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Activity: Chocolate Mantle Convection

Mantle convection describes the movement of the mantle as it transfers heat from the white-hot
core to the brittle lithosphere. The mantle is heated from below, cooled from above, and its
overall temperature decreases over long periods of time. All these elements contribute to mantle
convection.

Objective: To illustrate how heat works in the mantle.

Materials:
Choco powder (milo and the likes)
Water
Pan
Gas stove

Methodology
i. Put water in the pan. Sprinkle it with chocolate powder until the top is thickly covered with dry
powder.
ii. Slowly put it on the pan holder. Light the candle and place it under the center of the pan.
iii. Let it boil for a few minutes. Observe what happens.

Guide Questions:

Provide a picture and description of your set-up.

a.How is heat transferred in the activity? Give evidence for your answer.

b.Describe what happens to the powder when the water starts to boil. Explain why this occurs.

c.How does this activity relate to the formation of magma?