Linear Algebra and Numerical Methods Practical Programs by DK Mamonai

Linear Algebra and Numerical Methods
Madam Sania Qureshi
Madam Sania Qureshi
PRACTICAL# 1 : Program to find errors in functions

#include<constream.h>
#include<math.h>
#define f(x) sin(x)
#define df(x) cos(x)
void main()
{
clrscr();
float x,z,e,AE,RE,PE;
cout<<"\n\n Enter the value of x = ";
cin>>x;
z=f(x);
e=0.5*pow(10,-4);
RE=fabs(e*f(x)/df(x));
AE=RE*z;
PE=RE*100;
cout<<"\n\n The value of z is = "<<z;
cout<<"\n\n The Absolute error is = "<<AE;
cout<<"\n\n The Relative error is ="<<RE;
cout<<"\n\n The Percentage error is
= "<<PE<<"%";
getch();
}
OUTPUT
Madam Sania Qureshi
Madam Sania Qureshi
PRACTICAL# 2 :Program to find errors in powers and

roots
#include <constream.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
float x1,x2,x3,e1,e2,e3,z,AE,RE,PE;
cout<<"Enter the values of x1, x2 and x3 = ";
cin>>x1>>x2>>x3;
z=sqrt(x1*x2/x3);
e1=0.5*pow(10,-3);e2=0.5*pow(10,-2);e3=0.5*pow(10,-3);
RE=(0.5)*(e1/x1+e2/x2+e3/x3);
AE=RE*z;
PE=RE*100;
cout<<"\n\n The value of z is = "<<z;
cout<<"\n\n The Absolute error is = "<<AE;
cout<<"\n\n The Relative error is ="<<RE;
cout<<"\n\n The Percentage error is
getch();
}
= "<<PE<<"%";
OUTPUT
Madam Sania Qureshi
Madam Sania Qureshi
PRACTICAL# 3 : To find root of f(x) using Bisection

Method
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define f(x)(pow(x,3)-15*pow(x,2)+300)
void main()
{
clrscr();
float a,b,xnew,xold=a,et,error;
cout<<"\n enter the value of a, b, and error tolerance value in % = ";
cin>>a>>b>>et;
int count=1;
cout<<"\n*************Bisection Method**************\n";
cout<<"\n..........................................................\n\n";
cout<<"\nit#"<<setw(10)<<"a"<<setw(15)<<"b"<<setw(17)<<"Root"<<setw(21
)<<"error in %\n";
do
{
xnew=(a+b)/2;
error=fabs((xnew-xold)/xnew)*100;
cout<<endl<<count;
printf ("\t%.6f\t%.6f\t%.6f\t%.6f",a,b,xnew,error);
cout<<"\n....................................................................\n";
if (f(a)*f(xnew)<0)
{b=xnew; xold=xnew;}
Madam Sania Qureshi
else
{a=xnew; xold=xnew;}
count++;
}
while (error>et);
cout<<"\n\n\n The approximate root containing "<<et<<" % error is = "<<xnew;
getch();
}
Computer Output
PRACTICAL# 4 :FIXED POINT ITERATION

#include <constream.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define f(x) (x*x*x+x-1)
#define g(x) (1/(x*x+1))
void main ()
{
clrscr();
float x0,xn,err,et;
int count=1;
cout<<"\n what is x0 and et in % ? ";cin>>x0>>et;
do
{
xn=g(x0);
err=fabs((xn-x0)/xn)*100;
cout<<endl<<count;
printf("\t\t%.5f\t\t%.5f",xn,err);
cout<<"\n................................................................\n";
x0=xn;
count++;
}
while (err>et);
cout<<"\n\n root is = "<<xn<<" containing "<<et<<" % error";
getch();}
Madam Sania Qureshi
10
Madam Sania Qureshi
OUTPUT
PRACTICAL# 5 : Regula Falsi Method
11
Madam Sania Qureshi
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define f(x)(exp(x)-2)
void main()
{
clrscr();
float a,b,xn,x0=a,et,error;
int count=1;
cout<<"enter the value of a, b and error tolerance value in % = ";
cin>>a>>b>>et;
cout<<"\n**************Regula Falsi Method****************\n";
cout<<"\n..................................................................\n\n";
cout<<"\nit#"<<setw(10)<<"a"<<setw(15)<<"b"<<setw(17)<<"Root"<<s
etw(20)<<"error in %\n";
do
{
xn=(a*f(b)-b*f(a))/(f(b)-f(a));
error=fabs((xn-x0)/xn)*100;
cout<<endl<<count;
printf ("\t%.6f\t%.6f\t%.6f\t%.6f",a,b,xn,error);
if (f(a)*f(xn)<0)
{
b=xn; x0=xn;
}
else
{
a=xn; x0=xn;
}
count++;
}
while (error>et);
cout<<"\n\n\n the approximate root containing "<<et<<" %error is =
"<<xn;
getch();
}
Computer Output
12
Madam Sania Qureshi
13
Madam Sania Qureshi
PRACTICAL# 6 : To find the root of y=f(x) using Newton

Raphson Method
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define f(x) (sin(x)-x+1)
#define df(x) (cos(x)-1)
void main()
{
clrscr();
float x0,et,error,xn;
int count=1;
cout<<"\n enter initial guess and error tolerance value in % = ";
cin>>x0>>et;
cout<<"\n*************NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD**********\n\n";
cout<<"\nit#"<<setw(15)<<"Root"<<setw(15)<<"Error in %\n";
cout<<"\n\n................................................\n\n";
do
{
xn=x0-f(x0)/df(x0);
error=fabs((xn-x0)/xn)*100;
cout<<endl<<count;
printf ("\t%.8f\t%.8f",xn,error);
x0=xn;
count++;
}
while (error>et);
cout<<"\n\n................................................\n\n";
printf ("\t%.8f",xn);
getch();
}
Computer Output
14
Madam Sania Qureshi
15
Madam Sania Qureshi
PRACTICAL# 7 :To find value of a Polynomial y=f(x) using

Lagrange's Interpolation Formula
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
float x[10],y[10],L[10],xn,p,sum=0;
int i,j,n;
cout<<"enter the number of data values = ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n enter the x values of the data = ";
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>x[i];
cout<<"\n enter the y values of the data = ";
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>y[i];
cout<<"\n the value of y at x = ";
cin>>xn;
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
p=1;
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if (i!=j)
p=p*(xn-x[j])/(x[i]-x[j]);
}
L[i]=p;
}
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
sum=sum+y[i]*L[i];
cout<<"\n\n\n************** Lagrange's Interpolation
Formula**************\n\n\n";
cout<<"\n\n x: ";
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf ("%.4f",x[i]);
cout<<"\t\t";
}
cout<<"\n\n y: ";
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf ("%.4f",y[i]);
cout<<"\t\t";
}
cout<<"\n\n\n The required value at x = ";
printf ("%.4f",xn);
cout<<" is = ";
printf ("%.4f",sum);
16
Madam Sania Qureshi
getch();
}
Computer Output
PRACTICAL# 8 : NEWTON'S DIVIDED DIFFERENCE

INTERPOLATION FORMULA
17
Madam Sania Qureshi
void main()
{
clrscr();
float x[5],y[5],d1y[4],d2y[3],d3y[2],d4y,X,Y;
cout<<"\n enter x values of the data: ";
for(int i=0;i<=4;i++)
cin>>x[i];
cout<<"\n enter y values of the data: ";
for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
cin>>y[i];
cout<<"\n enter value of x at which y is required: ";
cin>>X;
for(i=0;i<=3;i++)
d1y[i]=(y[i+1]-y[i])/(x[i+1]-x[i]);
for(i=0;i<=2;i++)
d2y[i]=(d1y[i+1]-d1y[i])/(x[i+2]-x[i]);
for(i=0;i<=1;i++)
d3y[i]=(d2y[i+1]-d2y[i])/(x[i+3]-x[i]);
d4y=(d3y[1]-d3y[0])/(x[4]-x[0]);
Y=y[0]+(X-x[0])*d1y[0]+(X-x[0])*(X-x[1])*d2y[0]+(X-x[0])*(X-x[1])*(Xx[2])*d3y[0]+
(X-x[0])*(X-x[1])*(X-x[2])*(X-x[3])*d4y;
cout<<"\n Value of y at x = "<<X<<" is "<<Y;
getch();
}
18
Madam Sania Qureshi
Computer Output
PRACTICAL# 9 : Program for Simpson's 1/3RD Rule

#include<math.h>
void main()
19
Madam Sania Qureshi
{
clrscr();
float x[20],f[20],h,sum1=0.0,sum2=0.0,I;
int n,i;
cout<<"\nEnter the total no. of strips : ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter the lower and upper limits of integration : ";
cin>>x[0]>>x[n];
h=(x[n]-x[0])/n;
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
{
x[i]=x[0]+i*h;
cout<<"\nEnter the value of f(x) at "<<x[i]<<" : ";
cin>>f[i];
}
for(i=1;i<=n-1;i+=2)
sum1+=f[i];
for(i=2;i<=n-2;i+=2)
sum2+=f[i];
I=(h/3.0)*(f[0]+4.0*sum1+2.0*sum2+f[n]) ;
cout<<"\n\n\tx\t\ty\n\n";
cout<<"=====================================";
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
cout<<"\n\t"<<x[i]<<"\t\t"<<f[i];
cout<<"\n\nUsing Simpson's 1/3rd rule, the required result is = "<<I;
getch();
20
Madam Sania Qureshi
Computer Output
PRACTICAL# 10 : Program for Simpson's 3/8th Rule

