Date : 16th May,2023

Title: Salt Preparation

Aim: To prepare a sample of copper (II) sulphate (CuSO4).
Apparatus and Materials:
1) Beaker 7) Filter Funnel 13) Acetone
2) Bunsen Burner 8) Conical Flask 14) 25 ml Pipette Filter
3) Tripod stand and wire 9) Evaporating dish 15) Petite filter
4) Spatula 10) Distilled water
5) Glass rod 11) (30cm3) dilute sulphuric acid (2M)
6) Filter paper 12) Small beaker with 5g of copper (II) oxide.

Procedure:
1. Exactly 25cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid was added into a beaker and the acid was
gently warmed. Once the acid was warmed.
2. The black copper oxide was added a little at a time , to the acid and stirred with a
glass rod until no more could be dissolved.
3. A wash bottle was used to rinse off the glass rod into the beaker .
4. The excess copper oxide was filtered off using a filter paper, funnel and conical
flask.
5. The beaker was rinsed and poured into the funnel. This was done thrice.
6. The filter which contains copper (II) sulphate was transferred to an evaporating
dish. The conical flask was rinsed three times into the evaporating dish.
7. The copper (II) sulphate was evaporated gently until saturated but not dry. The hot
solution was allowed to cool and form crystals.
8. The copper(II) sulphate crystals formed was filtered off and were left to air dry.
9. The dry salt was weighed and the percentage yield was calculated.
Diagram:
Observation:
When the black copper oxide was added to the warm sulphuric acid the structure and colour
changed to dark blue, the excess copper oxide was filtered off with the filter paper funnel and
conical flask the color then changed to sky blue.When the filtrate was thrown into the
evaporating dish and heated it started forming thick like particles.After it was taken off of the
bunsen burner and set to cool crystals started forming.

Mass of dried salt= 5.5g

Treatment Of Results: if 250ml contains 0.5 moles

Then 25ml contains 0.05 moles.
250ml/1000= 0.25dm3
Number of moles = Conc x Volume
= 2 mol dm3 x 0.25 dm3
= 0.5 mol
25/ 250 x 0.5mol = 0.05 mol
The Balanced chemical equation for the reaction and deduce ratio between CuSO4 and
H2SO4 :
CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) →CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
Ratio:1:1
Since the ratio of CuSO4: H2SO4 is 1:1
Moles of CuSO4 in 25ml= 0.05 mol
25 ml / 250ml x 0.05ml
Molecular mass of CuSO4 is=
(1 x 64) + ( 1 x 32) + ( 4 x16) = 160 gmol
Theoretical mass prepared:
= No.of mol x mol.mass
= 0.05 mol x 160g mol-1
= 8g
Percentage yield is:
Actual mass / Theoretical mass x 100 / 1
= 5.5g / 8g x 100 = 68.8%
Discussion:
The reason why the acid was warmed is to increase the rate of reaction and ensure all the
sulfuric acid reacts. More copper oxide is mainly added in surplus to make certain all the sulfuric
acid reacts. The limiting reagent is the sulfuric acid because it has a small number of moles. Its
purpose is the reactant that is completely used up in a reaction, and this determines whether the
reaction stops. Acetone was used instead of coldwater because acetone had to remove the
impurities and water couldn’t have been used as CuSO4is a soluble salt and would have dissolved
in the water. The practical mass of CuSO4 is lower than the theoretical mass of CuSO4 because
all the crystals did not crystallize out of the solution.

Precautions:
It was ensured that the acid was gently warmed. The CuSO4 solution was carefully observed
when crystallization occurred.

Sources of error:
No sources of error

Conclusion:
In conclusion the copper sulphate was formed by the reaction of Copper (II) Oxide and Sulphuric
Acid.