Load due to dynamic earth pressure(Depr) =

18.70*11.00

acting at a distance 1/3 of height from bottom

=
187.00 KN

332.95 KN

acting at a distance 1/2 of height from bottom

3 of 32

Vehicle surcharge
Equivalent to soil surcharge of height,he

0.00 m

Pressure due to vehicle surcharge,Pvs =

castatic*e*he

0.00 KN/m2

Load due to vehicle surcharge(Wv) =

Pvs * h

0.00 KN

acting at a distance 1/2 of height from bottom

Lateral Inertia seimic load of wall
Load
SLW2
SLW3
SLW5

Cooresponding weight(KN)
201.71
137.50
525.00

Seimic Load value (KN)

31.27
21.31
81.38

Cooresponding weight(KN)
201.71
137.50
525.00

Seimic Load value (KN)

-20.84
-14.21
-54.25

Cooresponding weight(KN)
975.99

Seimic Load value (KN)

-100.85

Vertical Inertia seimic load of wall

Load
SVW2
SVW3
SVW5
Vertical Inertia seimic load of Soil
Load
SVW1

Stability against Overturning

a) Without earthquake case
Resultant of vertical forces

Load
W1
W2
W3
W5
Total Wt.

Moment about
Value(KN)
CG from B(m) B(KNm)
975.99
11.98
11695.73
201.71
8.99
1813.19
137.50
8.25
1134.38
525.00
7.00
3675.00
1840.20
18318.30

CG of resultant from B

9.95 m

Overturning Moment due to static earth pressure + Vehicle surcharge,Mo

Resisting Moment,Mr
FOS = Mr/Mo

=
=
=

1720.24 KNm
18318.30 KNm
10.65
>1.4 OK

=
=
=

3401.00 KNm
17633.96 KNm
5.18
>1.4 OK

b) With earthquake case

Load
SLW2
SLW3
SLW5
SVW2
SVW3
SVW5
Depr
Total Wt.

Value(KN)
31.27
21.31
81.38
-20.84
-14.21
-54.25
187.00
97.70

CG from B(m)
5.17
7.00
0.75
8.99
8.25
7.00
7.00

Moment about
B(KNm)
161.54
149.19
61.03
-187.36
-117.22
-379.75
1309.00
624.67

Overturning moment due to Lateral seimic loads,earth pressure and vehicle

surcharge,Mo =1,720.24+(31.27x5.17+21.31x7.00+81.38x0.75)+187.00x7.00
Resisting moment,Mr =18,318.30+-20.84x8.99+-14.21x8.25+-54.25x7.00
FOS = Mr/Mo

4 of 32

Stability against Sliding

a) Without earthquake case
Sliding Force,Fs
Resisiting Force = mR
FOS = R/Fs

=
=
=

332.95 KN
1288.52 KN
3.87
>1.4 OK

Sliding Force,Fs
Resisiting Force = mR
FOS = R/Fs

=
=
=

653.90 KN
1225.99 KN
1.87
>1.2 OK

b) With earthquake case

Base Pressure Calculation

Mv = moment due to vertical forces
Mh = moment due to horizontal forces
R = Vertical Reaction
e = Eccentrcity of resultant force from centre of foorting
Pressure, P = ((R/L) x (1 +- 6e/L))
a) Without earthquake case
Distance of resultant from B, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R
(18318.30- (332.95 X (11.00/3 + 1.50) + 0.00 X (11.00 /2 + 1.50) ) ) / 1840.20

e = Lr - L/2

Pressure at A

245.22 KN/m2

<SBC,OK

Pressure at B

17.67 KN/m2

<SBC,OK

9.02 m
2.02 m

Towards A from centre of f

STEM
Sepr =

332.95
h/3

HEEL

TOE

C
A

B
147.70

245.22

179.67

17.67

b) With earthquake case

Distance of resultant from B, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R

e = Lr - L/2

Pressure at A

185.58 KN/m2

<SBC,OK

Pressure at B

64.55 KN/m2

<SBC,OK

Depr + Wv

Sepr =

8.13 m
1.13 m

Towards A from centre of f

STEM

187.00
332.95

h/2
h/3
A

HEEL

C
D

TOE

###
185.58

150.71

64.55

5 of 32

6 of 32

Design
a) Bending Moment and Shear stress Calculations
* -ve load indicates downward load
* Deductions are due to selfweight and soil weight
* Lever arm distance is the distance of CG of load to the point about which moment is considered
* Shear stress calculated at a distance d from face of concrete

Component
Heel Slab
Toe slab
Stem

Load due to earth

bottom
pressure(KN)
678.12
793.05

Load
Point about
Deduction(KN
which mom. Is
)
Net Load(KN)
taken
1127.22
-449.10
About C
300.00
493.05
About D

Depr + Wv
Sepr

187.00
332.95

Lever arm
distance(m)
2.09
3.53

About C
About C
Total for stem

5.50
3.67
=

b) Reinforcement Calculations
M
Fe

Grade of concrete used

Grade of Steel used

25
415

Reinforcement for stem earth side

Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm2

N/mm2

3373.97
Provide

T32

988.92017931
@ 180 c/c

1917

0.28

Mu/bd2

pt
%

0.33 0.9181156

0.23

4468.04 mm2
Reinforcement for Heel Slab
Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm

1405.36
Provide

T20

638.2402113
@ 170 c/c

c
2

1450 0.24791

N/mm

Mu/bd2
2

0.29

0.668423

pt
%
0.127

1848.00 mm2
Reinforcement for Toe Slab
Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm2

N/mm2

2614.32
Provide

T32

870.5018151
@ 205 c/c

1450 0.34595

Mu/bd2

0.37 1.2434332

pt
%
0.27

3923.16 mm2

7 of 32

8 of 32

9 of 32

2.00
1/2

cos ( + + )

2.00
1/2

ht from bottom

ht from bottom

10 of 32

ht from bottom

11 of 32

Towards A from centre of footing

Towards A from centre of footing

12 of 32

13 of 32

Shear
Moment( Stress(N/
KNm)
mm2)
936.91
0.21
1742.88
0.29
1028.50
1220.82
2249.32

0.23

main Astr
mm2
4409.1

main Astr
mm2
1841.5

main Astr
mm2
3915

14 of 32

DESIGNED BY -

SHIVENDRA KUMAR

CHECKED BY

Design Of Retaining Wall

* All dimensions are in m unless specified
0.50
HFL
11.00
Water Side

Earth Side

7.95

3.50
2.00

1.50
6.00

11.50
Condition 2 : Water inside power channel, No Earth outside

Properties
Unit wt. of soil(e)
Angle of internal friction of soil()

=
=

22.00 KN/m3
35.00 degree

Unit wt. of concrete

25.00 KN/m3

Safe Bearing Capacity of soil(SBC)

Unit wt. of water,w

407.00 KN/m2

=
=
=
=
=

10.00 KN/m3
0.70
1.40
1.20
1.40

Coefficient of friction,m
Factor of safety against overturning
Factor of safety against Sliding(For earthquake case)
Factor of safety against Sliding(For non earthquake case)
Loads
Selfweight
Load
Value(KN)
W2
206.25
W3
137.50
W4
660.00
W5
431.25
Water pressure(Static & Dynamic)
(Ref. Clause 7.2 of IS:1893-1984 for Hydrodynamic pressure)
h
=
Horizontal Seimic Coefficient.
v
Vertical seismic coefficient equal to 2h/3
=
T
=
0.20
Sa/g
=
3.00
( Ref. fig. 5 of earthquake report for 0.2 sec natural period)
h
=
0.16
( Ref. clause 5.4.3 of earthquake report)

15 of 32

The Hydrodynamic Pressure

p=C S h wh
The Coefficient varies with shape and depth

( (

Cm y
y
C S=
2
+
2 h
h
w=
h=
Cm =

10.00 KN/m3
7.95 m

y
y
2
h
h

))

0.75 for vertical face of wall

h =

0.16

v =

0.10

Element
Height
7.95

Cm Coefficient Calculated from Fig:10

of IS:1893-1984
y Depth of water from surface

Depth from
surface, y
7.95

Cs

p(KN/m2)

0.75

9.24
w*h

Maximum static Water pressure =

Hydrodynamic pressure at base
Load due to static water pressure(Swpr) =

0.5 x79.50 x 7.95

Load due to Hydrodynamic pressure(Dwpr) =

2/3 x 9.24 x 7.95

79.50 KN/m2

9.24 KN/m2

316.01 KN

acting at a distance 1/3 of height from bottom

=

48.98 KN

acting at a distance 0.4h of height from bottom

Lateral Inertia seimic load
Load
SLW2
SLW3
SLW5

Cooresponding weight(KN)
206.25
137.50
431.25

Seimic Load value (KN)

31.97
21.31
66.84

Cooresponding weight(KN)
206.25
137.50
431.25

Seimic Load value (KN)

-21.31
-14.21
-44.56

Vertical Inertia seimic load

Load
SVW2
SVW3
SVW5
Stability against Overturning
a) Without earthquake case
Resultant of vertical forces

Load
W2
W3
W4
W5
Total Wt.