#include<math.h>
void main()
{
21
Madam Sania Qureshi
clrscr();
float x[20],f[20],h,sum1=0.0,sum2=0.0,I;
int n,i,j;
cin>>n;
cin>>x[0]>>x[n];
h=(x[n]-x[0])/n;
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
{
x[i]=x[0]+i*h;
cin>>f[i];
}
j=3.0;
for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++)
{
if(i==j)
{
sum2+=f[i];
j=j+3;
}
else
sum1+=f[i];
}
I=((3.0*h)/8.0)*(f[0]+3.0*sum1+2.0*sum2+f[n]);
22
Madam Sania Qureshi
23
Madam Sania Qureshi
cout<<"\n\tx\t\ty\n";
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
cout<<"\n\t"<<x[i]<<setw(18)<<f[i];
cout<<"\n\n\nResult = "<<I;
getch();
}
Computer Output:
PRACTICAL# 11 : Program of Trapezoidal Rule to perform

numerical integration
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
24
Madam Sania Qureshi
clrscr();
float x[20],h,sum=0.0,f[20],I;
int n,i;
cin>>n;
cin>>x[0]>>x[n];
h=(x[n]-x[0])/n;
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
{ x[i]=x[0]+i*h;
cin>>f[i];
}
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
sum+=f[i];
I=(h/2.0)*(f[0]+2*sum+f[n]) ;
cout<<"\n\n\tx\t\ty\n\n";
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
cout<<"\n\t"<<x[i]<<"\t\t"<<f[i];
cout<<"\n\n\nUsing Trapezoidal Rule, the required result is = "<<I;
getch();
}
Computer Output
PRACTICAL# 12: Program for Gauss Jacobi's Method

#include<math.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
25
Madam Sania Qureshi
float a11,a12,a13,b1,a21,a22,a23,b2,a31,a32,a33,b3,errx,erry,errz,et;
float xnew,ynew,znew,error,xold=0.0,yold=0.0,zold=0.0;
int iteration=1;
cout<<"\n Enter the coeff: of 1st equation = ";
cin>>a11>>a12>>a13>>b1;
cout<<"\n Enter the coeff: of 2nd equation = ";
cin>>a21>>a22>>a23>>b2;
cout<<"\n Enter the coeff: of 3rd equation = ";
cin>>a31>>a32>>a33>>b3;
cout<<"\n\n enter the error tolerance = ";
cin>>et;
do
{
xnew=(b1-a12*yold-a12*zold)/(a11);
ynew=(b2-a21*xold-a23*zold)/(a22);
znew=(b3-a31*xold-a32*yold)/(a33);
errx=fabs((xnew-xold)/xnew)*100;
erry=fabs((ynew-yold)/ynew)*100;
errz=fabs((znew-zold)/znew)*100;
error=errx+erry+errz;
xold=xnew;yold=ynew;zold=znew;
iteration++;
}
while (error>et);
cout<<"\n\n x = "<<xnew;
cout<<"\n\n y = "<<ynew;
26
Madam Sania Qureshi

cout<<"\n\n z = "<<znew;
cout<<"\n\n error = "<<error;
getch();
}
COMPUTER OUTPUT
PRACTICAL# 13: Program for Gauss Seidal's Method

#include<math.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
27
Madam Sania Qureshi
float a11,a12,a13,b1,a21,a22,a23,b2,a31,a32,a33,b3,errx,erry,errz,et;
float xnew,ynew,znew,error,xold=0.0,yold=0.0,zold=0.0;
int iteration=1;
cout<<"\n Enter the coeff: of 1st equation = ";
cin>>a11>>a12>>a13>>b1;
cout<<"\n Enter the coeff: of 2nd equation = ";
cin>>a21>>a22>>a23>>b2;
cout<<"\n Enter the coeff: of 3rd equation = ";
cin>>a31>>a32>>a33>>b3;
cout<<"\n\n enter the error tolerance = ";
cin>>et;
do
{
xnew=(b1-a12*yold-a12*zold)/(a11);
errx=fabs((xnew-xold)/xnew)*100;
xold=xnew;
ynew=(b2-a21*xold-a23*zold)/(a22);
erry=fabs((ynew-yold)/ynew)*100;
yold=ynew;
znew=(b3-a31*xold-a32*yold)/(a33);
errz=fabs((znew-zold)/znew)*100;
zold=znew;
error=errx+erry+errz;
iteration++;
}
28
Madam Sania Qureshi
29
Madam Sania Qureshi
while (error>et);
cout<<"\n\n x = "<<xnew;
cout<<"\n\n y = "<<ynew;
cout<<"\n\n z = "<<znew;
cout<<"\n\n error = "<<error;
getch();
}
Computer Output
PRACTICAL# 14: "Power Method to find Dominant eigenvalue

and Dominant eigenvector"
#include <math.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
float a[10][10],x0[10],v[10],vn[10],ibig=0.0,big,error,et;
30
Madam Sania Qureshi
int i,j,n,count=1;
cout<<"enter order of the given matrix = ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n enter initial assumed eigenvector = ";
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
cin>>x0[i];
cout<<"\nenter the entries of the given matrix = ";
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
for (j=1;j<=n;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
cout<<"\n enter the error tolerance value in % = ";
cin>>et;
cout<<"\n\n **************************Power
Method**********************************\n";
cout<<"\n============================================
================================\n";
cout<<"\nIt#\tEValue\t\t\tEVector\t\t\tError in %"<<endl;
cout<<"\n============================================
=================================\n";
xy:
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
float sum=0.0;
for (j=1;j<=n;j++)
sum+=a[i][j]*x0[j];
v[i]=sum;
}
31
Madam Sania Qureshi
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
vn[i]=fabs(v[i]);
big=vn[1];
for(i=2;i<=n;i++)
if (vn[i]>big)
big=vn[i];
cout<<"\n"<<count<<"
"<<big;
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
x0[i]=(v[i]/big);
error=fabs((big-ibig)/big)*100;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
cout<<"
"<<x0[i];
cout<<"
"<<error;
if (error>et)
{
ibig=big;
count++;
goto xy;
}
cout<<"\n\n\n Dominant eigenvalue is = "<<big;
cout<<"\n\n\n Dominant eigenvector is = "<<x0[1]<<"
"<<x0[3];
"<<x0[2]<<"
cout<<"\n\n\n Absolute relative approx. error is = "<<error;

getch();
}
32
Madam Sania Qureshi
OUTPUT
PRACTICAL# 15 : Program of Power Method to find Dominant

EigenValue and corresponding Eigen vector
#include <math.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
float a[10][10],b[10],c[10],d[10],ibig=0.0,big;
int i,j,n;
cout<<"enter order matrix";

cin>>n;
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
b[i]=1.0;
cout<<"enter the values of matrix";
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
for (j=1;j<=n;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
ab:
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
c[i]=0.0;
for (j=1;j<=n;j++)
c[i]+=a[i][j]*b[j];
}
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
d[i]=fabs(c[i]);
big=d[1];
for(i=2;i<=n;i++)
if (d[i]>big)
big=d[i];
cout<<"largest value ="<<big<<endl;
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
b[i]=(c[i]/big);
if (fabs(ibig-big)>0.001)
33
Madam Sania Qureshi
{
ibig=big;
goto ab;
}
getch();
}
Computer Output
34
Madam Sania Qureshi
35
Madam Sania Qureshi
36
Madam Sania Qureshi
PRACTICAL# 16: Program for Euler's Method to solve

First Order ODE
#include<math.h>
# define f(x,y) (1-y)
void main()
{
clrscr();
float x0,y0,xn,yn,h;
cout<<"\n enter the initial condition: x0 and y0 = ";
cin>>x0>>y0;
cout<<"\n\n enter the value of x at which the result is required: xn = ";
cin>>xn;
cout<<"\n enter the step size: h = ";
cin>>h;
while(x0<xn)
{
yn=y0+h*f(x0,y0);
x0=x0+h;
cout<<"\n X = "<<x0<<"\t Y = "<<yn;
y0=yn;
}
cout<<"\n\n The value of y at given x is = "<<yn;
getch();
}
OUTPUT
37
Madam Sania Qureshi
38
Madam Sania Qureshi
PRACTICAL# 17: Program to solve ordinary diff: equation by

Taylor's Series Method
#include<math.h>
#define f(x,y)(x*x*y-1)
#define df(x,y)(2*x*y+x*x*x*x*y-x*x)
void main()
{
clrscr();
float x0,y0,xn,yn,h;
cout<<"\n kindly enter x0,y0,h,xn = ";
cin>>x0>>y0>>h>>xn;
while (x0<xn)
{
yn=y0+h*f(x0,y0)+(h*h/2.0)*df(x0,y0);
x0=x0+h;
cout<<"\n\n x = "<<x0<<"\t Y = "<<yn;
y0=yn;
}
getch();}
Computer Output
39
Madam Sania Qureshi

Linear Algebra and Numerical Methods Practical Programs by DK Mamonai

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Linear Algebra and Numerical Methods Practical Programs by DK Mamonai

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Linear Algebra and Numerical Methods

Madam Sania Qureshi