Chem 1036 Chemistry for Engineers

Experiment #2 (new)
Page no. 1

Experiment #2 (new)
Chemical Reactions : Identifying types of chemical reactions
prepared by r.a.mindo

Pre-laboratory Questions: (Write your answers in a ½ sheet of yellow paper.)

1. In the souring of milk, what are some of the reasons for believing that a chemical change rather than a physical
change has occurred?
2. Tell whether the following changes in matter is a physical or a chemical change.
a) fermenting of sugar
b) winding a mechanical alarm clock
c) burning of wood
d) evaporation of ethanol
e) cooking of meat
f) dissolving sugar in water
g) mixing sand and salt
h) rusting of iron
3. What happens to the reacting substances in chemical reactions?
4. Give one reason for writing chemical equations.
5. What is the difference between an endothermic reaction and an exothermic reaction?
6. Give a simple definition of a chemical bond. What happens to bonds between atoms in a chemical reaction?

Materials and reagents:

Bunsen burner magnet Iron filings

Crucible tongs Rubber tubing fitted with a Sulfur powder

stopper on one end and medicine
Small disposable test tube 6 M HCl
dropper on the other
Mortar and pestle 1 M HCl

forceps 1 M CuSO4 Shiny Iron nail

1 M Na2CO3 1 M CuCl2 CaCO3 (powder)

Magnesium ribbon CuSO4· 5 H2O crystals 1 M KNO3

1 M Na2SO4 1 M NaOH pH paper strips

Precaution: The instructor will demonstrate the proper way of igniting the Bunsen burner. Listen carefully to the
instruction and follow the proper procedure for igniting the Bunsen burner.
 Chem 1036 Chemistry for Engineers
Experiment #2 (new)
Page no. 2

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Procedure:
I. A. Proper way of igniting the Bunsen burner
1. Inspect the Bunsen burner for defects. Inspect carefully the condition of the rubber tubing, look for cracks
or holes throughout the length of the tubing. In case of a defective Bunsen burner, return the damaged
equipment and ask for a replacement from the Chemistry stockroom.
2. Connect the rubber tubing to the gas outlet. Make sure that the connection is secure and tight.
3. Close the gas valve. Turn on the gas regulator of the gas tank. The gas tank is found in a cabinet under your
table.

Perpendicular position = CLOSED

Parallel position = OPENED
4. Turn the collar to close the air holes. Light a matchstick first before opening the gas regulator. Bring the
lighted match alongside the mouth of the barrel. Slowly open the gas valve to admit gas into the burner.
The burner will soon ignite with a yellow colored flame. (See figure 2) The color of the flame is yellow
because of the presence of small amounts of unburnt carbon particles in the flame.
5. To produce the correct burner flame (the blue flame). Slowly turn the collar to admit air into the barrel. If
the flame snuffs out, close the gas valve. Or if the flame “strikes back” (burn at the base), turn off the gas
valve and allow the barrel to cool. In both cases, repeat step 4.
6. You may also increase the opening of the gas valve to get the correct burner flame. (See figure 3)
7. Turn off the gas valve and repeat step 4. Practice the correct burner ignition procedure until you have
mastered it.

B. Bunsen burner experiment

1. Ignite the burner and produce the yellow Bunsen flame. Using a crucible tong, hold the bottom of an
evaporating dish on the tip of the yellow flame for 3 seconds. Let the evaporating dish cool down, observe
and record your observation in the data sheets. You may sample the black particles but touching it with
your fingertips.
2. The fuel of the Bunsen burner is Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), which is a mixture of hydrocarbon with the
main constituent as propane, C3H8. Write the incomplete combustion reaction of propane in the data
sheets. (The products of this reaction are carbon and water vapor).
3. Slowly turn the collar to open the airholes, this would produce the blue flame. Write the complete
combustion reaction of propane in the data sheets. (The products of this reaction are carbon dioxide and
water vapor).

II. Reaction of iron and sulfur

 Chem 1036 Chemistry for Engineers
Experiment #2 (new)
Page no. 3

A. Physical Properties of Iron and Sulfur

1. Obtain a spatula full of iron fillings and sulfur powder. Place each sample in a clean sheet of paper. Note
the physical properties of each element. Record your observations in the data sheet.

2. Get a magnet and move it under the piece of paper containing iron and sulfur. Observe which sample is
attracted to the magnet. Record your result. Use the same sample for part B no. 1.

B. Chemical Properties of Iron and Sulfur

1. Transfer the iron and sulfur samples in two separate test tubes.

2. Add dropwise 6M hydrochloric acid solution to cover the solids. Note whether a chemical reaction takes
place with either iron or sulfur.

3. Weigh out separately 0.5 g of sulfur and 0.5 g of iron. Mix them thoroughly by grinding them together
using mortar and pestle. Did a reaction occur while you were mixing them?

4. Transfer the mixture to a small disposable test tube aided by a paper funnel. Heat the mixture over the
hottest portion of the Bunsen blue flame for 3 minutes. Some excess sulfur will evaporate out of the
test tube. Do not inhale the vapors! Let the tube cool.

5. Wrap the test tube with paper and using the pestle, break the test tube. Using a pair of forceps, collect a
pea-sized piece of the heated substance and transfer it to a test tube. Show your product to the instructor
for inspection before proceeding to the next step.

