Note: This meanis an estimatedvalue as the exact valuesof the speedsof vehicles

travelling through the street are lost within each of the intervals.
Note: Modal classinterval
- Individual data - the most frequentdatavalue.
i.e. the 'x ' with the largest f (x) .
* Grouped/ Classintervals - the interval with the greatest (x) .
f

C. Svleasures
of Syrea[
- the measureof dispersion of data from the central value.
Typesof measuresto spread.
{. Range = Largestdatavalue - Smallestdatavalue
{. Inter-quartileRange(I.Q.R.) = U.Q. - L.Q.
* StandardDeviation ( o ) = the averagedistancea d,atavalueis away from the centralvalue.
t Variance\o') - (StandardDeviation)2
We must know how to use the given formula to calculatethe standarddeviation or variance.
Examples:
i.

For individual data.

ffiance

forthe followins data:

D a t a :L , 2 , 4 , 1 0 , 1 2 , 1 9 .
Solution:

l+2+4+10+12+19

x =

,,

-Fr

12 + 22 + 42 + 102+ lz2 + 192 to\2

\D/6

40!
a
J

ii.

For sroupedindividual data.

Find themeanandvariancefor the "speed10QuestionMathsTest."
x

f(x)

2
0
5
7
I

4
5
6

12
8

35

Solution: Completethe table - addedcolumns.

xf (x)

f (x)
2
0

2
3
4
5
6

t2

0
20
35

7
8

80
t75
288
588
64

48
84
8

7{!2;;;; i""1'L]

35

Note:

x' f (x)
8

'Ln' (A\--.-\- Zr'.f

fx.f
., (*)

''t = +''l?
MeanF)
r*t
zf

and ,

varian
ce(o', = -!t'lli

I/t"t

; =

Then,themeanis,

X.
l2o3

' r so
'2,- = E
lce
Andthevariar
iii.

-6'
\ "/

( rgq)'

t35J

= 2.044
for GroupedData.
of 20 Students.
BodyTemperaturc
(measuredto the nearest0.I of a degree).

f( x)

x ('c)
36.3 <
36.5 3
3 1 .7<
3 6 .9<
3 7 . 1<

x
x
x < 3 6.8
x
x

2
6

8
3
I

20
Find the mean and standarddeviation.
Solution: Set up the table and completethe extra columns.

f (x)

x ('c)

Midpoint
(m)

36.3<x <36.4
36.5<x<36.6
36.7<xS36.8
36.9< x < 31.0
3 7 . 1< x < 3 7 . 2

i.."

6
8
3

36.35
3 6.55
36.15
36.95

31.r5

mzxf(x)
2642.6450
8015.4150

72.70

2r9.30

10804.s000

294.00
110.85

4095.9075
1380.1225

37.r5

i.""'.26938.590d
-:

-r:. 734.00 .;

20"':

mxf (x)

. m . l (*)
lx)
Z*.f

i---;,rz
LS-2

, .f (")

/-\

Note:

Mean ('x1 =

and )

StandardDeviation (o) =

Zrr*>

734.00
20
36.7'C

Hence,

And,

Z*'f (")

o -

Q6 .T2

0 .1 9 8 7
Note:
1. Studentsmust be familiar with the use of their calculator so that solutions carr
be checked.
In somequestions,calculatoranswersare all that is required.

2. 'n' is the number of samplesand is equivalentto

lf {*,)

Note:Thisis the
easierof the two
formulato use.

3. StandardDeviation (o) =

I[rr"r"6-;F]
I/t*l
4. ' o, - ,' button on the calculator refers to the estimatedvalue for StandardDeviation.
i.e.Divisionby 'n - 1' not 'n'.
Both are acceptablein an exam.