Solution

ACID BASES AND SALTS

Class 10 - Chemistry

1. (d) Water < acetic acid < hydrochloric acid

Explanation: Water < acetic acid < hydrochloric acid

2. (a) NaCl

Explanation: NaCl
3. (d) X

Explanation: When an acid reacts with a base, salt and water is formed.

In the given question ‘X OH’ is the base which gives OH- ions and ‘HY' is the acid (which gives H+ ions) Hence 'X' acts as a
cation.
4. (a) Na2SO4

Explanation: Na2SO4

5. (a) Acidic salts

Explanation: Acidic salts

6. (b) Zinc oxide

Explanation: Zinc oxide

7. (a) Option (iii)

Explanation: Bases are sour in taste. They do not turn blue litmus to red and their strength is given by p(OH) = - log [OH-]
8. (d) Aluminium oxide

Explanation: Aluminium oxide

9. (b) basic

Explanation: basic
10. (b) copper (II) oxide

Explanation: copper (II) oxide

11. (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (iii), (d) - (i)
12. (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
13. (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)
14. (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)
15. PbCO3 + 2HNO3 ⟶ Pb(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl ⟶ PbCl2 + 2HNO3

16. The acid having minimum pH, has the highest concentration of H+ ions and hence, is the strongest acid. Thus, acid Y is the
strongest, while Z is the weakest acid. The order of acidic strength is Z < X < Y.
17. i. Lower is the pH value, stronger is the add. Thus, A (pH = 1) is a stronger add than B (pH = 5).
ii. The solution is alkaline in nature as it changes the colour of litmus from red to blue. Thus, its pH is greater than 7.
18. i. A solution 'P' having pH 13 will liberate ammonia from ammonium sulphate on heating.
ii. The solution 'R' having pH 2 is a strong acid.
iii. The solution 'Q' having pH 6 contains molecules as well as ions.
19. Washing soda loses its water of crystallisation and becomes amorphous. This phenomenon is known as efflorescence.

N a2 C O3 ⋅ 10H2 O −
→ N a2 C O3 + 10H2 O
Washing Soda Sodium carbonate

20. Heating of salt, evolves gas C which turns lime water milky. This suggests that the gas C is CO2. It can also be inferred that
bicarbonates on heating produces carbonates with the evolution of CO2. Salt A is sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 (as it is used in
bakery products and gives Na2CO3 on heating).

Salt B is sodium carbonate Na2CO3 (it is used for the removal of hardness of water). Gas C is carbon dioxide, CO2 (as it turns
lime water milky).

1/4
 This can be shown as follows

Heat

2 N aHC O3 −−−→ N a2 C O3 + H2 O + CO2 ↑

Sodium bicarbonate Sodium carbonate

21. i. Copper sulphate and ammonium chloride.

ii. Potassium acetate and sodium sulphide.
22. i. Solution Q
ii. Solution R
23. i. When a mixture of calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride is heated, ammonia gas is evolved.

2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 −
→ CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3↑

ii. When a mixture of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride is heated, first it forms ammonium nitrite which is unstable and it
decomposes into nitrogen (N2) and water.

NH 4 Cl + NaNO 2 −
→ NH 4 NO 2 + NaCl

N2 + 2H2 O

24. There are three types of salts which can be prepared from orthophosphoric acid [H3PO4], two acidic salts and one normal salt.

− −
H3 PO 4 + OH ⟶ H2 P O + H2 o
4
Acidic salt

H2 PO
−
4
+ OH
−
⟶ HP O
2−

4
+ H2 O

Acidic salt

2− 2− 3−
HPO 4 + OH ⟶ PO + H2 O
4
N ormal salt

25. Basicity of an acid is defined as the number of hydronium ions produced by the ionisaton of one molecule of the acid in an
aqueous solution.
i. Basicity of nitric acid = 1
ii. Basicity of acetic acid = 1
26. i. By dissolving in water

Both equations:

SO3 + H2SO4 ⟶ H2S2O7

H2S2O7 + H2O ⟶ 2H2SO4

ii. By dissolving in water

K2O + H2O ⟶ 2KOH

27. Conc. sulphuric acid removes moisture from other substances. It works as drying agent and it also removes water molecules from
compounds so it is used as a dehydrating agent. Cone, sulphuric acid can remove water molecules from blue vitriol
(CuSO4.5H2O).

28. i. Deliquescent substances - Caustic potash (KOH), Caustic soda (NaOH)

ii. Hygroscopic substances - Conc. sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Quicklime (CaO).

29. i. HCl and HNO3 furnish H+(aq) ions on dissolving in water which are responsible for their acidic character.

ii. Alcohol and glucose do not furnish H+ (aq) ion on dissolving in water and hence, these solutions do not show acidic character.
30. Identify and name the following:
(i) 1. Barium chloride solution
2. Barium chloride
(ii) 1. Calcium hydroxide
(iii) 1. Sulphuric acid
(iv) 1. Titration
(v) 1. Acid salt
(vi) 1. Complex salt
(vii) 1. Glacial acetic acid
(viii)1. Citric acid
(ix)
(x) 1. Hydrogen sulphide
(xi) 1. Efflorescence

2/4
 2. efforescent
(xii) 1. Nitric acid
(xiii)1. Deliquescence
(xiv)1. Alkali
(xv) 1. Zinc oxide
(xvi)1. Acid
31. Give suitable reason for the following statements:
(i) Dilute hydrochloric acid undergoes complete ionization/dissociation whereas acetic acid undergoes incomplete or partial
ionization or dilute HCl has higher concentration of ions than acetic acid/Dilute hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid than
acetic acid/Dilute hydrochloric acid is a strong electrolyte and acetic acid is a weak electrolyte/Dilute hydrochloric acid-
only ions, acetic acid- ions and molecules/Dilute hydrochloric acid has higher degree of dissociation than acetic acid.
32. Write the balanced chemical equation for each of the following:
(i) CuCO3 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O + CO2
(ii) ZnO + 2NaOH → Na 2 ZnO2 + H2 O
 Zinc   Sodium   Sodium   Water 
 oxide   hydroxide   Zincate 

(iii)CuCO3 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O + CO2

(iv)PbCO3 + 2HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → 2NaNO3 + PbSO4

(v) Fe(OH) 3 + 3HNO 3 → Fe(NO 3 )
3
+ 3H2 O
Ferric   Nitric   Iron(III)   Water 
 hydroxide   acid 
 nitrate 

(vi) Na 2  S + 2HCl (dil)  → 2NaCl + H2  S ↑

 Sodium   Sodium   Hydrogen 
 Hydrochoric 
 Sulphide   chloride 
 Sulphude 
 acid 

(vii) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 ↑

 Hydrochloric 
 Magnesium   Magnesium   Hydrogen 
 acid 
 chloride 

(viii)
8NH3 (excess) + 3Cl2 ⟶ N2↑ + 6NH3Cl
(ix)Zn + 2KOH → K2ZnO2 + H2↑
(x) FeCl3 + 3NaOH → Fe(OH)3↓ + 3NaCl
(xi)Na2SO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2↑
(xii)ZnSO4 + Na2CO3 → ZnCO3 + Na2SO4

or

ZnSO4 + (NH4)2CO3 → (NH4)2 SO4 + ZnCO3

(xiii)
Any soluble salt of copper reacted with sodium, potassium or ammonium carbonate solution.

CuCl2 + Na2CO3 ⟶ CuCO3 + 2NaCl

(xiv)
NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2
(xv) Na 2 SO3 + 2HCl (dil) → 2NaCl + SO2 ↑ + H2 O + S ↓
 Sodium   Sodium   Water 
 Sulphur   Sulphur 
 Hydrochloric 
 thiosulphate   chloride 
 dioxide 
 acid 

(xvi)
2Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 + 3H2O
(xvii)
2NH4OH + H2SO4 ⟶ (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O
(xviii)
MgSO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + SO2↑ + H2O
(xix)
Ca(HCO 3 )2 + 2HCl (dil ) → CaCl2 + 2H2 O + 2CO2 ↑
 Calcium   Calcium  Water Carbon dioxide
 Hydrochloric 
 bicarbonate 
 acid 
 Chloride 

33. State one relevant observation for each of the following:

(i) H2S gas with rotten egg smell is evolved.
(ii) Salt
(iii)Blue hydrated copper sulphate is dehydrated to white anhydrous copper sulphate.
(iv)Brisk effervescence with the evolution of a colourless, odourless gas which when passed through lime water, it turns
milky.

3/4
(v) Anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2), when left exposed to air for sometime absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and
get converted into its saturated solution i.e., it shows the property of deliquescent.
(vi)A colourless and odourless gas evolves with brisk effervescence which turns lime water milky.
(vii)When barium chloride solution white precipitate of is slowly added to sodium sulphate solution, then white precipitate
of barium sulphate is formed.

BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

(viii)
When zinc nitrate crystals are strongly heated, then a reddish brown gas is liberated.
(ix)When a zinc granule is added to copper sulphate solution, then blue colour of the copper sulphate solution fades due to
formation of colourless zinc sulphate and copper is obtained.

Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

(x) Gas (SO3) evolved which turns potassium dichromate paper from orange to green and yellow particles of sulphur.

4/4