Value(KN)
206.25
137.50
660.00
431.25
1435.00

Moment about
CG from A(m) A(KNm)
4.50
928.13
5.25
721.88
8.50
5610.00
5.75
2479.69
9739.69

CG of resultant from A

Overturning Moment due to static water pressure

Resisting Moment
FOS

=
=
=

6.79 m
1311.45 KNm
9739.69 KNm
7.43
>1.4 OK

16 of 32

b) With earthquake case

Load
SLW2
SLW3
SLW5
SVW2
SVW3
SVW5
Dwpr

Value(KN)
31.97
21.31
66.84
-21.31
-14.21
-44.56
48.98

CG from A(m)
5.17
7.00
0.75
4.50
5.25
5.75
4.68

Moment about
A(KNm)
165.17
149.19
50.13
-95.91
-74.59
-256.23
229.24

Overturning moment due to Lateral seimic loads and water pressure

Resisting moment
FOS

=
=
=

1905.18 KNm
9312.95 KNm
4.89
>1.4 OK

Sliding Force,Fs
Resisiting Force = mR
FOS = R/Fs

=
=
=

316.01 KN
1004.80 KN
3.18
>1.4 OK

Sliding Force,Fs
Resisiting Force = mR
FOS = R/Fs

=
=
=

485.12 KN
948.72 KN
1.96
>1.2 OK

Stability against Sliding

a) Without earthquake case

b) With earthquake case

Base Pressure Calculation

Mv = moment due to vertical forces
Mh = moment due to horizontal forces
R = Vertical Reaction
e = Eccentrcity of resultant force from centre of foorting
Pressure, P = ((R/L) x (1 +- 6e/L))
a) Without earthquake case
Distance of resultant from A, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R
Lr

5.87 m

e = Lr - L/2

Pressure at B

132.81 KN/m2

Pressure at A

116.75 KN/m2

Swpr =

316.01

0.12 m

STEM

HEEL

TOE h/3

C
A

B
124.43

116.75

121.64

132.81

17 of 32

b) With earthquake case

Distance of resultant from A, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R
Lr

e = Lr - L/2

Pressure at B

100.44 KN/m2

Pressure at A

135.19 KN/m2

5.47 m
-0.28 m

STEM
Dwpr=

48.98
316.01

Swpr =
0.4h h/3
HEEL

C
A

135.19

D
118.57

124.62

TOE

100.44

Design
a) Bending Moment and Shear stress Calculations
* -ve load indicates downward load
* Deductions are due to selfweight and weight of water
* Lever arm distance is the distance of CG of load to the point about which moment is considered
* Shear stress calculated at a distance d from face of concrete

Component
Heel Slab
Toe slab
Stem

Load due to earth Load

bottom
Deduction(KN
Point about which
pressure(KN)
)
Net Load(KN)
mom. Is taken
454.67
131.25
323.42
About C
657.05
702.00
-44.95
About D
Dwpr
Swpr

48.98
316.01

Lever arm
distance(m)
1.77
2.92

About C
About C
Total for stem

3.18
2.65

b) Reinforcement Calculations
M
Fe

Grade of concrete used

Grade of Steel used

25
415

Reinforcement for stem Water side

Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm2

N/mm2

1191.83
Provide

T32

587.757917114
@ 495 c/c

1909

0.17

Mu/bd2

0.29 0.3270425

1624.74 mm2
Reinforcement for Heel Slab
Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm2

N/mm2

688.40
Provide

T25

446.696201839
@ 345 c/c

1409 0.1646

Mu/bd2

0.29 0.3467541

1422.82 mm2
Reinforcement for Toe Slab

18 of 32

Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm2

N/mm2

157.35
Provide

T32

213.561867557
@ 950 c/c

1409 0.0293

Mu/bd2

0.29 0.0792583

846.58 mm2

19 of 32

b) Permissible stresses
Material

Permissible
stresses
N/mm2

Grade

Remarks
In compression (bending Ref.

Concrete

25.00

8.50 Table21 IS456)

Concrete

25.00

6.00 Table21 IS456)

In compression(direct Ref.

