Section B: Chemistry of the Elements

a)

Atomic number

b)

Relative atomic mass

c)

Group 1

d)

Group 6

e)

3 or 4 or 5

a)

i)

Calcium / Ca2+

ii)

Turns limewater milky

ii)

Iron(II) hyrdoxide

iii) Carbonate / CO32b) i)

Fe2+

iii) Sulfate / SO42-

Any two from chloride, bromide and iodide

d) i)
3

CaCO3

ii)

FeSO4

a)

b)

21

c)

Re-lights a glowing spill

d)

Carbon dioxide

a)

i)

ii)

Colourless

b) i)

5
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
OR
NH3 + H+ NH4+

ii)

Add sodium hydroxide solution and warm. The gas given off turns damp red litmus paper
blue.

Chemistry Revision Guide

c)

iv) BaSO4

iii) Add 15 cm3 of ammonia solution to 25 cm3 of hydrochloric acid.

Leave the solution to evaporate.
Dry the crystals with filter paper.
c)

a)

i)

Lead(II) nitrate and any soluble chloride, such as sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid.

ii)

Lead(II) nitrate + sodium chloride Lead(II) chloride + sodium nitrate

Any two from

bubbles of gas / fizzing / effervescence

white precipitate / water goes cloudy
water gets warm
calcium bobs up and down

Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
b) Zinc oxide. Zn + H2O ZnO + H2
c)

i)

Zn + Fe2+ Zn2+ + Fe

ii)

Displacement / redox

d) Oxygen
e)

i)

Coat it with zinc

1

ii)
6

a)

Zinc is more reactive than iron so corrodes instead of the iron.

Less than thirteen bubbles in the iron tube. More than thirteen bubbles in the magnesium tube.

b) Zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + hydrogen

c)

Any one from copper, silver, gold, platinum.

d) Water and oxygen.

7

a)

aq; l; g

b) Hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid or nitric acid

c)

Carbonate ion; carbon dioxide

d) i)
ii)

Calcium hydroxide
Limewater

Chemistry Revision Guide

iii) Limewater turns milky

iv)

CaCO3 + H2O

e)

Makes it acidic/ lowers its pH to below 7

a)

i)

Any two from sodium moves around

bubbles of gas / fizzing / effervescence
sodium melts / forms a ball
sodium disappears

ii)

Sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

iii) Blue / indigo / violet / purple. The solution is (strongly) alkaline / contains hydroxide ions.
b) i)
c)

a)

Yellow

ii)

Flame test

i)

Electrons are transferred from sodium atoms to oxygen atoms. Each sodium atom loses
one electron. Each oxygen atom gains two electrons.

ii)

Na+ and O2

2.8.7

b) 7
c)

Brown to colourless

d) i)

10 a)

ii)

Blue. The solution is not acidic / no hydrogen ions are formed.

i)

ii)

2.8.2

b) i)
2

Red. The solution is acidic / hydrobromic acid has been formed / the solution contains
hydrogen ions (H+).

Any two from bubbles of gas / fizzing / effervescence

 white precipitate / water goes cloudy

water gets warm
calcium bobs up and down
ii)

Ca(OH)2

iii) Blue. The solution is alkaline / contains hydroxide ions.

c)

i)

Magnesium is silver; magnesium oxide is white.

ii)

Upward delivery in air. Over water.

iii) Hydrogen + oxygen water

11 a)

Zinc is less reactive than magnesium.

b) i)

Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
OR

ii)

Solid turns from dark grey to pink-brown.

Solution turns from blue to green.

c)
12 a)

Hydrogen is more reactive than copper, but less reactive than iron.
i)

The solid in the flask is calcium carbonate.

The liquid in the tap funnel is dilute hydrochloric acid.

ii)

Carbon dioxide is more dense than air. Collect by downward delivery in air or over water.

Chemistry Revision Guide

Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu

iii) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

OR
CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
b) Magnesium burns with a white flame. White solid formed.