6. Your task at this point is to determine whether the material is still a mixture of iron and sulfur or a new
compound was formed during the heating process. Use a magnet to test the heated substance for its
magnetic property.

7. Fill another test tube with 5 mL of 1M copper sulfate solution. Get the rubber tubing with rubber stopper
in one end and medicine dropper in the other. Submerge the medicine dropper end in the copper sulfate
solution. Place the test tube in the test tube rack.

8. Get 2 mL of 1 M hydrochloric acid, pour this to the test tube with the heated substance and quickly cover
this with the rubber stopper end of the rubber tubing. Place the test tube in the test tube rack beside the
copper (II) sulfate solution. Take note of evidences that a chemical reaction took place.

The set-up will emit an odorous gas, hydrogen sulfide. Do not open the set-up, let the reaction subside
for 10 minutes before disposing its contents to the designated waste container.

III. Other Chemical Reactions

In this part of the experiment, you will conduct several short experiments and observe various changes
which happen in a chemical reaction.
After the experiment, dispose the solutions in the designated waste container. Do not throw the
solutions into the sink!

A. Iron and Copper Sulfate

Place 2 mL of 1 M copper (II) sulfate solution in a test tube. Drop a shiny iron nail into the test tube.
Observe the chemical reaction.
 Chem 1036 Chemistry for Engineers
Experiment #2 (new)
Page no. 4

B. Sodium carbonate and Copper (II) Chloride

Place three drops of 1 M sodium carbonate solution in a watch glass. Add three drops of 1M copper (II)
chloride solution. Stir the mixture with a stirring rod. Observe the chemical reaction.

C. Acetic Acid and Calcium Carbonate

Place half spatula full of calcium carbonate powder into a test tube. Add 1 mL of distilled water. Add
10 drops (add drop by drop) of 1 M acetic acid to the mixture and stir it slowly. Is a chemical reaction
occurring?

D. Burning of Magnesium Ribbon

Caution: Wear your safety goggles and do not look directly at burning piece of magnesium!
Hold a piece of magnesium ribbon using crucible tongs. Place the magnesium ribbon to the hottest part
of the Bunsen blue flame. Observe the reaction. Also take note of the color and texture of the remaining
substance after the reaction.

E. Heating of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate

Place a spatula full of copper sulfate pentahydrate in a small test tube. Hold the test tube using a test
tube holder and heat for a few minutes over the hottest part of the Bunsen blue flame. Record your
observation.

F. Sodium sulfate and potassium nitrate

Place 1 mL of 1 M sodium sulfate solution in a test tube. Add 1 mL of 1 M potassium nitrate solution.
Stir the mixture. Is there a chemical reaction? Explain.

G. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

Place 1 mL of 1 M hydrochloric acid solution in a test tube. Dip a stirring rod into the solution and touch
the moistened end to a pH paper strip. Estimate the pH of the solution using a pH color comparator.

Add 1 mL of 1 M sodium hydroxide solution into the hydrochloric acid solution. Stir the solution and
perform the pH test for the resulting solution. Is there a chemical reaction? Explain.
 Chem 1036 Chemistry for Engineers
Experiment #2 (new) [Data Sheets]
Page no. 1

Name ________________________________________ Date_____________________

Course and Section _____________________________ Group No. ________________

Experiment 2 (new)
Chemical Reactions : Identifying types of chemical reactions

Objective:
1.)

2.)

3.)

Data and Result:

I-B. Bunsen burner experiment
Observation:

Chemical equation for the incomplete combustion of propane, C3H8:

Chemical equation for the complete combustion of propane, C3H8:

II. Iron and Sulfur

A. Physical Properties of Iron and Sulfur
Physical Properties Observations
Iron Sulfur
color
shape
texture
attraction to magnet

B. Chemical Properties of Iron and Sulfur

Tests
1. addition of HCl (aq) to iron dusts
Observations:

Is there a chemical reaction? Explain

Chemical equation:
2. addition of HCl (aq) to sulfur powder
Observations:
Is there a chemical reaction? Explain
3. grinding iron and sulfur in mortar
and pestle
Observations:
4. heating a mixture of iron and sulfur
Observations:
Is there a chemical reaction? Explain
 Chem 1036 Chemistry for Engineers
Experiment #2 (new) [Data Sheets]
Page no. 2

Chemical equation:
5. addition of dilute HCl to heated
iron/sulfur mixture
Observations:
Is there a chemical reaction? Explain

Chemical equation:
6. reaction of gas from test tube 1 to
copper (II) sulfate (aq)
Observations:
Is there a chemical reaction? Explain

Chemical equation:

II. Other Chemical Reactions

Besides indicating the visible changes, you observed, provide the balanced chemical equation of the reactions.
Identify the type of chemical reaction.
Test
A. addition of iron to copper (II)
sulfate (aq)
Observations:
Chemical equation:
B. addition of copper (II) chloride (aq)
to sodium carbonate (aq)
Observations:
Chemical equation:
C. addition of acetic acid (aq) to
saturated calcium carbonate (aq)
Observations:
Chemical equation:
D. burning of magnesium
Observations:
Chemical equation:
E. heating of copper (II) sulfate
pentahydrate
Observations:
Chemical equation:
F. sodium sulfate (aq) and potassium
nitrate (aq)
Observations:
G. hydrochloric acid (aq) and sodium
hydroxide (aq)
Observations:
Chemical equation:

Conclusion: