Date: 19 Sept 2023

Activity 6.4 (A): To study the chemical properties of acids.

Aim: To study the reaction between acid and base.
Materials: Copper(II) oxide powder, 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid and filter paper.
Apparatus: 100cm3 beaker, glass rod, filter funnel, retort stand with clamp, evaporating dish, Bunsen
burner, Pipeclay triangle, tripod stand and spatula.
Procedure:
1.
2.
3.
.
.
.
Discussion:
1.
Ans: Copper(II) oxide powder dissolves in sulphuric acid.
2.
Ans: Blue
3.
Ans: CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
4.
Ans: Acid + Base → salt + water

Activity 6.4 (B): To study the chemical properties of acids.

Aim: To study the reaction between acid and reactive metal
Materials: Zinc powder, 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, wooden splinter and filter paper.
Apparatus: 100cm3 beaker, glass rod, filter funnel, retort stand with clamp, evaporating dish, Bunsen
burner, Pipeclay triangle, tripod stand, spatula, test tube and test tube holder.
Procedure:
1. Pour 20cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
2. Add zinc powder, Zn gradually into the acid by using a spatula. Stir the mixture with a glass rod.
3. Observe the change that takes place on zinc powder, Zn that reacts with acid. Record your
observation on the solution produced.
4. Continue adding zinc powder, Zn until it can no longer dissolve.
5. Filter the excess zinc powder, Zn, from the mixture.
6. Pour the filtrate into an evaporating dish and heat the filtrate until one third of its initial volume
remains.
7. Allow the saturated solution produced to cool until salt crystals are formed.
8. Filter the contents of the evaporating dish to obtain the salt crystals. Rinse the crystals with
distilled water.
9. Dry the crystals between two pieces of filter papers.
10. Observe the physical properties of the salt crystals and record your findings.

Procedure to test on the gas released

1. Pour 5 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid into a test tube.
2. Add half a spatula of zinc powder into the test tube.
3. Bring a lighted wooden near the mouth of the test tube.
4. Observe and record all the changes.
Discussion:
1.
Ans: Bubbles of colourless gas is released.
2.
Ans: Hydrogen gas
3.
Ans: 2HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2
4.
Ans: Acid + Reactive metal → salt + hydrogen gas

Activity 6.4 (C): To study the chemical properties of acids.

Aim: To study the reaction between acid and metal carbonates
Materials: Marble chips, CaCO3, 2.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid and filter paper.
Apparatus: 100cm3 beaker, glass rod, filter funnel, retort stand with clamp, evaporating dish, Bunsen
burner, Pipeclay triangle, tripod stand, spatula, test tubes, delivery tube and test tube
holder.
Procedure:
1. Pour 20cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid into a beaker.
2. Add marble chips, CaCO3 gradually into the acid by using a spatula. Stir the mixture with a glass
rod.
3. Observe the change that takes place on marble chips, CaCO3 that reacts with acid. Record your
observation on the solution produced.
4. Continue adding marble chips, CaCO3 until it can no longer dissolve.
5. Filter the excess marble chips, CaCO3 from the mixture.
6. Pour the filtrate into an evaporating dish and heat the filtrate until one third of its initial volume
remains.
7. Allow the saturated solution produced to cool until salt crystals are formed.
8. Filter the contents of the evaporating dish to obtain the salt crystals. Rinse the crystals with
distilled water.
9. Dry the crystals between two pieces of filter papers.
10. Observe the physical properties of the salt crystals and record your findings.

Procedure to test on the gas released

1. Pour 5 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 of nitric acid into a test tube.
2. Add half a spatula of marble chips into the test tube.
3. Close the test tube with a stopper which has attached with a delivery tube.
4. Immerse the other end of the delivery tube into another test tube filled with limewater.
5. Observe and record all the changes.

Discussion:
1.
Ans: To make sure that all the nitric acid has completely reacted.
2.
Ans: Excess marble chips can be removed by filtration process.
3.
Ans: (a) Calcium nitrate
(b) Carbon dioxide
4.
Ans: CaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
5.
Ans: Acid + Metal carbonate → salt + carbon dioxide + water