Away from Liquid retaining

Steel

415.00

190.00 face(Table2 IS3370(part2))

Steel

415.00

150.00 face(Table2 IS3370(part2))

near to Liquid retaining

Concrete

25.00

Resistance to cracking(tension
due to bending) :table 1
1.80 ,IS3370(II)

Concrete

25.00

1.30 tension ) :table 1 ,IS3370(II)

Resistance to cracking( Direct

c) Material Properties

cb
st
Modular ratio = 280/3cb
N = 1 / (1+ st/mcb)
j = 1- N/3

=
=
=
=
=

8.50 N/mm2
150.00 N/mm2
10.98
0.38
0.87

20 of 32

d) Heel slab Design

Max. Bending Moment
Overall Depth required,D =
Depth Provided
Dia. Of rebar
Clear Cover
Effective depth,d
Ast req =
Provide

sqrt(6.M/cb.b) =

M/(st.j.d)
32.00

=
=
=
=
=
=

636.35
1500.00
32.00
75.00
1409.00

573.67 kN-m

3112.22 mm2 per mr

=
=
=
=

3153.91 mm2 per mr

0.22
0.14 N/mm2
0.20 N/mm2

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

255.00 bottom steel

Ast prov =
100Ast/bd =
Shear stress at a distance d
Permissible shear stress

OK
e) Toe slab Design
Max. Bending Moment
Overall Depth required,D =
Depth Provided
Dia. Of rebar
Clear Cover
Effective depth,d
Ast req =
Provide

=
=
=
=
=
=

sqrt(6.M/cb.b) =

M/(st.j.d)
32.00

131.12 kN-m

304.23
1500.00
32.00
75.00
1409.00

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

711.37 mm2 per mr

=
=
=
=

711.72 mm2 per mr

0.05
0.02 N/mm2
0.19 N/mm2

1130.00

Ast prov =
100Ast/bd =
Shear stress at a distance d
Permissible shear stress

OK
f) Stem Design
Max. Bending Moment
Overall Depth required,D =
Depth Provided
Dia. Of rebar
Clear Cover
Effective depth,d
Ast req =
Provide

sqrt(6.M/cb.b) =

M/(st.j.d)
32.00

=
=
=
=
=
=

837.30
2000.00
32.00
75.00
1909.00

993.20 kN-m

3976.93 mm2 per mr

=
=
=
=

4021.24 mm2 per mr

0.21
0.15 N/mm2
0.20 N/mm2

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

200.00

Ast prov =
100Ast/bd =
Shear stress at a distance d
Permissible shear stress

OK
Check For Crack width in STEM
( Ref. Pillai andn Menon: Page-369)

Permissible Bening Compressive Stress in Concrete

8.50

N/sq.mm.

(Ref: IS 456:2000, table 21, page 81)

Since we are considering stresses due to Earthquake , the stresses specified above has been exceeded upto a limit of 33.333 percent.
(Ref: IS 456:2000, Section B-2.3, page 80)
=>

2000.00 mm

10.98

1000.00 mm

1909.00 mm

Ast

4021.24 sq.mm

Asc

7311.34 sq.mm

d'

91.00 mm.

Clear Cover

75.00 mm

Spacing

200.00 mm

0.21

21 of 32

p'

0.38

22 of 32

Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about NA

k=[m2 (p+1.5p)2+2m(p+1.5p'd'/d)0.5-m(p+1.5p')]

0.30

=>

kd

568.92

Es

200000.00

fst

m * M(d-kd) / Icr

Icr

fst

Tensile Stress in Steel Under Service Load

Moment due to service Load

=>

993.20 KN.m
1.57E+11

mm4
92.88 Mpa.

Which is less than st = 230 Mpa

Crck width Calculation
m

(1/Es) * [(D-kd)/(d-kd)]*[ fst - {bt (D-kd)/(3*Ast)}]

=>

0.00

Cmin.

75.00 mm

acr

125.00 mm

wcr

(3*acr*m) / [1+{2*(acr-cmin) / (D-kd)}]

-0.05 mm.

As per IS 456:2000 Clause No. 35.3.2 Permissible Limit for cracking is 0.2 mm.

23 of 32

CHETAN AGRAWAL

natural period)

24 of 32

of height from bottom

h of height from bottom

d value (KN)
1.97
1.31
6.84

d value (KN)
1.31
4.21
4.56

25 of 32

Towards B from centre of footing

<SBC,OK
<SBC,OK

26 of 32

Towards A from centre of footing

<SBC,OK
<SBC,OK

Shear
Moment( Stress(N/
KNm)
mm2)
573.67
0.14
131.12
0.02

Lever arm
distance(m)
1.77
2.92
3.18
2.65

155.76
837.43
993.20

0.15

main Astr

pt
%

mm2

0.085

1622.65

main Astr

pt
%

mm2
0.1

1409

27 of 32

main Astr

pt
%

mm2
0.06

845.4

28 of 32

29 of 32

mm2 per mr
mm2 per mr

(Table 23, IS:456-2000)

mm2 per mr
mm2 per mr

(Table 23, IS:456-2000)

mm2 per mr
mm2 per mr

(Table 23, IS:456-2000)

for M25 grade

30 of 32

31 of 32

N/mm^2

d)]*[ fst - {bt (D-kd)/(3*Ast)}]

*(acr-cmin) / (D-kd)}]

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