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Cerebral palsy
CEREBRAL PALSY
Overall cause
What it is not
Incidence
Roughly 7 children per 1000 live births
Etiology(causes)
Pre-natal:
Infections
-toxoplasmosis and others
drug use by mother
pregnancies of multiples
prematurity
anoxia
Rh factor
Etiology, cont.
Natal factors(birth to 2 wks. of age)
anoxia
prolonged labor
improper use of forceps
abnormal birth position
excessive jaundice
Etiology, cont.
Post-natal factors:
severe blows to head (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
infections of the brain
lead poisoning
anoxia
Classifications
Spastic(80% of cases):

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Spastic(80% of cases):
muscles
increased stretch reflex
voluntary control of movement limited
contractures develop
Spastic, cont.
Upper extremities:
elbow
Forearm
wrist and finger
Lower extremities:
Legs
Athetoid/dyskinetic(10-20%)/
Characterized by:
involuntary movements of an irregular pattern
muscles of face and tongue
Ataxic(5-10%)
Combined disturbance
When diagnosed?
Last type:
Mixed form
Terminology
plegia means paralyzed or weak in Latin
MonoplegiaParaplegiaHemiplegiaTriplegiaQuadriplegiaAbnormal retention of reflexes
Commonly retained reflexes:

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Abnormal retention of reflexes

Commonly retained reflexes:
Hand grasp reflex
Asymmetrical and Symmetrical Tonic Neck reflex
Moro reflex
Foot grasp reflex
Remediation strategies
If not lost by age 7, compensate!
Adapt equipment, task, body position
Associated Dysfunctions
Intellectual Disabilities: 30-70%
Speech problems: 35-75%
Learning Disabilities: 80-90%
Visual problems: 55-60%
Hearing problems: 6-16%
Reflex problems: 80-90%
Seizures: 25-50%
Movement Adaptations for Children
Inclusive model is preferred approach
Emphasis should be on social skills
Stress fun and peer acceptance
Adapt for success: throw larger balls, catch bouncing balls instead of thrown balls, kick stationary rather than
moving targets, focus on large motor skills vs. fine motor skills
Appropriate Activities to Emphasize
Relaxation activities
Aquatics
Individual sports: horseback riding, biking, bowling, tennis, archery
Images
http://blog.globalyp.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/newborn-baby-picture-photo.jpg
http://www.waiting.com/frontallobe.html#anchor266669
http://www.solarnavigator.net/animal_kingdom/animal_images/Human_infant_newborn_baby.jpg

http://www.waiting.com/frontallobe.html#anchor266669
http://www.solarnavigator.net/animal_kingdom/animal_images/Human_infant_newborn_baby.jpg
http://www.mydochub.com/images/shaken-baby-syndrome.gif
http://s3.hubimg.com/u/673270_f260.jpg
http://www.kids.sutterhealth.org/images/running%20baby%20on%20hardwood.jpg
http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/images/hdc_0001_0003_0_img0192.jpg
http://webs.lanset.com/rcochran/marina/medres/BWMarina2-03a.jpg
http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=bi7yaq&s=4
http://www.specialstrides.com/images/riding