CRUST AND

MANTLE

GROUP 4
• De Guzman, Franzeine B.
• Galendez, Ruby Antoinette G.
• Bitoon, Jessa Mae A.
• Recede, Janna Mikaela E.
• Mando, Anne Gabrielle B.
• Silva Jr., Remor T.
• Boque, Adams Carl C.
• Gargollo, Euanthony Christian M.
• Parantar, Vincent Dassie G.
• Llego, Lance Tyrone G.
RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Description: Description:

After putting the chocolate powder above
the surface of the milk, we observed that not
all chocolate powder mixed with the milk,
instead it only stayed above the surface. We
can observe that the surface is full of
chocolate powder and the milk remained
below it.
After heating the pan, we observed that the
chocolate powder melted, and hardened
afterwards. We also observed that the milk
on the side part of the pan rose above the
surface and mixed with some of the
chocolate powder. And there is a vent
developed in the middle of the surface

GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What do the hot plate represent? What is its role on crustal movements?
- A hot plate is a portable self-contained tabletop (small appliance cooktop) that features or
represents one or more electric heating elements or gas burners. It is often used as a substitute
for one of the burners from an oven range or a kitchen stove. A hot plate can also be also used
as a heat source that can uniformly heat solutions and materials.
 It represents the tremendous heat and pressure within the earth cause the hot magma to
flow in convection currents. These currents cause the movement of the tectonic plates that
make up the earth's crust.

2. What is the effect of the heated milk on the chocolate powder? What is the principle behind
this effect?
- Heated milk has an effect on the chocolate powder by changing or when it comes to its
physical characteristics. One thing that we observed and realized during and after the process
that chocolate can be safely melted with a small amount of liquid, such as milk, if they are placed
in the pan or bowl (at the same time). Cold liquids should never be added to melted chocolate,
as they can cause the chocolate to seize. Also, we saw that as the time goes by, the effect of
heated milk on the chocolate powder when combined creates bubbles: small and hollow balls
that were formed because of the air or gas in a liquid. We also noticed that the cocoa powder
slowly sinks to the bottom.
And this we think that the principle behind this effect is it is because of, or it was thru the
mantle convection. Mantle convection is the very slow creeping motion of Earth's solid silicate
mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior to the planet's surface.
Mantle convection is driven by a combination of three thermal processes, and they are heating
at the bottom caused by the heat loss from Earth’s core, heating due to radioactive decay and
cooling on the surface creating thick, cold lithospheric slabs denser than the mantle.

3. On what places on earth can you observe the results of the experiments? What processes
do they have in common?
- The place on earth we observe the results of the experiment is mantle. Convection currents
are identified in Earth's mantle. Heated mantle material is shown rising from deep inside the
mantle, while cooler mantle material sinks, creating a convection current. It is thought that this
type of current is responsible for the movements of the plates of Earth's crust. The processes
they have in common is heating.